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2 strains of efficient bacteria for the aerobic degradation on kitchen waste were identified by biology microbes identification system and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. After the genomic DNA was extracted，the sequences of 16S rRNA gene were amplified by PCR with the bacterium universal primers and the purified PCR products were directly sequenced. The corrected sequences were aligned with Megalign 7. 0 and the phylogenetic tree was constructed. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that the C95 belonged to Ochrobactrum or Stenotrophomonas; C132 belonged to Pseudomonas putida. The results of biology tests showed that the 2 strains were Ochrobactrum grigrnonense and Pseudomonas sutida，respectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide reference for appropriate choice of turfgrass species in Kunming districts,ten turfgrass cultivars from two types(each type including five species) were chosen as experiment material for comparative study of culture in Kunming districts,the biological characteristics,seedling vigor,into the floor rate,disease resistance,drought resistance,coverage and comprehensive quality lawn of ten materials were compared and analyzed. The results were as follows:(i) The characteristic of six cold-season turfgrass species including Lolium perenne(‘Yeying’and‘No. 2 Xinsu’),Agrostis matsumurae(‘Lubao’and ‘Jiabao’) and Festuca elata(‘Pufujianguying’and‘Pate’) were turfing faster,long green period,good coverage,uniform,low damage caused by pathogenic bacteria and pests,more resistant to drought and no dormancy in winter and summer and better integrated quality in Kunming districts. Six cultivars above were suitable for flooring space promotion.(ii) Four Warm-season turfgrass species including Cynodon dactylon(‘Putongguoyagen’and‘Ruila’) and Zoysia japonica(‘Putongjielucao’and‘Ribenjielucao’) showed short green period relatively,poor uniformity,weaker resistance,appearing yellow and dormancy in winter,high maintenance costs and poor integrated quality.(iii) Among ten turfgrass evaluated and analyzed integrated,‘Lubao’and‘Jiamei’belonging to Festuca elata showed the best. Agrostis matsumurae(‘Pufujianguying’and‘Pate’) showed better,but their resistance to drought was weaker,these two species were not suitable under extensive management condition. ‘Putongjielucao’showed slow emergence,turfing difficulties,poor resistance and the worst integrated quality. To choose this species should be careful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phthorimaea operculella is an important quarantine pest. In this research, the effects of nicotine on the larval weight, pupa weight, and larval development duration of P. operculella were evaluated after continuous feeding with artificial diets containing plant allelochemicals nicotine from the second and third instars for five generations. The results showed that larval development was delayed and the growth of larval was significantly inhibited after nicotine treatment. Compared to the control, the inhibition rates of larval weight and pupal weight declined from 45 % to 20 % and 25 % to 4 %,32 % to 17 % and 28 % to 5 % after the 2nd instars and 3rd instars feeding with nicotine for five generations. Nicotine could delay the larval growth and development of P. operculella and showed more inhibited effect on the younger larvae. With increasing of generations, inhibition of nicotine was reduced to larval weight and pupal weight, and larval development period and the pest whole development period were shortened. This study showed that plant allelochemicals could affect the growth and development of the P. operculella,but P. operculella could realize self-regulation after a few generations by gradually increasing the adaptability of nicotine toxic substances and alleviating inhibition of toxic substances as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]