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Copyright of Biology Teaching is the property of East China Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective ： To analyze the application of traditional Chinese herbal decoction pieces (T C H D P s) used by Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University，so as to provide solid evidence for rational use of T C H D P s . Methods ： A total of 12 000 T C H D P s prescriptions randomly chosen from the prescription data recorded from June 2015 to M a y 2017 in Huashan Hospital HIS system, with 500 descriptions in each month，were used as research subjects or targets . Access Software was used to compare the categories of T C H D P s with those listed in the Pharmacopoeia of the People，s Republic of China (2015 ed，Volume 1), and to analyze the dosage，use frequency and over-dose medication of T C H D P s in clinical practice . Results ： In the 24 months，468 kinds of T C H D P s were sampled . By the ranking order of total dosage of each decoction piece prescription， the top 5 were Astragcdi Radix，Scutellariae Radix， Forssythiae Fructus，Coicis Semen and Lycii Fructus . By the ranking order of use frequency，the top 5 were Gljcjrrhizae Radixet Et Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix，Astragali Radix，Citri Retic ulatae Pericarpium and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos . W h e n classified by medication efficacy，tonify deficiency Qi medicine ranked the first and heat-clearing medicine ranked the second in the top 10 most frequently used decoction pieces . Of the top 30 decoction piece prescriptions in the term of use frequency，there existed an over-dose medication to various extents，accounting for 36. A2% . Of all these，the top 3 decoction pieces with over-do sage were Bis tor toe Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus and Curcumae Rhizoma. Conclusion: In the hospital, there existed the problems of over-dose medication of tonify deficiency Qi medicine and heat-clearing medicine . For this reason，clinical application of T C H D P s should be further standardized，so as to ensure rational and effective use of T C H D P s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to get the impact of taxi-hailing mobile apps, found the laws between taxi-hailing mobile apps and passengers, waiting time, considered influence to drivers who used taxi-hailing mobile apps for search passengers calling taxi with taxi-calling mobile apps, this paper established mixed stochastic user equilibrium model for taxi-calling mobile apps based on variable demand, and proved its equivalence and uniqueness of the model. Then, combined with waiting time of the passengers, empty time of the drivers and the reliability, it designed a solved algorithm by MSA algorithm and Dial algorithm. Finally, it used an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and algorithm. 'Hie results show that under different demand elasticity, whether the use of taxi software will have a significant difference in the waiting time and waiting time reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone is a dynamic structure maintaining the constant activities of osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption， which is a process called remodeling. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） are well recognized for playing a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species on the bone remodeling．Recent studies have demonstrated that ROS generation is a key modulator of bone cell function and that oxidative status influences the pathophysiology of mineralized tissues．The paper aims to review the current literature on the crucial role of oxidative stress in the bone remodeling，the contribution of ROS to the aging associated disease of osteoporosis. How targeting ROS may lead to the development of novel therapeutic treatment options． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]