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光纤中的随机散射现象凭借其在不同应用场景中的重要影响成为了一个非常热门的研究主题,但到目前为止,还没有理论方法能够准确描述光纤中散射现象的随机性及其影响。文章提出一种能够分析光纤散射现象随时间和散射点位置随机变化的较为准确的数值模型,并用该数值模型分析了分布式拉曼放大系统中的瑞利散射和自发拉曼散射噪声的频谱。之后,将仿真分析结果与现有模型的仿真分析结果和实验测量的结果进行了对比分析。文中模型计算得到的功率密度谱与实验结果误差在5dBc/Hz以内,而现有模型在高频区的误差往往>10dBc/Hz,说明文中结果与实际测量结果相比误差更小,证明了模型的准确性。文中模型可作为一种分析优化分布式光纤系统,特别是分析具有分布式光放大的系统的工具,例如具有双向拉曼放大的超长跨距光纤电力通信系统、光纤传感器系统以及光纤随机反馈激光器等。

肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球最常见的肝脏恶性肿瘤，肝切除、肝移植以及消融是早期HCC根治性的治疗方式。目前，我国大多数HCC患者确诊时已经处于疾病晚期，临床实践中以系统治疗为主。索拉非尼（sorafenib）和仑伐替尼（lenvatinib）作为国际公认的晚期HCC一线治疗方案。在亚洲地区，肝动脉灌注化疗（HAIC）也作为临床上晚期HCC的一线治疗；HAIC直接将抗肿瘤药物经导管注入至肝肿瘤供血血管，以获得较高的反应率和较明显的生存优势，降低了化疗药的全身毒副作用；然而，由于缺乏以全球人群作为研究对象的随机对照试验，HAIC尚无法在国际上广泛应用。本文中，我们将系统阐述目前HAIC应用于治疗晚期HCC的研究现状及临床适用人群，认为HAIC可作为晚期HCC的标准治疗方案之一，未来联合小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）及/或免疫治疗进一步提高晚期HCC患者的生存。

目的 评估成人烟雾病患者的认知水平及其在长期随访中的变化，并探讨成人烟雾病患者认知功能下降的影响因素。 方法 采用前瞻性队列研究设计，连续纳入2015年1月—2016年6月海军军医大学第一附属医院脑血管病中心收治的成人烟雾病患者64例，其中42例接受血流重建术（联合血流重建术16例、间接血流重建术26例）治疗，22例未接受手术治疗。收集所有患者的基线资料，并使用MoCA评估患者基线、短期[（6±1）个月]随访、长期[（10±1）年]随访时的认知功能，采用9条目患者健康问卷（patient health questionnaire-9，PHQ-9）和7条目广泛性焦虑障碍（generalized anxiety disorder-7-item，GAD-7）量表评估患者的情绪状态。分析所有患者以及接受不同治疗患者在短期随访和长期随访中的认知功能和情绪状态变化。采用可靠变化指数（reliable change index，RCI）判断是否存在功能下降，计算公式为RCIMoCA=（X2-X1）/标准差（standard deviation，SD），将RCIMoCA＜-1定义为认知功能下降。采用二元logistic回归模型探讨成人烟雾病患者长期认知功能下降的独立影响因素。 结果 共53例患者完成长期随访，其中接受联合血流重建术治疗患者13例，接受间接血流重建术治疗患者22例，未接受手术者18例。整体人群3个随访时期MoCA评分趋于稳定（P=0.694）：接受联合血流重建术[21（18～25）分 vs. 19（17～24）分，P=0.035]和间接血流重建术[20（17～22）分 vs. 19（16～22）分，P=0.047]治疗的患者短期随访MoCA评分有改善，但长期随访相对基线趋于稳定；未手术患者短期随访MoCA评分无明显下降，长期随访较基线有下降[（15（11～24）分 vs. 18（14～26）分，P=0.039]。随着时间的延长，成人烟雾病患者的认知功能恶化有加重趋势，而焦虑、抑郁状态有好转趋势。长期随访认知功能下降组与未下降组之间的手术治疗比例差异有统计学意义（P=0.037），但logistic回归分析未发现手术治疗是其独立影响因素（P＞0.05）。 结论 在长期随访中，成人烟雾病患者认知功能大致保持稳定，焦虑、抑郁状态趋于好转。血流重建术可能对维持长期认知稳定有积极作用，但仍需扩大样本量进一步明确。 Abstract: Objective To assess the cognitive function of adult patients with Moyamoya disease (MMD) and the changes during long-term follow-up, and to explore the influencing factors of cognitive decline in adult patients with MMD. Methods A prospective cohort study was used to continuously include 64 adult patients with MMD admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from January 2015 to June 2016, of whom 42 patients underwent revascularization (16 patients underwent combined revascularization and 26 patients underwent indirect revascularization), and 22 patients did not receive surgical treatment. Baseline characteristics of all patients were collected, and cognitive function was assessed by the MoCA at baseline, short-term [(6±1) months] follow-up, and long-term [(10±1) years] follow-up. Emotional status was assessed by patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and generalized anxiety disorder-7-item (GAD-7). The changes in cognitive function and emotional status were analyzed in all patients, as well as in patients receiving different treatment approaches, during short- and long-term follow-ups. The reliable change index (RCI) was used to determine whether there was a decline in function with the following formula: RCIMoCA= (X2-X1) /standard deviation (SD). It was defined as cognitive decline when RCIMoCA＜-1. The binary logistic regression model was used to explore the independent influencing factors of long-term cognitive decline in adult patients with MMD. Results A total of 53 patients completed the long-term follow-up, including 13 patients who underwent combined revascularization, 22 patients who underwent indirect revascularization, and 18 patients who did not undergo surgery. The MoCA scores of the overall population tended to stabilize during the long-term follow-up period (P=0.694). Patients who underwent combined revascularization [21 (18-25) points vs. 19 (17-24) points, P=0.035] and indirect revascularization [20 (17-22) points vs. 19 (16-22) points, P=0.047] showed improvement in MoCA scores at short-term follow-up, but tended to stabilize relative to baseline at long-term follow-up. There was no significant decrease in MoCA scores in patients who did not undergo surgery at short-term follow-up, but there was a decrease in MoCA scores compared with baseline at long-term follow-up [15 (11-24) points vs. 18 (14-26) points, P=0.039]. Over time, the cognitive function of adult patients with MMD tended to worsen, while the anxiety and depression status tended to improve. There was a significant difference in the proportion of surgical treatment between the two groups with and without cognitive decline during the long-term follow-up (P=0.037), but logistic regression did not find it as an independent influencing factor (P>0.05). Conclusions During long-term follow-up, the cognitive function of adult patients with MMD generally remain stable, and the anxiety and depression status tends to improve. Revascularization may have a positive effect on maintaining long-term cognitive stability, and future studies with larger sample sizes are needed.

文章综述了几种常用的铌酸锂波导的制作工艺,包括表面外扩散、金属内扩散、离子交换和质子交换,并分析、比较和总结了在不同工艺制作的条件下对铌酸锂光波导的性能造成的不同影响。目前,获得高质量光波导的主要途径是Ti扩散和质子交换。同时,文章对逐渐建立起的铌酸锂波导光学特性和结构特性之间的理论关系也进行了介绍。

传统的网络编解码算法需要进行线性运算,只适合在电域中实现。而当前全光器件的发展已经能够实现逻辑运算和移位操作。为了将网络编码引入到全光组播网络当中,文章研究了生成网络编码组播树的算法,以及适合于光网络编码的编码向量选取方法,并对所提出的算法进行了仿真分析。结果表明,将网络编码应用于全光组播中能够显著提高组播性能。

【目的】在活体上观察多极射频消融电极展开不同直径、消融时间与组织坏死的关系，并评价消融区域组织坏死程度，分别了解在近胆囊和结肠肝曲部位肝脏消融对胆囊和结肠的影响。【方法】家猪6只，体质量（47±2．5）kg。静脉麻醉，每肝内分为5个位点进行射频消融。其中2组将消融电极展开到3cm。每组5个点分别行5min和10min消融，包括距离胆囊床（5±1）mm，行10min射频消融；距离结肠肝曲（5±1）mm处，行10min射频消融，并观察消融结果。另3组电极展开到5cm，每组5个点分别行5min、10min和15min组织间消融。【结果】消融电极展开到3cm行5min治疗组。5个点局部消融区域组织达到完全坏死；10min×5min消融治疗坏死范围相似。大体病理上消融相邻区域胆囊。结肠未见有坏死，镜下病理显示胆囊壁、结肠周围有慢性炎症并有纤维增生表现。消融电极展开到5cm。5min消融组织间有活性成分。15min，10min均可保证消融区域完全坏死。【结论】可根据需要调整多极消融电极展开大小，在肝内接近胆囊区域、结肠肝曲部位消融安全，可发挥较好的作用。

A fairly high breakage rate can often occur in the cold-chain logistics of fresh eggs. In this study, the compression and freshness detection were designed for fresh eggs, with the storage temperature of the eggs and the coating material on the surface as the main parameters, and the storage time as the boundary conditions. The results demonstrated that the temperature of 2-8 ℃ retarded the rottenness of eggs for better pressure resistance. Whether at room temperature or low temperature, the relative elastic deformation with time was maintained at a high value. There was a small variation in the type of coating agent. The rottenness of eggs after coating was decelerated at room temperature. While the pressure resistance of eggs was improved to compromise at 2-8 ℃. Both the coating agent and the low temperature were superimposed to slow down the decrease of its freshness. A professional experimental group was organized to conduct the sensory scoring on different groups of eggs under various storage times. The Huff unit value and sensory scoring were similar to each other. Therefore, the freshness of fresh eggs decreased with the extension of storage time. After 14 days of storage, a small amount of egg contents were solidified in the non-coated group of eggs stored at 2 ℃. The sensory scores of the group were lower during that time period. A comprehensive evaluation model was established for the parameters of the cold-chain transportation using the analytic hierarchy process, particularly with the ultimate load, the relative elastic deformation, the Haugh unit value, and the sensory score of eggs as the decision-making indicators. The relative importance of each index was ranked to determine the importance discrimination matrix. The weights were calculated corresponding to each decision index, thus reflecting the importance of the decision index to the final. Four decision indicators were ranked in descending order of the Hough unit value, sensory score, ultimate load, and relative elastic deformation, according to the priority. The optimal parameters were achieved in the coldchain logistics temperature and the coating material for different transportation durations as follows. In the cold-chain logistics duration of 0-4 days, the transportation temperature was at 2 ℃ with no paints applied; In the duration of 4 -7 days, the transportation temperature was 5 ℃, with the chitosan solution chosen as the paints. In the duration of 7-10 days, the transportation temperature was selected at 2℃ with the polyvinyl alcohol solution chosen as the paint. For the duration of 10 to 14 days, the transportation temperature was 5 ℃ with no paints applied. The quality of stored eggs was generally better at low temperatures than that at room temperature. The coated eggs at room temperature were generally better than the uncoated eggs. While the coated eggs at low temperature were less than the uncoated eggs. The coating layer protected the eggs to reduce the damage from the external physical collisions in the cold-chain logistics of a short or medium distance, indicating the less rottenness of eggs. However, the coating layer on the eggs failed to protect them in the process of long-term cold-chain transportation. The coating layer deteriorated and even fell off in the low-temperature environment for a long time, leading to less pressure resistance and maintenance of the egg quality. The findings can provide theoretical support for the cold-chain logistics of fresh eggs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Imbibition has gradually become a crucial mechanism for enhancing oil recovery in unconventional and low-permeability fractured reservoirs. The existence of a large number of fractures and the development of small pores provide favorable conditions for imbibition. This paper categorizes the imbibition mode based on the contribution of capillary force and gravity to imbibition. It elaborates in detail on the impact laws and mechanisms of factors such as reservoir type, pore permeability properties, boundary conditions, and fluid (including crude oil and infiltration liquids) properties on infiltration focuses on various factors that affect infiltration, and summarizes various experimental methods currently used to study infiltration. Finally, based on the progress in imbibition research, we discuss and look forward to the research prospects in selecting experimental conditions, the influence of clay hydration, optimising interfacial tension, and determining imbibition patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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67 million hectares of high-standard farmland has been constructed in China by the end of 2022. The production quality and capacity of these farmland need to be upgraded after long-time utilization, low investment, and disaster damage. The next construction is required for the food security. However, there is seldom report so far. This study aims to optimize the projects and then upgrade the high-standard farmland using TOPSIS and coupling coordination degree. Taking the Laoling City, Shandong Province as the research area, 87.93% of field was built into the high-standard farmland from 2013 to 2022. The evaluation index system was constructed from three aspects: construction foundation, fertility quality and water resource utilization. 14 indicators were contained, such as farmland area, building time, cost input, road accessibility, field breakage degree, soil organic matter, soil P, soil K, salinity degree, soil texture, water quantity, pond density, ditch density and water system connectivity. Furthermore, 57 688.44 hm² high-standard farmland from 950 administrative villages were taken as the evaluation unit to realize the implicative construction. The AHP and TOPSIS analysis were chosen to evaluate the current situation as functional effectiveness of facilities, potential to arable land productivity and sustainable utilization of water resources. The production capacity of farmland was also evaluated to determine the coupling coordination degree for the cooperativity among three aspects. The upgrading project areas were delimited using the cooperativity index and spatial patterns. The results show that: 1) The construction foundation was relatively superior in the southwest and eastern regions, while the weak performance distributed mainly in the south and central regions. High fertility areas were accounted for a small proportion of 14.46% in the central, southern and northeast regions. Water resources presented a trend of high in the central region and low in the northern and southern regions. 2) The coupling coordination index of the three dimensions were ranged from 0.41 to 0.85. The high values were clustered in the southwest, east and northeast, whereas, the low values were in the south and northwest, and the median cross-distributed in the central and southern regions. 3) According to the coupling coordination degree index, the information and pertinency target, the evaluation units were broadly classified as near-term, midterm and long-term construction sequences, where the areas of each period were 8633.23, 11004.64 and 9102.62 hm², respectively. According to spatial pattern, three sequences were divided into 12 upgrading projects with the average stage of 4 projects. Different obstruction factors were optimized to improve the quality and efficiency of each project, in term of water source security, facilities, fund integration, land capacity and structural improvement. The construction quality and operation period of high-standard farmland were considered to balance the land use with productivity degradation. The optimal configuration was achieved under the constraint of water resources, following the principle of coordination and adaptation to local conditions. Thus the finding can also provide a strong reference to select the priority areas for the high-standard farmland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Storage & Process is the property of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Science and technological advancements drive human progress, with laboratory animals serving as essential resources for developments in life sciences and medicine. However, the waste generated by these animals presents new challenges for urban management. Issues such as classification, recycling, effective utilization, and biohazard elimination must be addressed, necessitating the development of regulations, standards, and norms to keep pace with advancements. The construction of quality management system is the foundation and framework for the management of inspection and testing organizations. It should have strong operability and inspectability, enabling continuous improvement of the management level and enhancing the stability of basic management. However, current quality management systems often lack clarity in managing laboratory animal waste, including undefined disposal processes for non-medical institutions, inaccurate waste classification, and inadequate disposal methods for different waste categories. This paper addresses these challenges by identifying necessary processes to be added or removed in the quality management system of National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, developing effective SOPs, proposing practical measures to strengthen supervision and management, and integrating 6S management principles into our quality management system. In conclusion, effective management of laboratory animal waste should be centered on improving the quality management system, emphasizing waste classification and management at the source, controlling biological hazards, minimizing environmental pollution and promoting conditions for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Pathophysiology is the property of Jinan University, School of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Pathophysiology is the property of Jinan University, School of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Systems Engineering & Electronics is the property of Journal of Systems Engineering & Electronics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arid Land Geography is the property of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Edulis Fungi is the property of Acta Edulis Fungi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)