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The hosts could show complex and diverse immune responses to the allografts. Whether biomarkers can be employed to explain the complexity of graft immune responses and the degree of disease damage are of significance. Conventional biomarkers, such as estimated glomerular filtration rate and blood concenrtation of immunosuppressant, lack of sensitivity and specificity in accurately identifying between immune and non-immune renal allograft injuries. Although renal biopsy is the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of postoperative complications, it still has disadvantages, such as invasiveness and high price, etc. Emerging biomarkers have potential advantages in the non-invasive diagnosis of subclinical injury of renal allograft, prediction of treatment response and individualized adjustment of immunosuppressive regimen. In this article, emerging biomarkers including blood, urine and tissue biomarkers that have been applied and are expected to be applied in clinical practice in the field of kidney transplantation were reviewed, and the range of application and effect of these biomarkers were evaluated, aiming to promote appropriate and rational application of these promising emerging biomarkers in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kidney transplantation is the most efficacious treatment for end-stage renal failure. Although the shortterm survival and functional recovery of the kidney graft have been significantly improved, the long-term survival of the kidney graft remains to be enhanced. Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) caused by immune factors are still the most critical causes of kidney graft failure. In this article, the immune risk assessment and monitoring of kidney transplant recipients during the awaiting period, before and after kidney transplantation were reviewed. Through the evaluation of preexisting human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies and non-HLA antibodies, HLA matching, lymphocytotoxicity cross-matching and immune memory cells in the recipients before kidney transplantation, programmed biopsy of the伈dney graft of the recipients after kidney transplantation and monitoring of HLA antibodies, non-HLA antibodies and donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA), individualized immunosuppressive treatment and monitoring regimes could be established, and the incidence of rejection could be prevented, timely detected and diagnosed. According to the immune monitoring results, ineffective treatment or over-treatment could be avoided, thereby improving the long-term survival of kidney graft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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为了进一步规范肾移植围手术期处理操作技术，中华医学会器官移植学分会组织器官移植学专家 从肾移植术后一般监护与处理，受者液体管理与相关并发症的处理，受者电解质、酸碱代谢管理等方面，制订肾 移植围手术期处理操作技术规范。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

为了进一步规范肾移植尸体供者的选择和评估操作，中华医学会器官移植学分会组织器官移植学 专家从肾移植尸体供者的选择和评估等方面，制订本规范，以期指导临床对肾移植尸体供者进行科学、合理和有 针对性的评估。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

为了进一步规范尸体供肾体外机械灌注冷保存技术的临床应用，中华医学会器官移植学分会组织 器官移植学专家在《中国公民逝世后器官捐献供肾体外低温机械灌注保存应用专家共识（2016 版）》的基础上， 从 LifePort 的材料准备和应用流程、LifePort 的参数设置、改善 LifePort 转运供肾灌注参数的方法、LifePort 在供 肾质量评估中的应用、LifePort 应用注意事项等方面，制订本规范。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the effect of the preservation of the donor kidneys from donation after cardiac death (DCD) and expanded criteria donor (ECD) by donor kidney pulse perfusion storage transporter (LifePort) on the postoperative recovery of renal function in recipients undergoing renal transplantation. Methods Perioperative clinical data of 466 donors (DCD+ECD) and 882 recipients undergoing renal transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. According to different approaches of kidney preservation, bilateral kidneys of 309 DCD donors were randomly divided into the LifePort group (DCD-LP, n=309) and DCD cold storage group (n=309). All the bilateral kidneys of 132 ECD donors were stored and transported by LifePort and assigned into the ECD-LP group (n=264). The postoperative overall condition, early postoperative renal function indexes and postoperative complications of the recipients were observed among three groups. The pathological findings of renal puncture before renal transplantation were observed in donor kidneys. The LifePort perfusion parameters of the donor kidney were compared between the recipients with and without delayed graft function (DGF) after renal transplantation. Results Compared with the DCD cold storage group, the length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the DCD-LP and ECD-LP groups (both P<0.05). The survival rate of the recipients was 100% in three groups. The survival rate of the donor kidney was 99.7%, 100% and 99.2% in the DCD cold storage, DCD-LP and ECD-LP groups, respectively. No statistical difference was observed among three groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the DCD cold storage group, the incidence of DGF was significantly lower in the DCD-LP and ECD-LP groups (both P<0.05). Early postoperative renal function, the incidence of acute rejection, infection and surgical complications did not significantly differ among three groups (all P>0.05). Pathological examination demonstrated that usage of LifePort perfusion could significantly mitigate the edema, degeneration and necrosis of renal tubules. In the recipients with DGF, the LifePort perfusion resistance index of donor kidney was significantly higher, whereas the LifePort perfusion volume of donor kidney was considerably lower than those without DGF (both P<0.05). Conclusions LifePort can effectively improve the quality of the donor kidney from DCD and ECD in vitro, reduce the incidence of postoperative DGF, promote the recovery of transplanted kidney function and predict the postoperative recovery during the maintenance and evaluation of the isolated kidney. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the role of small intestinal submucosa (SIS) in promoting the proliferation and vascularization of umbilical vein endothelial cells (UVECs) in vitro. Methods UVECs were isolated by collagenase digestion method, and then cultured and identified by morphology and immunofluorescence. SIS was prepared by tissue engineering technique; then its components were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. The co-culture system of UVECs and SIS was established; UVECs cultured alone were set as the control group. The proliferation and vascularization of UVECs were compared between the two groups. Results Immunohistochemical test showed that the prepared SIS was mainly composed of the extracellular matrix components type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagens. The concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factors (b-FGF) in SIS incubation solution detected by ELISA were (48.83±5.67)ng/mL and (72.36±8.71)ng/mL, respectively. When cultured in vitro, there were angiogenesis and high cell density in UVECs and SIS co-cultured group than in UVECs cultured alone group. Growth curve of UVECs obtained by UVECs count showed that the proliferation ability of UVECs in UVECs and SIS co-cultured group was higher than that in the cultured alone group. Growth curve of UVECs showed at days 4 and 5 of logarithmic phase, UVECs count in UVECs and SIS co-cultured group was (7.91±0.42)×104 and (9.15±0.48)×104, while that in the UVECs cultured alone group was (4.26±0.27)×104 and (6.71±0.31)×104(P<0.01). Population doubling time of UVECs in UVECs and SIS co-cultured group was shorter than that in the UVECs cultured alone group (P< 0.01). Conclusion SIS can promote the proliferation and vascularization of UVECs in vitro by its extracellular matrix components type I and III collagens, and its components VEGF and b-FGF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For preparation of vascularized islets, to isolate and culture human adipose derived stem cells, investigate the role of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) in promoting the proliferation and vascularization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) co-cultured in vitro, and explore its mechanism. Methods ADSCs and HUVECs were isolated by collagenase digestion method, then cultured, and identified by morphology, immunofluorescence or multi-directional differentiation. The co-culture system of ADSCs and HUVECs was established, HUVECs cultured alone were set up for control group. The proliferation, vascularization and concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) in the supernatant were compared between the two groups. Results The third generational ADSCs had uniform long spindle fiberous morphology and multi-directional differentiational function. Immunofluorescence test of surface antigens on ADSCs revealed CD44/CD49d(+), CD31/CD34(-), on HUVECs CD31/vWF(+). High vascular density was found when co-cultured in Matrigel of ADSCs and HUVECs than alone of HUVECs. Growth curve shown at days 3, 4 and 5 of the logarithmic phase, HUVECs count in co-culture group of ADSCs and HUVECs was (4.52±0.31)×104, (7.18±0.45)×104, and (8.23±0.36)×104 under indirect co-culture condition, while that in individual HUVECs group was (2.71±0.25)×104, (4.87±0.26)×104, and (6.86±0.33)×104 (P<0.01). Population doubling time of HUVECs was shorter in co-culture group than in individual group. Also, the OD value of HUVECs was higher in co-culture group than in individual group when cultured at days 1, 3, 5 and 7 (P<0.01). When cultured at days 3, 7 and 13, the concentration of VEGF and b-FGF in the supernatant was higher in co-culture group than in individual group (P<0.01). Conclusion ADSCs can promote the proliferation and vascularization of HUVECs in vitro co-culture conditions by secreting or increasing the HUVECs secretion of VEGF and b-FGF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the relationship between the distribution frequency of matching human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus and the long-term survival of recipients after kidney transplantation. Methods The HLA locus of kidney transplantation patients was analyzed by HLA serologic classification method. The distribution frequency of matching HLA locus of recipients which survived more than 10 years was compared with that of recipients which survived less than 10 years. Results For HLA matching locus of 490 recipients who had lived more than 10 years，HLA A2，B5，B35 and DR9 had significantly higher frequencies than those of 259 recipients who survived less than 10 years. On the other hand，HLA B13 and B46 had a significantly lower frequency than that of recipients who survived less than 10 years (P<0.05). Conclusion HLA A2，B5， B35 and DR9 matching may be conducive to the long-term survival of recipients after kidney transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to long-term use of immunosuppressive agents, solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) belong to high-risk populations of multiple pathogenic infection, including SARS-CoV-2. In addition, SOTR are constantly complicated by chronic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, etc. After infected with SARS-CoV-2, the critically ill rate and fatality of SOTR are higher than those of the general population, which captivates widespread attention from experts in the field of organ transplantation. Omicrone variant is currently the significant pandemic strain worldwide, rapidly spreading to more than 100 countries worldwide and causing broad concern. According to the latest international guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and relevant expert consensus in China combined with current domestic situation of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and China’s “diagnosis and treatment regimen for SARS-CoV-2 infection (Trial Version 10)”, the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and prognosis, diagnosis, clinical classification and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection were briefly reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

公民逝世后器官捐献正逐渐成为我国器官移植的主要器官来源。公民逝世后器官捐献供肾受多种不稳定因素影响，其质量不能得到有效的保障，导致公民逝世后器官捐献移植肾术后原发性无功能和移植物功能延迟恢复的发生率较高。因此，提高术前评估水平、改善供肾质量、降低术后早期并发症发生率是公民逝世后器官捐献肾移植重点要解决的问题。本文针对目前公民逝世后器官捐献供肾的两种常用评估方法———术前供肾活组织检查和机械灌注，及改善供肾质量的方法———体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）进行述评，介绍其研究进展。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the characteristics of adverse drug event (ADE) related to tacrolimus (Tac) in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients. Methods The data were retrieved from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database from the first quarter of 2004 to the second quarter of 2023. The ADE data of pediatric organ transplant recipients with Tac as the primary suspected drug were extracted. The relationship between Tac and ADE was quantitatively analyzed by proportional imbalance method. Basic characteristics and signal strength of ADE related to Tac were analyzed. ADE related to Tac in children of different ages and different types of organ transplantation were analyzed. Results A total of 1 443 children's ADE reports involving Tac were screened, including 188 cases (13.0%) of heart transplantation, 668 cases (46.3%) of liver transplantation, 531 cases (36.8%) of kidney transplantation and 56 cases (3.9%) of lung transplantation. The median age of children was 10 years old. The top three countries with ADE reporting were the United States, France and the United Kingdom. China reported 26 cases, accounting for 1.8%. Infection and infectious diseases accounted for the highest proportion (20.96%) in ADE related to Tac, including EB virus and cytomegalovirus infection, etc. Infection and infectious diseases occupied the largest proportion of ADE related to Tac in children of different ages, whereas the pathogen types were different. Rejection, unstable immunosuppression level and renal function damage were also common ADE related to Tac in children of all ages. Nervous system disease was the main ADE in heart transplant recipients, while infection and infectious diseases were more common in liver and kidney transplant recipients. Rejection was the most common ADE in lung transplant recipients.Conclusions ADE related to Tac possess different distribution characteristics in different types of organ transplantation. Extensive attention should be paid to individualized drug monitoring and risk assessment in pediatric organ transplant recipients, thereby optimizing Tac treatment and reducing the risk of ADE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is often associated with organ donation and renal transplantation, which leads to an increase of fatality rate, hospitalization time and hospitalization costs. In recent years, studies have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to AKI, but the exact molecular biological mechanism has not been clarified, which need more research. In this article, the role of ferroptosis in AKI was reviewed from the aspects of ferroptosis related biomarkers and biological reactions, in order to find a new possible direction for the prevention and treatment of AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long-term survival and quality of life of liver transplant recipients largely depend on long-term health management and immunosuppression regimen after surgery. Long-term use of immunosuppressants may lead to severe complications, such as kidney injury, metabolic diseases and new malignant tumors, and even increase the risk of liver cancer recurrence after liver transplantation. At present, common immunosuppressive regimens in liver transplant recipients are delivered based on calcineurin inhibitor (CNI). However, renal toxicity, neurotoxicity and increased tumor recurrence caused by CNI have significantly affected clinical prognosis of the recipients. In recent years, the dosage of CNI has been gradually reduced and alternative drugs have been explored. Recently, the use of immunosuppressive regimens based on mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi) has been gradually increased. Multiple domestic and international guidelines have provided guidance on the use of mTORi in liver transplant recipients. China Organ Transplantation Development Foundation organized experienced transplant experts in China, combined with published guidelines, consensus and research progress at home and abroad and solicited extensive opinions to jointly formulate this expert consensus, aiming to provide reference for liver transplant clinicians in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To identify M1 macrophage-related genes in rejection after kidney transplantation and construct a risk prediction model for renal allograft survival. Methods GSE36059 and GSE21374 datasets after kidney transplantation were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GSE36059 dataset included the samples from the recipients with rejection and stable allografts. Using this dataset, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential analysis were conducted to screen the M1 macrophage-related differentially expressed gene (M1-DEG). Then, GSE21374 dataset (including the follow-up data of graft loss) was divided into the training set and validation set according to a ratio of 7∶3. In the training set, a multivariate Cox’s model was constructed using the variables screened by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and the ability of this model to predict allograft survival was evaluated. CIBERSORT was employed to analyze the differences of infiltrated immune cells between the high-risk group and low-risk group, and the distribution of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-related genes was analyzed between two groups. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to further clarify the biological process and pathway enrichment in the high-risk group. Finally, the database was employed to predict the microRNA (miRNA) interacting with the prognostic genes. Results In the GSE36059 dataset, 14 M1-DEG were screened. In the GSE21374 dataset, Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8), Fc gamma receptor 1B (FCGR1B), BCL2 related protein A1 (BCL2A1), cathepsin S (CTSS), guanylate binding protein 2(GBP2) and caspase recruitment domain family member 16 (CARD16) were screened by LASSO-Cox regression analysis, and a multivariate Cox’s model was constructed based on these 6 M1-DEG. The area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic of this model for predicting the 1- and 3-year graft survival was 0.918 and 0.877 in the training set, and 0.765 and 0.736 in the validation set, respectively. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that the infiltration of rest and activated CD4+ memory T cells, γδT cells and M1 macrophages were increased in the high-risk group (all P<0.05). The expression level of HLA I gene was up-regulated in the high-risk group. GSEA analysis suggested that immune response and graft rejection were enriched in the high-risk group. CTSS interacted with 8 miRNA, BCL2A1 and GBP2 interacted with 3 miRNA, and FCGR1B interacted with 1 miRNA. Conclusions The prognostic risk model based on 6 M1-DEG has high performance in predicting graft survival, which may provide evidence for early interventions for high-risk recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of basiliximab (BAS) and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) in immune induction therapy in kidney transplantation by systematic review and Meta-analysis. Methods Prospective randomized controlled clinical trials screening and comparing BAS and ATG in immune induction therapy in kidney transplantation were systematically searched from global databases, screened and compared. The quality of clinical trials was evaluated by Jadad scoring system and data extraction was performed. The effects of BAS and ATG on the incidence of acute rejection, survival rate of kidney allografts, survival rate of recipients, incidence of delayed graft function, infection, cytomegalovirus infection, malignant tumor, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia at 1 year after kidney transplantation were analyzed. Results A total of 10 clinical trials in English consisting of 1 721 kidney transplant recipients were searched, including 883 cases in the ATG group and 838 cases in the BAS group. No significant differences were observed in the incidence of acute rejection, survival rate of kidney allografts, survival rate of recipients, incidence of delayed graft function, infection, cytomegalovirus infection and thrombocytopenia at postoperative 1 year between the ATG and BAS groups (all P>0.05). The incidence of malignant tumor and leukopenia at postoperative 1 year in the ATG group were significantly higher than those in the BAS group (both P<0.05). Conclusions The use of ATG and BAS for immune induction therapy in kidney transplantation yield equivalent efficacy at postoperative 1 year, but BAS is safer than ATG. Clinical trials related to stratified analyses of immune risk are urgently required to achieve individualized precision treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of different T lymphocyte polyclonal antibodies in renal transplantation from donor kidney of organ donation after citizen's death. Methods Clinical data of 691 donors and recipients undergoing renal transplantation from donor kidney of organ donation after citizen's death were retrospectively analyzed. According to different T lymphocyte polyclonal antibodies used for induction, all recipients were divided into the rabbit anti human T lymphocyte immunoglobulin (rALG) group (n=414) and rabbit anti human thymocyte immunoglobulin (rATG) group (n=277). The recovery of renal graft function in recipients of the two groups were collected, including the incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) and acute rejection (AR), and the changes of serum creatinine level after renal transplantation. The 1-year survival rate of the recipients and renal grafts was collected. The incidence of adverse effects within 1 year after operation was calculated. According to the DGF risk score of donors, all recipients were divided into 5 groups. The use proportion of rALG and rATG in the recipients of each group was calculated. Results The incidence of DGF in the recipients of rALG and rATG groups was 14.5% (60/414) and 11.9% (33/277), respectively. The duration of DGF in the recipients of rALG and rATG groups was (7±4) d and (12±7) d respectively, with no statistically significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of AR in the rALG group was 7.5% (31/414), significantly higher than 4.0% (11/277) in the rATG group (P<0.05). The serum creatinine levels of recipients within 6 months after renal transplantation tended to gradually decline in both groups. In renal transplantation for donor kidney with a DGF risk score of 0-15, the use proportion of rALG was significantly higher than that of rATG. However, the use proportion of rATG was significantly higher than that of rALG in renal transplantation for donor kidney with a DGF risk score over 16 (P<0.05). The 1-year survival rates of the recipients and renal grafts in the rALG and rATG groups were 99.8% and 99.6%, 98.1% and 98.2%, respectively. There was no significant difference between two groups (both P>0.05). The incidence of acute pulmonary edema and leukopenia in the recipients of rATG group was significantly higher than that in the rALG group (both P<0.05). Conclusions Both rALG and rATG can effectively reduce the incidence of DGF and AR and achieve good clinical efficacy after renal transplantation from donor kidney of organ donation after citizen's death. The incidence of leukopenia and acute pulmonary edema induced by rATG is higher than that by rALG in the renal transplant recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the prediction efficiency of scoring models at home and abroad on delayed graft function (DGF) after renal transplantation in China. Methods The clinical data of 112 donors and 220 recipients undergoing renal transplantation were prospectively analyzed. The DGF predicted by KDRI model, Jeldres model, and model of our center was compared with actual DGF incidence of renal transplant recipients. The prediction efficiency of each model was analyzed. The predictive accuracy was compared by the area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The DGF incidence of 220 renal transplant recipients was 14.1% (31/220). DGF prediction using KDRI model showed that 41 cases were high risk donors, the AUC was 0.57, the sensitivity was 0.37, the specificity was 0.66, and the positive predictive value was 22%. DGF prediction using Jedres model showed that 22 cases were high risk recipients, the AUC was 0.56, the sensitivity was 0.13, the specificity was 0.92 and the positive predictive value was 20%. DGF prediction using the model of our center showed that 25 cases were high risk donors, the AUC was 0.80, the sensitivity was 0.53, the specificity was 0.84, the positive predictive value was 40%. Conclusions Compared with the KDRI and Jedres models, the prediction model of our center has higher AUC and sensitivity with a better prediction efficiency on DGF. Therefore, it is a suitable evaluation system of donors from donation after citizen s death in Chinese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) in the storage of renal grafts from deceased donor (DD) with high-risk delayed graft function (DGF). Methods Clinical data of 52 donors with high-risk DGF were collected in this prospective randomized controlled study. Two renal grafts from each donor were randomly divided into the HMP group («=52) and static cold storage (SCS) group (n=52). In the HMP group, the renal grafts were stored by LifePort under HMP, whereas the renal grafts in the SCS group were preserved in University of Wisconsin solution (UW solution). The incidence of DGF and primary nonfunction (PNF) after renal transplantation was statistically compared between two groups. The recovery of renal graft function, the survival rates of the recipients and renal grafts within postoperative 1 year were observed in two groups. Results The incidence of DGF in the HMP group was 4%(2/52), significantly lower than 17% (9/52) in the SCS group (.P<0.05). No PNF was reported in the I IMP groupand 1 case of PND was noted in the SCS group, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The recovery time of graft function of the recipients in the HMP and SCS groups were (7.2 ± 0.6) d and (7.7 ± 1.0) d with no statistical significance (/f>0.05). In the HMP group, the urine volume of the recipients on the day of operation, postoperative 1 and 2 d was significantly larger than that in the SCS group (all .P<0.05). In the HMP group, the levels of scrum creatinine at each time point after operation were significantly lower than those in the SCS group (all .P<0.05). The 1-ycar survival rates of the recipient and kidney were 98.1%, 92.3% and 100%, 96.2% in the IIMP and SCS groups with no statistical significance (all F^O.05). Conclusions IIMP can significantly reduce the incidence of DGF after renal transplantation from DD with high-risk DGF and promote the early recovery of graft function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 2019, a number of cases of pneumonia with unknown causes were successively reported in multiple hospitals in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The pathogen is a novel coronavirus, which can lead to novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) and even threaten the patients* lives. In the following, the COVID-19 epidemic is spreading rapidly in many provinces and cities. It is particularly important to summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients and to optimize the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment stralegies. Therefore, we organized Chinese experts in the field of organ transplantation to draft this article according to the characteristics of lung infection of SOT recipients and the characteristics of current COVID-19 by referring to relevant guidelines and specifications at home and abroad, aiming to provide reference for transplant physicians in China. This management strategy will be revised at any time with the deepening understanding of the COVID-19 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate short-term clinical efficacy of renal transplantation from the donation of pediatric donors. Methods Clinical data of 15 pediatric donors and 28 recipients (including 2 cases of bilateral renal transplantation) undergoing renal transplantation in the Department of Renal Transplantation of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from November 2013 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Renal transplantation was successfully performed in 28 recipients. The median warm ischemia time of transplant kidney was 1 2.5 min (range:0-1 7.0 min) and 4.3 h (range:1 .5-7.7 h) for the median cold ischemia time. After operation, 4 cases developed with delayed graft function (DGF), 1 required dialysis, 2 died from pulmonary infection, 2 underwent renal resection due to renal anastomosis stenosis and renal thrombosis. Postoperative follow-up lasted for 1 -24 months. Twenty-six (93%) recipients survived after renal transplantation and 24 (86%) recipients survived with restored normal renal function. Conclusions Unilateral and bilateral renal transplantation from pediatric donors has relatively favorable short-term clinical efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]