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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Tangbikang is a Traditional Chinese Medicine compound that can improve blood glucose and alleviate diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, its regulatory mechanism is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Tangbikang on oxidative stress of the sciatic nerve in diabetic rats and to explore the targeted regulatory mechanism of Tangbikang in alleviating diabetic peripheral neuropathy. METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group and Tangbikang group, with 10 rats in each group. Animal models of diabetic peripheral neuropathy were established in the model group and Tangbikang group. After modeling, normal saline or Tangbikang (2.5 g/kg per day) was administered orally for 12 weeks. Body mass and fasting blood glucose levels of rats were detected at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after administration. Hot plate test and Von Frey test were used to detect the thermal and mechanical pain thresholds of rats at 12 weeks after administration. Sciatic nerve conduction velocity and blood flow velocity were detected before sampling. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the morphological changes of the sciatic nerve. The expression levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, interleukin 1β, and tumor necrosis factor α in the sciatic nerve were detected by colorimetric method and ELISA kit. The expression levels of PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 pathway related proteins in the sciatic nerve tissue were detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The fasting blood glucose level of rats in the Tangbikang group was significantly lower than that in the model group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after modeling (P < 0.05), and the body mass of rats in the model group was significantly lower than that in the Tangbikang group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the mechanical pain threshold and thermal pain threshold were significantly improved in the Tangbikang group 12 weeks after modeling (P < 0.05), and the sciatic nerve conduction velocity and blood flow velocity in the Tangbikang group were significantly higher than those in the model group (P < 0.05). The order, density and myelination of nerve fibers in the Tangbikang group were better than those in the model group. ELISA and colorimetric results showed that compared with the model group, the levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin 1β, and tumor necrosis factor α proteins in the sciatic nerve tissue were significantly decreased in the Tangbikang group, while the level of superoxide dismutase protein was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Western blot results showed that the expressions of PI3K, p-Akt/AKT, and p-FoxO1/FoxO1 proteins in the sciatic nerve of the Tangbikang group were significantly higher than those of the model group (P < 0.05). To conclude, Tangbikang improves sciatic nerve function and reduces sciatic nerve oxidative stress injury in diabetic rats, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 pathway by Tangbikang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: As a biological scaffold, hydrogel has been widely used in the basic research of spinal cord injury. Based on the electrical signal conduction characteristics of spinal cord tissue, electroactive hydrogel has been preliminally explored and applied, but its efficacy and mechanism are not clear yet. OBJECTIVE: To preliminatively explore the potential mechanism of electroactive hydrogel promoting axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury and evaluate the safety and feasibility of conductive hydrogel as biological scaffold for spinal cord injury repair. METHODS: On the basis of methacrylated gelatin hydrogel, conductive particle polypyrrole was added to prepare electroactive hydrogel. Thirty-six adult female SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group and electroactive hydrogel group, with 12 rats in each group. Only laminectomy was performed in sham operation group. T9 spinal cord was completely transected with 2 mm defect gap in model group and electroactive hydrogel group. The defect gap was filled with electroactive hydrogel immediately after model preparation in electroactive hydrogel group. BBB score was performed on 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after operation. On day 28 after operation, serum inflammatory indexes, tissue morphology of liver, spleen, kidney and spinal cord, microvascular regeneration and axon regeneration were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) BBB score of electroactive hydrogel group was better than that of model group at 28 days after operation (P < 0.05). (2) C-reactive protein levels in electroactive hydrogel group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in erythrocyte sedimentation rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). (3) Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that there was no inflammatory cell infiltration in liver, spleen and kidney of rats in the three groups. Inflammatory cell infiltration was obvious at the broken end of model group; the cells were disordered and the surrounding tissues dissolved. There were fewer inflammatory cells in electroactive hydrogel group, and cells grew in the electroactive hydrogel group and arranged orderly. Masson staining indicated that a large number of collagen fibers grew into the broken end of rats in model group, while only a small amount of collagen fibers were wrapped around the electroactive hydrogel in electroactive hydrogel group. (4) Immunofluorescence staining results showed that there were fewer vascular endothelial cells and almost no mature neurons in the spinal cord defect in model group, while the vascular endothelial cells in electroactive hydrogel group were significantly more than that in model group, and there were formed vascular contours. The number of neurons was more than that in model group, but the nucleus was pyknotic compared with the sham operation group. (5) Western blot assay showed that the protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and neurofilament 200 in electroactive hydrogel group were higher than those in model group (P < 0.05). (6) Electroactive hydrogel is safe and effective as biological scaffolds to repair spinal cord injury. The mechanism of promoting axon regeneration may be related to promoting microvascular regeneration and improving microcirculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The imbalance of inflammatory microenvironment after spinal cord injury can aggravate secondary spinal cord injury and hinder the repair of nerve function. Tetramethylpyrazine can inhibit inflammatory responses and protect nerve cells; however, its research in the field of spinal cord injury is less. OBJECTIVE: To observe whether tetramethylpyrazine can improve inflammatory responses and recover nerve function after spinal cord injury in rats and to explore its potential mechanism. METHODS: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, and tetramethylpyrazine group, with 12 rats in each group. The sham operation group received T10 laminectomy; the model and tetramethylpyrazine groups received T10 spinal cord complete transection by self-made double-edge microshear. After modeling, the tetramethylpyrazine group was given tetramethylpyrazine hydrochloride injection via intraperitoneal injection (200 mg/kg/d) for consecutive 5 days. Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan score and modified Rivlin oblique plate test were used to evaluate the recovery of motor function at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after surgery. Tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining to observe the morphological changes at 14 days after surgery. Changes in C-reactive protein were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of inflammatory factors, including nuclear factor-кB, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-10, was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At each time point after spinal cord injury, Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan score and modified Rivlin slant angle in the sham operation group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences between the model and tetramethylpyrazine groups (P > 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that the number of inflammatory cells in the tetramethylpyrazine group was significantly lower than that in the model group. Nissl staining results revealed that the number of neurons at both broken ends of the spinal cord was significantly higher in the tetramethylpyrazine group than the model group. After spinal cord injury, C-reactive protein expression increased firstly and then decreased, and tetramethylpyrazine could significantly reduce the expression of C-reactive protein (P < 0.05). At 7 days after modeling, the expression of nuclear factor-кB and tumor necrosis factor-α in the model group was significantly higher than that in the sham operation group (P < 0.05), while the expression of interleukin-10 was lower than that in the sham operation group. Compared with the model group, tetramethylpyrazine could significantly decrease the expression of nuclear factor-кB and increase the expression of interleukin-10 (P < 0.05). At 14 days after modeling, the expression levels of nuclear factor-кB and tumor necrosis factor-α increased significantly in the model group compared with the sham operation group, while the expression level of interleukin-10 was significantly lower than the sham operation group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, tetramethylpyrazine could significantly increase the expression of interleukin-10 (P < 0.05). All these findings suggest that after spinal cord injury, the expression of pro-inflammatory factors is significantly increased and the inflammatory microenvironment becomes unbalanced. Tetramethylpyrazine can regulate the immune inflammatory response after spinal cord injury, improve the inflammatory microenvironment, and promote the repair of spinal cord injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Tetramethylpyrazine has a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as improving microcirculation, anti-inflammatory, inhibiting apoptosis and other functions, which has a significant effect in repairing spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine in the repair of spinal cord injury in order to provide references for the research and treatment of spinal cord injury. METHODS: A computer-based online search of China National Knowledge Infrastructure database and PubMed was performed for relevant articles published from 2003 to 2020, using the keywords of “tetramethylpyrazine, spinal cord injury, ischemia-reperfusion injury” in Chinese and English, respectively. Finally, 85 articles were included for further review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine in spinal cord injury repair has not yet been fully elucidated in animal experiments. The main mechanisms of tetramethylpyrazine in the treatment of spinal cord injury include inhibition of endothelin generation, inhibition of vascular endothelial cell apoptosis, antagonism of calcium ion influx, regulation of interleukin, inhibition of nuclear factor-кB signaling pathway, inhibition of neutrophil infiltration and inhibition of nerve cell apoptosis. There are few reports on the clinical use of tetramethylpyrazine monomer injection to treat spinal cord injury, and its clinical efficacy remains to be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The periosteum is involved in fracture healing and bone tissue repair because it contains cells with osteogenic potential, and its role in repairing bone defects has become a focus of current research. OBJECTIVE: To review the role of periosteum in fracture healing and bone tissue repair. METHODS: A computer-based online search of China National Knowledge Infrastructure database and PubMed was performed for articles regarding the role of periosteum in fracture healing and bone tissue repair published from January 1964 to December 2019. Key words included “periosteum, bone healing, periosteum cells” in English and Chinese. Finally, a total of 48 articles were included to review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The integrity of periosteum plays an important role in fracture healing and bone tissue repair, and has been widely used in bone tissue engineering due to its good osteogenic properties, excellent material properties and barrier effect. (2) The mechanism of periosteum in the process of distraction ostegogenesis is still controversial. It has been confirmed that absence of periosteum does not affect the osteogenic effect of mandibular defects, but the role of periosteum in osteogenic effect of limb defects remains to be further studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: At present, the application of intelligent positioning devices such as orthopedic robots and computer navigation systems in closed reduction surgery for femoral neck fractures is gradually developed, and grassroots hospitals still need a cheap auxiliary positioning device. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of a Kirschner wire positioning device for assisted localization in internal fixation of femoral neck fracture with cannulated screws. METHODS: Fifty-four cases of femoral neck fracture treated in Binzhou Medical University Hospital from February 2016 to March 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were allocated into the two groups, 28 patients who received traditional cannulated screws internal fixation were in the traditional group, and 26 patients who received assisted localization internal fixation with cannulated screws were in the assisted localization group. The angle, direction and distance of the Kirschner wire could be quantified and fine-tuned, assisted with accurate positioning, and the placement of the cannulated screws was guided. Clinical and imaging data were compared between two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All patients received surgery successfully. No intraoperative complications such as vascular or nerve injury occurred. Postoperative image showed good fracture reduction, cannulated screw distribution, angle and position. (2) The operation time in the assisted localization group (49.27±4.86) minutes was shorter than that in the traditional group (59.64±8.02) minutes (P < 0.01). The number of fluoroscopy in the assisted localization group was significantly lower than that in the traditional group (P < 0.01). (3) There was no significant difference between two groups in the follow-up time, fracture healing time and Harris score at the last follow-up (P > 0.05). The excellent and good rate of Harris score in the assisted localization group was 89%. (4) No necrosis of femoral head occurred during the follow-up, and the rate of late necrosis should be followed up. (5) Our findings suggest that Kirschner wire positioning device can assist in quantitative positioning and guide the placement of cannulated screw in the internal fixation of femoral neck fracture. It can effectively improve the positioning efficiency, reduce the number of fluoroscopy, avoid repeatedly adjusting the penetration to damage femoral neck bone, and promote the recovery of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Debridement is the key to open fracture treatment, and the irrigation of the wound is an important step. There are some controversies about the selection of irrigation solution in debridement, and the corresponding animal experiments and clinical studies have become the focus of research in recent years. OBJECTIVE: To review the latest research progress of the selection of irrigation solution for open fractures debridement. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for the articles published from January 1959 to May 2018. The keywords were “open fracture, debridement, irrigation solution” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally 44 eligible articles were included to review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After a large number of animal experiments and clinical application, open fracture debridement, prevention of infection, irrigation solution and evaluation of prognosis have been deeply studied, especially the study of the type of irrigation solution in debridement. (2) Traditional sterile saline is still the most convenient and effective choice, antiseptics, surfactants, antibiotics and other additives have also become the research focus in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]