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Objective: To explore the relation of fear of missing out to social network site use and self-esteem in the college students. Methods: Totally 732 college students in Shandong Province were selected and tested with the Fear of Missing Out scale ( FoMOs), Social Network Site Intensity Scale ( SNSIS), and Self-Esteem Scale (SES). Results: The scores of FoMOs and SN SIS were higher in the urban college students than in the rural college students ( Ps < 0. 05). Regression analysis showed that after controlling the place of residence and grade, the interaction between social network site use and self-esteem negatively predicted the fear of missing out of college students ({3 = - 0. 02, P <0. 001) . A simple slope analysis showed that high self-esteem individuals ( B = 0. 22) could alleviate social network site use of fear of missing out, while low self-esteem individuals ( B = 0. 38) could improve the fear of missing out level in the use of social network site. Conclusion: It suggests that self-esteem may moderate the relationship between social network site use and fear of missing out in college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]