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为合理开发利用四川省凉山州德昌县的核桃资源，对该产地采摘的10种核桃及其油脂品质进行对比分析，检测了核桃横径、平均果质量、出仁率，核桃仁水分含量、粗脂肪含量、出油率，核桃油酸值、过氧化值和脂肪酸组成。结果表明：10种核桃的平均果质量为7.76~17.03 g，横径为29.60~48.17 mm，出仁率为40.76%~57.39%；核桃仁水分含量均低于5%，粗脂肪含量为57.54%~6926%；核桃油过氧化值与酸值均符合国标要求，脂肪酸组成以不饱和脂肪酸为主，棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸含量分别为5.25%~5.93%、2.17%~3.85%、27.32%~4450%、42.22%~57.13%和4.43%~6.44%。综合考虑各项因素，德昌37号、德昌7号和德昌11号更适合用于加工生产核桃油。 For the rational development and utilization of walnut resources in Dechang county, Liangshan prefecture, Sichuan province, 10 walnuts and their oil quality in Dechang county were compared and analyzed. The horizontal diameter, average fruit weight and kernel rate of walnut, moisture content and crude fat content, and oil yield of walnut kernel, acid value, peroxide value and fatty acid composition of walnut oil were determined. The results showed that the average fruit weight, horizontal diameter and kernel rate of 10 walnuts was 7.76-17.03 g, 29.60-48.17 mm and 40.76%-57.39% respectively; the moisture content of walnut kernel was all less than 5%; the crude fat content of walnut kernel was 5754%-69.26%; the peroxide value and acid value met the requirements of the national standard; the fatty acid composition was mostly unsaturated fatty acid, and the contents of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid were 5.25%-5.93%, 2.17%-3.85%, 27.32%-44.50%, 42.22%-57.13% and 443%-6.44% respectively. Considering all factors, Dechang 37, Dechang 7 and Dechang 11 are more suitable for processing and producing walnut oil.

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Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences / Chung-kuo ko Hsueh Yuan Yuan Kan is the property of Institutes of Science & Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The research on the dynamic hazard of debris flow with climate change is of great significance for designing disaster prevention and mitigation strategies due to the promotion of climate change to increase debris flow risk, in which the hazard assessment is a fundamental task for risk analysis and assessment of debris flows. Using the annual mean temperature and daily precipitation during 2021－2095,which was re established according to climate projection data from the Coupled Model Inter comparison Project phase 5(CMIP5),this article analyzed quantitatively the dynamic hazard response to climate change during the near(2021－2045),middle(2046－2070)and late term(2071－2095)of the 21st century in the Chuanxi plateau, respectively. The study showed that：(1)Com⁃ pared with the reference period(1981－2005),the annual mean temperature will increase in the next 75 years, and the warming rate will slow down at late term and be proportional to the height above sea level. The annual mean precipitation will also increase in the next 75 years, and slow down at late term, presenting the spatial distribution of "increasing in the east and decreasing in the west". The maximum daily precipitation and the number of rain⁃ storm days will gradually increase from the southeast to the northwest.(2)In reference period, the area with very high and high hazard accounts for 26.77%,mainly located in the alpine valley areas on the eastern Chuanxi plateau. Affected by climate change, the debris flow hazard will generally increase, especially in the west and north of Chuanxi plateau. The hazard level tends to upgrade to high hazard level on both banks of the major rivers in Ch⁃ uanxi plateau, such as the Jinsha River, the Dadu River, the Yalong River and so on, and the high altitude zones with lower hazard level will transform to higher hazard level. The finding that the zones with very low, low and moderate hazard level rarely will convert into the zones with high or very high hazard level shows that geological, topographic and hydrological conditions primarily control debris flow hazard compared with the impact of climate change on debris flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to investigate the effect of different levels of probiotics in diets on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes and excreta content of white father broilers. 300 one-day-old healthy white feather broilers with similar body weight （half in male and female） were randomly divided into three groups, with five replicates in each group and 20 broilers in each replicate. Broilers in control group （group T0） were fed with a basal diet, and broilers in experimental groups （group T1 and group T2） were fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.02% and 0.05% probiotics, respectively. The experiment lasted for 42 d. The results showed that compared with group T0, group T1 significantly increased body weight at 21 d, ADG at 1~21 d, ADFI at 22〜42 d （P<0.05）, significantly decreased F/G （P<0.05）. Compared with group T0, group T1 significantly increased the serum newcastle disease virus antibody titer （P<0.05）, extremely increased the serum H9 subtype avian influenza virus antibody titer （P<0.01）. Compared with group T0, group T1 significantly increased the content of serum ALB, TP and GLOB （P<0.05）. Compared with group T0, after 6~12 h of compound fecal fermentation, the H-S emission in compound fecal in group T1 was extremely decreased （P<0.01）, and after 24 h of fermentation, the H-S emission in compound fecal in group T1 was significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with group T0, group T1 and group T2 extremely reduced NH3 emission in compound excreta after 6 h fermentation （P<0.01）, group T1 extremely reduced NH3 emission in compound excreta after 12 h and 24 h fermentation （P<0.01）. The study indicates that adding 0.02% probiotics can effectively improve the growth 上 「 performance, antibody level and immunity of white brokers, and effective reduce the emission of hamfy gases in compound excreta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering / Paiguan Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to solve the problems of high cost, poor design and difficulty of data processing in students experiments at the actual platform, a new kind of a virtual wind tunnel experiment system is proposed based on FLUENT. The finite element software FLUENT is applied in the field of virtual experiments. Virtual wind tunnel experiment system is constructed by using C# and FLUENT. The system is based on the laboratory area network, divided into the service end and the client side. The service end used the high performance computation server. Its core function is making over all arrangements, reading Journal file by TUI method and calling the FLUENT software to compute. The core function of client side is amending the journal document according to the input data of students, analyzing data of the experiment by calling the Tec Plot software to read result files, and supporting the students finish the experiment report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the complexity, randomness and diversity of flood samples, this paper constructed the fuzzy projection pursuit clustering (FPPC) model which was combined with the fuzzy clustering iterative model and the projection pursuit technique. The model, for the first time, adopted a new projection index function formed by the standard deviation of projection value and the quadratic sum of Euclidean distance of projection value, which has a better validity to the clustering target and avoid the empirical selection of density window width. The FPPC model clusters the samples after reducing their dimension by projection technology, significantly not only reduces the fuzzy clustering iteration computation, but also improves the clustering accuracy and effect. In addition to the initial parameter of optimization algorithm, the model does not need to set any other parameters. Based on the assessment on the historical flood sample set and the comparison with other methods, this paper has verified the accuracy, objectivity, and validity of the FPPC model. The research results are expected to shed a light on making effective decisions for flood risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]