Analyzing the evolution characteristics and key influencing factors of the spatial pattern of the United States at the national scale provides an experiential reference for the improvement of China's territorial spatial planning system in the new era. The results show that: (1) Urban expansion, agricultural production, water ecological protection, and bare land management are the main trends in the evolution of the spatial pattern of the United States from 2001 to 2019. Especially, large-scale and high-growth urban expansion is still a prominent feature of the United States, where the urban area has remained at 8. 80% for nearly 20 years. At the same time, agricultural production efficiency in spatial areas has significantly increased. (2) Unlike the final evolution result of the rapid expansion of urban areas, the large-scale mutual transformation between agricultural and ecological spaces is the dominant transformation characteristic within the spatial pattern of the United States. A profound spatial layout adjustment is taking place between "cropland-animal husbandry-forestry". While promoting agricultural expansion and improving production efficiency, land management and ecological environment optimization, it has also led to large-scale loss of green space. (3) Geographical conditions, infrastructure construction, land development policies, natural disasters, and regional basic characteristics are the dominant driving factors of the spatial evolution of the United States in the past 20 years. At the same time, changes in hydroclimate conditions such as precipitation, temperature, and humidity have played a key promoting role. Population, economy, and industry have only had a partial impact on the internal development space of urban areas, and have not had a significant impact on the overall spatial changes of the United States. Based on the above conclusions, the article proposes the following suggestions: pay attention to the dynamic impact of long-term climate change on the spatial layout of agriculture and ecology; focus on the differences in the allocation of parameters for urban spatial expansion among different levels and regions; prevent the degradation of agricultural space in traditional grain-producing areas, and construct policies and suggestions for the elastic connection path between bare land management, major land projects, and the territorial spatial planning system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]