Objective: To analyze the expression characteristics of plasma miR-106 b and miR-146 a, and to analyze the correlation between miR-106 b and miR-146 a and electroencephalogram parameters, helper T cell 17(Th17) and apoptosis molecules, as well as their diagnostic value in epilepsy. Methods: A total of 75 children with epilepsy admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to October 2020 were selected as the epilepsy group. The expression of plasma miR-106 b and miR-146 a of the subjects were detected, the proportion of Th17 cells in peripheral blood, the levels of serum B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-1(Bcl-1), BCL2-Associated X protein(Bax), Survivin, cysteine asparaginase(Caspase-3) and electroencephalogram parameters α, β, δ, θ wave power were measured. The correlation between miR-106 b, miR-146 a and the proportion of Th17 cells, Bcl-1, Bax, Survivin, Caspase-3, α, β, δ, θ wave power were analyzed. The value of miR-106 b and miR-146 a in the diagnosis of epilepsy was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The expressions of plasma miR-106 b and miR-146 a, the proportion of Th17 cells, the levels of serum Bax and Caspase-3 in epilepsy group were higher than those in control group(P<0.05), and the α wave power, θ wave power, the levels of Bcl-1 and Survivin were lower than those in control group(P<0.05). The expression of miR-106 b and miR-146 a were positively correlated with the proportion of Th17 cells, Bax and Caspase-3(P<0.05), and negatively correlated with α wave power, θ wave power, Bcl-1 and Survivin(P<0.05). The area under curve(AUC) of combined miR-106 b and miR-146 a in the diagnosis of epilepsy was 0.975, which was higher than that of 0.884 and 0.835 of miR-106 b and miR-146 a alone. Conclusion: The expression of plasma miR-146 a and miR-106 b of children with epilepsy is increased, and the high expression of miR-146 a and miR-106 b are related to abnormal electroencephalogram, Th17 cell dysfunction and nerve cell apoptosis, miR-146 a and miR-106 b are expected to be new biomarkers for the diagnosis of epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]