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This study investigated 374 typical villages located in different climatic zones. It also analyzed and explained the characteristics of rural greening and beautification modes to provide ideas for building beautiful and livable rural environments while realizing the goals of rural revitalization and development. The study used SPSS software to group homogeneous clusters of rural greening and beautification patterns, then it analyzed the dominant mode and identified the dominant homogeneous clusters in each climate zone using a classification program based on the principle of the natural breakpoint method written in Python. Ten groups of typical models of rural greening and beautification were obtained along with the fundamental model composition, model characteristics, and climate zone distribution characteristics related to the climate zone of the village. The modes of village settlement and surrounding greening and beautification were higher than that of village-wide greening. The greening and beautification of village settlements mainly include surrounding greening and residential courtyard landscaping. Village-wide greening primarily targets commercial forests and fruit trees, tourism gardens, and rural tourism. Greening and beautification measures in humid and semi-humid areas are dominated by forest landscaping and construction, protection of ancient and famous trees, rural parks and leisure green space construction, roadside and water greening. In contrast, in the arid and semi-arid areas and plateau climate areas, these measures dominantly target economic forest and fruit trees, tourism gardens, and rural tourism. On this basis, this paper summarizes the characteristics of rural greening and beautification modes in typical villages in the major climate zones of China under the guidance of four functions：settlement living environment, blue-green space, characteristic agriculture and forestry industry, and rural tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the rapid urbanization and industrialization, the risk of natural disasters in cities is increasingly exposed, especially the issue of rain-induced flood has become increasingly prominent. In view of the rain-induced flood that has occurred in Gongyi City in recent years, a study on the risk of rain-induced flood in Gongyi City has been carried out in order to provide a scientific basis for the city's disaster prevention and mitigation work. Based on the natural disaster risk assessment theory, this paper built a rain-induced flood risk model with the risk of disaster factors, the risk of disaster-pregnant environment, the vulnerability of disaster-bearing bodies and the ability to prevent and reduce disasters as evaluation indicators. Starting from the above, a total of 14 index factors were selected for quantitative analysis, and the SCS model (Soil Conservation Service) and GIS spatial analysis functions were used to finally obtain the comprehensive risk zoning map of rain and flood disasters in Gongyi City. The results show that Mihe Town, Huiguo Town, Zhitian Town and Xiaoyi Sub-District of Gongyi City are more dangerous. The risk of pregnancy in disaster environment in the north, west and east areas include Heluo Town, Xiaoyi Sub-District, Huiguo Town, Zhitian Town and Mihe Town is higher. The disaster-bearing bodies in the western and central parts are more vulnerable, including Huiguo Town, Zhitian Town and Zhanjie Town. The overall disaster prevention and mitigation capacity of the north is strong, including Zhanjie Town and Zijing Sub-District. In general, the overall risk level of rain-induced flood in Gongyi City is relatively higher, and the high-risk areas are mainly distributed in a belt-like structure in the north-central and western regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]