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AIM: To investigate the influence of fat mass and obesity-associated（Fto) gene on the aberrant contraction of aortic smooth muscle in diabetes mellitus(DM) mice, and to explore the mechanism of Fto gene underlying the calcium regulation. METHODS: Smooth muscle-specific Fto gene knockout(FtoSMKO) mice were generated using CreloxP technology. The experiment involved 3 groups of mice: wild-type(WT) group, DM model group and FtoSMKO-DM group, with 15 mice in each group. In DM group and FtoSMKO-DM group, type 1 DM was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The mice in WT group were injected with equal volume of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution. The influences of different drugs on the contraction responses of aortic smooth muscle in mice were analyzed using a multimyograph system. The expression level of FTO protein in the aortic tissues was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: (1) Compared with WT mice, the expression levels of FTO protein in the aortic tissues of DM mice were significantly increased(P<0. 01) .(2) The expression level of FTO protein in smooth muscle was significantly decreased after knockout of Fto gene(P<0. 01) . Compared with WT group, the mice in DM group exhibited a significant decrease in body weight and a marked increase in fasting blood glucose level(P<0. 05) . There were no noticeable differences in body weight or fasting blood glucose level between FtoSMKO-DM group and DM group(P>0. 05) .(3) The contraction responses of aortic smooth muscle in DM group were substantially increased by phenylephrine compared with WT group. Specifically, vasoconstriction responses mediated by non-L-type calcium channels and store-operated calcium channels (SOCC) were significantly enhanced in DM group. In addition, the responses mediated by inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R), which facilitate calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, were significantly enhanced. However, the responses mediated by caffeine-activated ryanodine receptors(RyR), which also facilitate calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, were significantly inhibited(P<0. 05) .（4) Compared with DM group, the phenylephrine-induced contraction responses of aortic smooth muscle in FtoSMKO-DM group were greatly weakened(P<0. 05) . In particular, the vasoconstriction responses mediated by non-L-type calcium channels and SOCC in FtoSMKO-DM group were greatly suppressed (P<0. 05), while those mediated by caffeine-activated RyR were dramatically boosted(P<0. 05) . However, IP3R-mediated responses were not affected(P>0. 05) . CONCLUSION: Smooth muscle-specific Fto gene knockout suppresses contractile hyperre⁃ sponsiveness in the aortic smooth muscle of DM mice, which may be attributed to involvement of FTO protein in calcium regulation in the vascular smooth muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of Piezo1 channel activation promoting the increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration （［Ca2+］i ） of rat coronary artery smooth muscle cells （CASMCs）. METHODS: The primary CASMCs of SD rats were cultured, and the expression and subcellular localization of Piezo1 in the cells were observed by immunofluorescence staining. The Piezo1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 （STIM1） in CASMCs were knocked down by siRNA transfection, and the expression levels of the proteins were detected by Western blot. Utilizing laser confocal microscopy, the change of ［Ca2+］i in CASMCs was detected by Fluo-4 AM fluorescent probes. RESULTS: It was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining that the expression of Piezo1 existed in primary rat CASMCs. Immunofluorescence staining also showed that Piezo1 was co-located with sarco-/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2 （SERCA2）, mitochondrial outer membrane protein TOM20 and nuclear membrane protein lamin B1. Western blot results showed that the protein expression levels of STIM1 and Piezo1 were significantly down-regulated by siRNA transfection （P<0. 05）. Compared with control group, Yoda1, the agonist of Piezo1, could increase the extracellular Ca2+ influx of CASMCs （P<0. 01）. However, the Ca2+ influx mediated by Yoda1 was not affected by the inhibition of L-type calcium channels. Treatment with Yoda1 increased the intracellular Ca2+ release of CASMCs （P<0. 01）. However, inhibition of calcium channels on endoplasmic reticulum, ryanodine receptor and inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor, did not affect intracellular Ca2+ release mediated by Yoda1. After the Ca2+ in endoplasmic reticulum was emptied using thapsigargin （TG）, Yoda1 also mediated the Ca2+ release of other organelles in CASMCs（ P<0. 01）. After inhibition of L-type calcium channels, treatment with store-operated calcium channel （SOCC） inhibitor BTP2 or knockdown of STIM1 led to the decrease in extracellular Ca2+ influx of CASMCs mediated by Yoda1 （P<0. 01）. Treatment with TG increased the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum of CASMCs after knockdown of Piezo1（ P<0. 05）, but the extracellular Ca2+ influx mediated by TG was not affected. After inhibition of L-type calcium channels and SOCC, knockdown of Piezo1 led to the decreases in intracellular Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ influx induced by Yoda1（ P<0. 01）. CONCLUSION: The Piezo1 agonist orchestrates the influx of extracellular Ca2+ by activating Piezo1 channels on the cell membrane and inducing the indirect activation of SOCC. Moreover, it facilitates the release of Ca2+ from organelles. Consequently, these pathways synergistically elevate the ［Ca2+］i of rat CASMCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neurodegenerative disease is a highly disabling and fatal disease that occurs in the central nervous system. The main population is the middle-aged and the elderly. At present, the pathogenesis of this type of disease is still unclear, and there is no effective treatment strategy. With the deepening of aging, neurodegenerative diseases pose a serious threat to the health of Chinese. As microorganisms living in the gastrointestinal tract, the intestinal flora has a mutually beneficial and symbiotic relationship with the human body and plays a vital role in life and health. The development of neurodegenerative diseases is accompanied by the development of intestinal flora and its related metabolites. This article reviews the mechanism of the interaction between the gut microbiota and its metabolites and neurodegenerative diseases, and discusses the potential value of the gut microbiota in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, in order to provide new research directions for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis is the property of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis is the property of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Mental Health Journal / Zhongguo Xinli Weisheng Zazhi is the property of Chinese Mental Health Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although antiretroviral therapy appears to prolong the lifespan of people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWH), but the suicidal risk of these people is still significantly higher than the general population. Some PLWH had suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, and suicidal plan. The reasons for the high risk among these people mainly include as follows. ① The demographic factors include gender, sexual orientation, age, religion, race, etc. ② The social psychological factors are stressors(stressful or traumatic life events, social or interpersonal problems and mental illness), stigma, hiding HIV history, etc.Social or interpersonal problems include discrimination, social isolation, lack of social support, etc. Mental diseases include depression, anxiety disorders,substance use disorders, etc. In order to reduce the suicidal risk of PLWH, the government and related organizations can research and improve these social psychological factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis is the property of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Suicidal behaviors mainly include suicidal ideation, suicidal attempt, and suicide completion. Epidemiological studies suggest that men who have sex with men (MSM) are at a high risk of suicide. Factors influencing the suicidal behaviors of MSM include demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors. Minority stress theory provides references for studying the interaction between influencing factors and elucidating the development of suicidal behaviors in MSM. Currently mature psychological models of suicide include Cry of Pain and Schematic Appraisal Model of Suicide, The Comprehensive Cognitive Model, Two-Stage model of Outward and Inward Directed Model, Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model of Suicidal Behavior, and so on. However, none of them has been applied to MSM. Influencing factors, minority stress theory, and theoretical models of suicide can be combined to further study the suicidal mechanisms in MSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori), one of the main factors to induce chronic gastritis, is a worldwide infectious pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria which selective colonization in the gastric epithelial cells. In recent years, studies showed that the the infection of H.pylori can induce the body to produce oxidative stress reaction, and to avoid being killed by various escape mechanism H.pylori can constantly simulate neutrophils and macrophages expressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reative nitrogen species (RNS) which lead to excessive accumulation of ROS and RNS. The excessive accumulation of ROS and RNS. causing the increase of apoptosis and gastric mucosal injury, this is one of the important factors leading to gastritis and aggravating. In this paper, the research progress of oxidative stress caused by H.pylori is briefly reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]