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As the quantity of space debris orbiting Earth to increases, the space harpoon has emerged as a promising solution for the removal of large space debris. By examining the characteristic properties of typically abandoned spacecraft, researchers have identified the final stage of a launch vehicle as an appropriate demonstration target for capture. To achieve this, a space harpoon with an integrated multi-level barbed structure was proposed and finite element dynamic simulations were conducted to study the anchoring effect of the space harpoon at different speeds. Subsequently, to simulate real-life conditions, the targets varying spin speeds were subjected and the harpoon's ability to anchor a moving target plate were analyzed. The results indicate that the optimal initial velocity for the space harpoon to effectively anchor the target plate is 70 m/ s, and moving targets can still be captured at this speed. Consequently, it can be conclude that using space harpoons to capture abandoned launch vehicles in orbit is feasible, and that the space harpoon capture method demonstrates low sensitivity to moving targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]