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Displacement is a key parameter to evaluate the serviceability and safety of structures, but the traditional contact measurement method has the disadvantage of low efficiency and high cost, and it is difficult to accurately measure the dense displacements. To solve the above problems, a noncontact measurement method for the dynamic displacement and vibration properties of structures with computer vision technology and adaptive variational modal decomposition was proposed. A high-speed camera was employed to capture the motion images of a cantilever beam structure under the excitation of an impact hammer, and target detection and feature extraction algorithms without targets were developed to obtain the dynamic displacements of the structure under the impact load. Furthermore, a high-precision identification method for the vibration frequency and damping ratio of a structure based on the variational modal decomposition and the Hilbert transform was proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been validated by the noncontact vibration measurement tests of a cantilever beam. The results show that the maximum measurement errors of displacement extracted by the circular center detection algorithm and the image feature detection algorithm are 0. 093 mm and 0. 046 mm, respectively, which proves that the displacement extraction accuracy of the feature detection algorithm is more accurate. Meanwhile, the variational modal decomposition method is used for the separation of the measured displacement signals and the identification of the structural vibration properties. It is seen that the identified natural frequencies and damping ratios by the circular target detection are almost the same as the results obtained from feature extraction algorithms. The research results can provide a new method for high-precision multipoint displacement monitoring and dynamic identification of bridge structures under unexpected events, and it has the advantages of low cost, ease of use, and flexible choice of measurement points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science Technology & Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science Technology & Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Computer Measurement & Control is the property of Magazine Agency of Computer Measurement & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Medical Education Technology is the property of China Medical Education Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to explore the associative effect of mixing Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) with Neolamarckia cadamba leaves (NCL) in proportions during ensiling process and its proper propor⁃ tion.In the present study, MOL were ensiled with NCL in proportions (100∶0, 75∶25, 50∶50, 25∶75, 0∶100; on a fresh matter basis), and fermentation parameter, protein fraction and protease activity were analyzed on days 3, 7, 14 and 30 of ensiling fermentation. The ensiling characteristics of NCL were quite different from those of MOL. Compared to MOL silage, dry matter loss, the concentrations of lactate and acetate, and the proportions of nonprotein nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen were decreased (P<0.01) to some degree in the mixed silage of MOL and NCL, where their dry matter loss, lactate and acetate concentrations, nonprotein nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen proportions after 30 days ensiling were in the ranges of 4.97%-11.63% DM, 1.09%-2.48% DM, 0.19%-0.47% DM, 12.77%-56.31% CP, 1.03%- 5.16% CP, respectively. Meanwhile, the activities of carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase and acid proteinase in NCL silage were much higher (P<0.01) than those in MOL silage. so their activities were somewhat higher (P<0.01) in the mixed silage relative to those in MOL silage. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of associative effects index, MOL and NCL mixed at the ratio of 25∶75 got the best results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Guangdong Agricultural Sciences is the property of South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Computer Measurement & Control is the property of Magazine Agency of Computer Measurement & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Computer Measurement & Control is the property of Magazine Agency of Computer Measurement & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tiangong University is the property of Journal of Tianjin Polytechnic University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Command Control & Simulation / Zhihui Kongzhi yu Fangzhen is the property of Command Control & Simulation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Geology & Exploration is the property of Xian Research Institute of China Coal Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Pediatric Surgery is the property of Journal of Clinical Pediatric Surgery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Geology / Gongcheng Dizhi Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Geology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and management strategies of craniofacial non-midline dermoid cyst. Methods From January 2016 to December 2019, 109 surgical children of craniofacial non-midline dermoid cysts were divided into two groups of bone change and bone non-change according to the degree of bone alteration. Analyses were performed for such factors as gender, onset age, surgical age, cyst location, cyst mobility and cyst size, etc. Results Onset age was (0.64±0.21) years in bone change group and (1.39±2.19) years in bone non-change group. And the difference was statistically significant (t=2.871, P=0.005).The incidence of cysts with poor mobility plus bone changes was 43.6% (17/39) while the incidence of cysts with good mobility plus bone change 10.0%(7/70).And the difference was statistically significant (χ²=16.458, P<0.001).Gender, cyst location, operative age or cyst size had no effect on the occurrence of craniofacial non-midline dermoid cysts with bone changes (P>0.05).Conclusion During physical examinations, poor mobility of craniofacial non-midline dermoid cyst is highly suggestive of bone changes. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is recommended preoperatively for grasping the conditions of tumor and bone. During operation, surgeons should pay close attention to a complete resection of tumor, especially bottom exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant extract is a kind of natural plant additive, which can be obtained from plants by chemical or physical methods. The bioactive ingredients in plant extracts includes alkaloids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, saponins, organic acids, volatile oils, some of which have anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation effects and have an impact on growth and development of animals, immunity and other properties. The paper reviews the main active components, biological functions and applications of plant extracts in animal production, which provide reference for further research on plant extracts in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Advanced Engineering Science / Gongcheng Kexue Yu Jishu is the property of Advanced Engineering Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Sciencepaper is the property of China Sciencepaper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Beijing University of Technology is the property of Journal of Beijing University of Technology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As a key enzyme in sucrose metabolism, acid invertase expression and enzyme activity was significantly higher in reducing sugar accumulation litchi than in sucrose accumulation litchi. In order to fully understand the biological characteristics of acid invertase, we systematically analyzed the basic physical and chemical properties, protein secondary structure, hydrophilic/hydrophobic, transmememal domain, signal peptide, phosphorylation site, conserved domain and phylogenetic evolution of LcSAI by bioinformatics, and analyzed the expression of LcSAI in different tissues and fruits at different developmental stages of Litchi chinesis 'Feizixiao' by using qRT-PCR. The results were as follows:(1)The acid invertase of litchi fruit was a hydrophilic unstable protein localized to vacuole, and there was no signal peptide. The secondary structure of the protein mainly consisted of irregularly coiled and extended chain members, which were scattered throughout the protein.(2)LcSAI contained a transmembrane region at the N-terminus, including two conserved domains, the N-terminal Pfam DUF3357 domain and the Glyco_32 domain, belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase gene family 32 superfamily. Phylogenetic evolution indicated LcSAI homology with the longan acid invertase gene, the LcSAI expression levels were male flower > root > young stem > seed > young leaf > female flower > peel >mature leaf; the expression of LcSAI in different stages of fruit development was specific, LcSAI expression reached a peak in the second week, then LcSAI expression dropped sharply in the third week, gradually increased in the fourth and fifth weeks, and decreased to a minimum in the eighth week of fruit development. This study provides a theoretical reference for further study of the mechanism of LcSAI fruit acid invertase gene regulation of sucrose metabolism pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tiangong University is the property of Journal of Tianjin Polytechnic University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Geology / Gongcheng Dizhi Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Geology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tiangong University is the property of Journal of Tianjin Polytechnic University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

目的对比评价入住ICU 24 h 内及72 h 内早期肠内营养( EEN ) 对重症患者临床预后的影响。方法在 Medline 、EMBASE 数据库中检索入住ICU 24 h 内及72 h 内EEN 相关的随机对照研究， 收集纳入研究的病死率、肺 炎发生率、住院时间、ICU 住院时间及有创机械通气持续时间数据， 对入住ICU 后EEN ( 24 h 内及24 ~ 72 h ) 和其他 类型营养支持患者上述预后指标进行对比分析， 并对入住ICU 24 h 内EEN 及24 ~ 72 h EEN 进行亚组分析。结果 与所有其他类型的营养支持相比， 入住ICU 后EEN 并未明显降低重症患者病死率( OR = 0. 96, 95 % CI 0. 83 ~ 1 . 1 1, P = 0. 59, /² = 1 5 % ) ， 但24 h 内EEN 患者病死率低于24 ~ 72 h EEN ( P = 0. 00, I² = 90. 9 % ） 。入住ICU 后 EEN 明显降低了肺炎发生率( OR = 0. 74,95 % CI 0. 58 ~ O. 95, P = 0. 02, I² = 50% ) ， 且24 h 内EEN 患者肺炎发生率 低于24 ~ 72 h EEN (P = 0. 04, I² = 77. 2 % ) 。入住ICU 24 h 内EEN 及24 ~ 72 h EEN 在住院时间、ICU 入住时间及 机械通气时间方面均未显示出明显优势。结论与入住ICU 2 4 ~ 72 h EEN 相比， 入住ICU 24 h 内EEN 更有助于 降低重症患者病死率及肺炎发生率。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Engineering Mechanics / Gongcheng Lixue is the property of Engineering Mechanics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research & Exploration in Laboratory is the property of Research & Exploration in Laboratory and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Sepsis with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a fatal disease, and is usually treated by supporting therapy, which can improve prognosis, but not obviously. Therefore, searching a novel effective method is urgent. Mesenchymal stem cells with multilineage differentiation have been shown to be effective in the treatment of various diseases. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the protective effect of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) on ARDS complicated by sepsis and its underlying mechanism. METHODS: (1) AD-MSCs were isolated by tissue adherent culture from rats. (2) Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats provided by Laboratory Animal Center of Lanzhou University, China were randomly divided into normal saline control group (group A), normal saline+AD-MSCs group (group B), sepsis+ARDS group (group C), sepsis+ARDS+AD-MSCs group (group D) (n=10 per group). (3) Rats in the groups A and B were taken out of the cecum after laparotomy, which was then put back into the abdominal cavity that was sutured hereupon. Caudal intravenous injection of normal saline (1.0 mL) or normal saline+AD-MSCs (1.2×106) was performed 12 hours later. In the groups C and D, cecal ligation and puncture were performed, ARDS was induced by 100% oxygen inhalation for 48 hours, and then caudal intravenous injection of normal saline (1.0 mL) or AD-MSCs (1.2×106 ) was implemented at 12 hours after modeling. (4) The arterial oxygen saturation was detected at 24 hours after modeling. The lung wet/dry ratio was calculated at 48 hours after modeling. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue were detected by ELISA. The pathological changes in lung tissue were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Nuclear factor-κB activity and mRNA and protein levels of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in lung tissue were determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, RT-PCR and western blot assay, respectively． RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the groups A and B, in the group C, the lung wet/dry ratio, lung injury score, levels of inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor-κB activity, mRNA and protein levels of toll-like receptors were significantly increased, and the arterial oxygen saturation was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the group C, in the group D, there was a significant decrease in the lung wet/dry ratio, lung injury score, levels of pro-inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6), nuclear factor-κB activity, mRNA and protein levels of toll-like receptors, and a significant increase in the arterial oxygen saturation and level of anti-inflammatory factor (interleukin 10) (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in each index between groups A and B (P > 0.05). In the groups A and B, pathological changes in the lung were not obvious under light microscope. In the group C, there was significant lung hyperemia and edema fluid; red blood cells and inflammatory cells in the alveolar cavity were also detected. In the group D, lung damages that mentioned above were alleviated. These results indicate that AD-MSCs can down-regulate the levels of inflammatory factors, reduce lung injury possibly through inhibiting toll-like receptors/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway in septic rats with ARDS． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering is the property of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Magazine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research & Exploration in Laboratory is the property of Research & Exploration in Laboratory and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Considering the importance of carbohydrate moieties on infectivity and host mimicry, there is a need to better understand the biosynthetic pathways of these unusual sugars in order to identify key targets involved in bacterial pathogenesis. Since the in vitro biochemical characterization of the biosynthetic pathway of unusual sugars is currently hindered by the demand for more accurate, sensitive, and rapid analytical methods for characterizing unusual sugar structures, information about the structure and biosynthesis pathway of these compounds is fragmentary. Mass spectrometry is a rapid, sensitive, and accurate approach for the direct monitoring of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that does not require a chromophore or radiolabeling and thus provides aviable alternative to existing analytical techniques. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the use of electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) as a powerful technique for the characterization of enzymatic products in the biosynthetic pathway of deoxythymidine 5'diphosphate-D-rhamnose (dTDP-L-Rha) in E. coliO7. The dTDP-d-glucose-4,6-dehydratase (RmlB), dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-glucose-3,5-epimerase (RmlC), and dTDP-4-keto-rhamnose reductase (RmlD) catalyzed reactions were directly monitored by ESI-MS, followed by detailed structural characterization of the final enzymatic products using ESI-MS/MS in the negative-ion mode after minimal cleanup. The biosynthetic pathway of dTDP-L-Rha, beginning from dTDP-L-Rha in three reaction steps catalyzed by RmlB, RmlC, and RmlD, was characterized by ESI-MS/MS. The results obtained were in good agreement with that of traditional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) monitoring and preparation, as well as NMR and ESI-MS structural characterization. Collectively, these data demonstrate that a CID-ESI-MSn based platform is applicable to the facile characterization of the biosynthetic pathway of important unusual dTNP-sugar in the O-chain and offers significant advantages over current methods in terms of speed, sensitivity, reproducibility, automation and reagent costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research & Exploration in Laboratory is the property of Research & Exploration in Laboratory and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)