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光开关和可变光衰减器（VOA）是光通信系统中的关键器件,而微电子机械系统（MEMS）技术是一种具有发展前景的光开关技术。文章提出一种兼具VOA功能的1×2 MEMS光开关,详细介绍了其原理,并且利用矩阵光学推导了插入损耗的计算公式。在设计了透镜的各项参数的基础上制作出了光开关样品,并且将样品的测试结果与计算的结果进行对比分析,指出这种光开关是具有实用价值的。

Copyright of Foreign Literature Studies is the property of Foreign Literature Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chemical Engineering of Oil & Gas / Shi You Yu Tian Ran Qi Hua Gong is the property of PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science / Nongyaoxue Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was aimed to understand the biological characteristics, structure and function of Umcel-2 protein in rumen bacteria of Yunnan Gayal (Bas frontalis), and to elucidate the biological function of Umcel-2 protein in efficient degradation of cellulose in rumen bacteria of Gayal. Varieties of online software and tools were used for bioinformatics analysis of Umcel-2 protein. The results showed that the Umcel-2 protein with a molecular formula of C1983H2987N541O670S15 and a relative molecular mass of 4.56 kDa, which was a hydrophilic acidic stable protein localized in the cytoplasm without transmembrane regions and signal peptides. Umcel-2 protein had one conserved region pfam00150 and belonged to the glycoside hydrolase family 5, its secondary structure was mainly composed of α-helix and irregular curling, and its tertiary structure was of high homologous modeling quality and similar to that of aryl phosphoryl-β-Dglucosidase BglC. The Umcel-2 protein had three N-terminal glycosylation sites and 49 phosphorylation sites, and its active sites were composed of amino acids, such as glycine, serine, threonine, leucine and asparagine, which were conducive to improving its cellulase activity. The Phylogenetic tree analysis results showed that Umcel-2 protein was highly homologous to the cellulase protein of uncultured AEX97596.1 cellulase, showing the cellulase activity of endoglucanase and β -glucosidase. The study indicates that the bioinformatics analysis results predicts that the Umcel-2 protein of rumen bacterial had high cellulase activity, providing a reference for the in-depth study of the efficient cellulose degradation by rumen bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Inorganic Chemicals Industry is the property of Editorial Office of Inorganic Chemicals Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tianjin Medical Journal is the property of Tianjin Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the first successful use of oocyte cryopreservation and resuscitation, to obtain twin pregnancies, in 1986, oocyte cryopreservation has gradually become an intervention measure for iatrogenic ovarian dysfunction. In recent years, the number of patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) has shown an increasing trend, and the preservation of their fertility is receiving increasing attention. The iatrogenic influencing factors of DOR mainly include reproductive system surgery, tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy, etc. Oocyte cryopreservation is a first-line treatment option for fertility preservation, and its safety, applicability, utilization rate, and egg donation treatment in the clinical application of iatrogenic DOR patients have been confirmed by clinical data and relevant literature. However, the issues related to the timing of oocyte cryopreservation, limitations of clinical application and ethical policies cannot be ignored. Oocyte cryopreservation is of great significance for improving the pregnancy outcomes of unmarried patients with iatrogenic DOR and the reproductive autonomy of married patients. After clarifying the iatrogenic influencing factors of DOR, it is recommended to seek consultation from multiple disciplines such as oncology, gynecology and reproductive health as soon as possible to develop the personalized oocyte cryopreservation plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the popularity of anhydrous and oxygen-free glove boxes in chemical laboratories has been increasing. Glove boxes are widely used in organic synthesis, lithium battery manufacturing and research, OLED (organic light-emitting diode) encapsulation, and storage and packaging of reagents sensitive to water and oxygen. During the use and maintenance of glove boxes, many hazards are involved, such as strong reducing metal reagents, gas cylinders, and flammable waste. There are potential safety hazards that easily lead to accidents. This paper introduces safe operation methods of anhydrous and oxygen-free glove boxes and new management methods of glove boxes explored by the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Nanjing University. This college has pioneered the production of a video on the safe use of glove boxes and its application to safety training. It has also developed and implemented a method for the record of glove-box use and refreshed purification column materials. This method has achieved good operational results and can provide a reference for safety management of glove boxes in similar chemical laboratories both at home and abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Chinese Language Teaching is the property of Clifford Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrometallurgy of China is the property of Hydrometallurgy of China Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The functional recovery of patients after total knee arthroplasty is not ideal. Routine rehabilitation pays more attention to the rehabilitation of the tissue around the knee joint, but neglects the training of the abductor muscle of the hip. There is a correlation between hip abductor and limb function of patients with total knee arthroplasty, but the specific effect remains to be studied. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of hip abductor training on balance and walking function recovery in patients with total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: From March 2020 to May 2021, 60 patients with unilateral total knee arthroplasty from Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University were randomly divided into trial group (n=30) and control group (n=30). The control group received conventional treatment. The trial group received conventional treatment and hip abductor training. Hip abductor isokinetic muscle strength, knee function score, single leg stance, Timed Up and Go test, and threedimensional gait analysis were assessed in both groups before and 4 weeks after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The hip abductor isokinetic muscle strength was significantly higher in the trial group than that of the control group 4 weeks after treatment (P < 0.05). (2) At 4 weeks after treatment, Knee Society Score was significantly higher in the trial group than that of the control group (P < 0.05). (3) At 4 weeks after treatment, single leg stance time was significantly longer in the trial group than that in the control group; Timed Up and Go test time was significantly shorter in the trial group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). (4) At 4 weeks after treatment, the proportion of walking amplitude and affected side support phase was significantly better in the trial group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). (5) These findings have verified that early hip abductor training after total knee arthroplasty can increase hip abductor muscle strength and improve patients’ balance and walking function. However, its rehabilitation program and long-term efficacy still need further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology / Zhongguo Shipin Xuebao is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

目的 探讨肝细胞癌（HCC）组织小类泛素化修饰因子（SUMO）化修饰成员表达变化及其临床意义。方 法 选100 例份HCC组织石蜡标本或组织芯片标本及60例份癌旁大致正常肝组织石蜡标本，采用免疫组化 Envision 二步法检测 SUMO 化修饰成员阳性表达，包括 SUMO 家族蛋白（SUMO1、SUMO2/3), SUMO 化关键酶（SAE1, SAE2, UBC9、RanBp2）、PIAS 家族（PIAS1, PIAS2、PIAS3、PIAS4）、SENP家族（SENP1、SENP2, SENP3, SENP5, SENP6, SENP7）。比较HCC组织与癌旁正常肝组织SUMO化修饰成员阳性表达，并分析SUMO化修饰各成员阳性表达与患者 临床病理特征的关系。结果 HCC 组织 SUMO1 阳性表达率高于癌旁正常肝组织，SENP1、SENP2、SENP3、PIAS2、 PIAS4, SAE2 阳性表达率低于癌旁正常肝组织（P均<0. 05）；HCC组织与癌旁正常肝组织 SUMO2/3, SENP5、SENP6、 SENP7、PIAS1, PIAS3, SAE1, RanBp2, UBC9 阳性表达率比较差异均无统计学意义（P均>0. 05）。HCC患者Edmondson分 级Ⅲ、Ⅳ级SUMO1, UBC9, SENP6和SENP7阳性表达率均高于Edmondson分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级（P均<0. 05），其余SUMO家族 蛋白、SUMO化关键酶, PIAS家族SENP家族成员阳性表达与其余临床病理特征均无相关性（P均>0. 05). 结论 HCC 组织SUMO化修饰成员SUMO1表达上调, SENP1, SENP2, SENP3, PIAS2、PIAS4, SAE2 表达下调，其表达变化可能在 肝细胞癌变过程中具有重要作用；SUMO 化修饰成员 SUMO1, SENP6, SENP7, UBC9 阳性表达与 Edmondson 分级有 关，其表达变化可能在 HCC 演进过程中扮演重要角色。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Exports have promoted the rapid growth of China's economy, but they have also been accompanied by massive consumption of natural resources. Previous studies on China's exports mainly placed China in the global supply chain and studied China's virtual water consumption and value-added benefits in global trade. However, there are few studies on the unfair exchange between regional value-added benefits and virtual water consumption caused by China's exports. Based on the multi-regional input-output model (MRIO), this article estimated the export-driven inter-regional virtual water consumption and value-added benefits in China by using the water consumption data of various sectors and the multi-regional input-output table. The results showed that from 2002 to 2017, the value-added benefits from direct and indirect exports in the developed regions, such as the coastal regions, accounted for 74.25% of China' s total value-added benefits driven by exports, while the direct and indirect virtual water consumption due to exports only accounted for 55% of China's total virtual water consumption. The value-added benefits of all regions promoted by the direct exports of northwest and other underdeveloped regions accounted for 18.25% of China's export-driven value-added benefits, while the virtual water of all regions consumed by direct exports accounted for 28.5% of the virtual water consumed by China's exports. In the developed regions, such as the coastal regions, the consumption of virtual water per unit added value driven by exports was only 3~35 kg, while in the undeveloped regions, the consumption of virtual water per unit added value driven by exports was about 2.3 times that of developed regions, such as the coastal regions. In 2017, Zhejiang, one of the coastal provinces, benefited the most from added value and virtual water exchange in its export trade, outsourcing only 38% of its export-related value-added benefits to other regions, but transferring 62% of its export-related virtual water to other regions. In 2017, in the export of communication equipment, Guangdong obtained 81% of the export-related value-added benefits but consumed only 45% of the export-related virtual water. The northeastern and eastern coastal regions, as well as the southwestern and northwestern regions, consumed up to 43% of the export-related virtual water consumption and gained only 11% of the export-related value-added benefits. Therefore, the underdeveloped regions should accelerate the transformation of regional industrial structures, coordinate their development with the developed regions such as the coastal regions, and actively connect with China's opening-up strategy to promote the development of export trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nuclear Safety is the property of Nuclear & Radiation Safety Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Department of Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nuclear Safety is the property of Nuclear & Radiation Safety Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The normal metabolism of articular cartilage plays a key role in the function of synovial joint． Under adverse microenvironmental conditions of osteoarthritis ( OA) ，in order to maintain the energy homeostasis，the metabolism of the articular cartilage cells and other tissues of the joint experiences a transition from a relatively static to highly active state to maintain energy homeostasis． This phenomenon leads to an increase in metabolic intermediates for the biosynthesis of inflammatory and degradative proteins，which in turn activates key transcription factors and inflammatory signaling pathways involved in catabolic processes， promotes cartilage catabolism，and therefore accelerates the process of cartilage degeneration． Ｒecent studies have shown that aberrant metabolism plays an important role in inflammatory joint diseases， especially in OA． Many OA phenotypes are accompanied by dysfunction of joint tissue cell metabolism． This review focuses on aberrant metabolism in the pathogenesis of OA，and provides research ideas for exploring OA therapy and related mechanisms． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nursing of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To explore the distribution and expressive disciplinarian of GnRHR-1 in endometrial.Methods:Selected 100 cases of patients with female infertility who treated in our hospital from January 2015 to July 2016, after diagnostic curettage technique to obtain 50 cases of proliferative endometrium and 50 cases of secretory phase endometrium, and as the research group and the control group; Expression of GnRHR-II in two groups of endometrial stromal cells and glandular epithelium were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results: The distribution of GnRHR- in the endometrium of proliferative phase and secretory phase; The expression of GnRHR-II in endometrial stromal cells was significantly higher in the research group than in the control group, the gland epithelium was significantly lower than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The expression of GnRHR-II was expressed in the proliferative phase and secretory phase of endometrium, and the distribution of the membrane stromal cells and glandular epithelium, its distribution in expression changes in a certain degree with Endometrial Receptivity about, is expected to become the assessment of endometrial receptivity markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]