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摘要：【目的】探讨含可待因的止咳药水滥用成瘾患者在静息状态下全脑白质显微结构的改变，同时探讨含可待因 的止咳药水成瘾患者脑白质微结构的改变与其成瘾时间的关系。【方法】本研究纳入了30名含可待因的止咳药水滥用成瘾 患者和30名健康对照。观察含可待因的止咳药水滥用成瘾患者全脑白质FA值（分数各向异性），MD值（平均扩散系数）的 改变，应用Pearson相关分析得到了含可待因的止咳药水滥用成瘾患者全脑白质微结构改变与成瘾时间的关系。【结果】与 正常对照组相比，慢性含可待因止咳药水滥用成瘾患者双侧内囊前支白质纤维（ALIC）平均FA值显著降低，而双侧海马、双 侧岛叶、右侧前扣带皮层及右侧颞上回平均MD显著升高。ALIC平均FA值与成瘾时间具有显著相关性。【结论】慢性含可 待因止咳药水滥用成瘾患者全脑白质微结构存在不同程度改变，这种结构连接的破坏随着其成瘾时间而持续进展。

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Objective To study the effects of Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide (DHP) on dyskinesia, neuronal damage, and senescence of astrocytes in mice with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Forty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the NC group, MOD group, DHP100 group, and DHP350 group, with 10 mice in each group. PD mouse models were established by intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in the MOD, DHP100 and DHP350 groups. After the models were established, the DHP100 and DHP350 groups were given 100 mg/kg and 350 mg/kg of DHP by gavage of 0. 5 mL, once a day, for 2 weeks, respectively. The motor ability of each group was evaluated by the passing time of balance beam, the hanging time of suspension, and the staying time of rotating rod test; the fluorescence expression of mouse midbrain nigral tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and astrocyte nuclear fibrillar protein B1 (Lamin B1) was detected by immunofluorescence; the relative expression of midbrain Lamin B1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) proteins was detected by Western blotting, and the expression of midbrain p16INK4a and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Mouse astrocytes C8-D1A cells were divided into three groups. Cells in the normal group were cultured with serum-free DMEM medium, and cells in the model group were treated with 0. 6 mmol/L 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine ion (MPP+ ) for 24 h, while the cells in the DHP group were pretreated with 8 µg/mL DHP for 12 h and then were treated with 0. 6 mmol/L MPP+ for 24 h. The cell supernatant of the three groups was collected as the conditioned culture medium to act on human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). The survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells, cell cycle ratio, positive rate of β-galactosidase (β-gal), and telomerase activity of the three groups were compared. Results Compared with the NC group, the staying time, hanging time and the number of TH-positive neurons in the midbrain and the relative expression of Lamin B1 protein decreased in the MOD group, and the passing time and the relative expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 protein and p16INK4a and MMP-3 mRNA increased (all P<0. 05). Compared with the MOD group, the staying time, hanging time, the number of TH-positive neurons and the relative expression levels of Lamin B1 protein in the DHP100 group and DHP350 group increased, while the passing time, IL-1β protein and MMP-3 mRNA relative expression levels decreased, and moreover, the changes in the staying time, passing time, IL-1β protein and MMP-3 mRNA relative expression levels were more significant in the DHP350 group (all P<0. 05). The relative expression levels of IL-6 protein and p16INK4a mRNA in the DHP350 group were lower than those in the MOD group and DHP100 group, and the fluorescence expression levels of Lamin B1 in nigra astrocytes in the MOD group were lower than those in the NC group, DHP100 group and DHP350 group (all P< 0. 05). After the addition of cell-conditioned medium, the survival rates of SH-SY5Y cells in the normal, DHP and model groups decreased sequentially, with statistically significant difference between groups (all P<0. 05). Compared with the normal group, the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase and the positive rate of β-gal increased, and the proportion of cells in the S phase and telomerase expression decreased in the model group (all P<0. 05); compared with the model group, the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase and the positive rate of β-gal decreased, and the proportion of cells in the S phase and telomerase expression increased in the DHP group (all P<0. 05). Conclusion DHP can alleviate the dyskinesia of PD mice, and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting the senescence of astrocytes, thus alleviating the damage of neurons and exerting neuroprotective effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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近年来, 随着消化内镜技术不断进步和完善以及患者对医疗服务质量要求不断提高, 在世界范围内麻醉 医师参与下的无痛消化内镜诊疗比例不断提高. 但麻醉辅助下的无痛消化内镜诊疗技术在提高舒适度同时, 也带 来了一定的麻醉风险, 尤其是气道相关的风险. 由于麻醉医师与内镜医师共用上气道, 上消化道内镜诊疗时内镜刺 激可引起呛咳甚至导致气道痉挛, 从而危及生命安全. 因此, 麻醉气道管理在无痛消化内镜诊疗中尤为重要, 是保 障无痛消化内镜诊疗安全的关键. 充分认识无痛消化内镜诊疗风险是气道管理的基础, 完善术前准备是保证气道 安全的前提, 而熟练掌握各种无创及有创气道支持操作技术是保证气道安全的利器. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Focusing on the problem that the current maintenance training device (MTD) can’t perfectly reflects the specific maintenance actions during the aircraft maintenance for trainees, this paper established a self-fetching virtual hand and the interaction behaviors to improve the training quality. By analyzing the basic elements of maintenance operations to define and built the virtual hand operation library that based on skinned mesh. In the scene roaming stage,in order to reduce the control load,it drove the virtual hand by the viewpoint position which was acquired in real time. In the specific maintenance operation stage,it used the interactive behavior algorithm to combine the position self-adjustment of the virtual hand with the skeleton animation osgCal,by calling the relevant actions in the action library to complete the specific maintenance tasks. The experimental results show that the proposed method can reflect the specific maintenance operations and have a good usability for virtual maintenance training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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