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为了研究我国农村居民食用植物油消费的影响因素，利用1982—2020年我国农村居民人均食用植物油消费量、农村居民收入、城市化水平等宏观经济数据，构建协整模型和误差修正模型，分析多种因素对我国农村居民人均食用植物油消费量的长期和短期影响，并就消费量的四段异常波动进行成因分析。结果表明：我国农村居民人均食用植物油消费量与农村居民收入、城市化水平、消费习惯之间存在协整关系；协整模型中城市化水平的弹性系数为0.30，农村居民收入的弹性系数为0.11，消费习惯的弹性系数在0.70以上；误差修正模型中只有消费习惯通过t检验，其弹性系数在1.1以上；突发事件是造成农村居民人均食用植物油消费量短期剧烈波动的主要原因，但这又会随着经济社会的稳定和消费习惯的黏性而逐渐回归正常。长期来看，城市化进程中农村居民消费习惯的改善和收入的提高对其食用植物油消费具有明显促进作用；短期来看，消费量的变动主要受消费习惯影响，而与城市化水平和农村居民收入的相关性不强。基于上述结论，就当前农村地区食用油摄入过量问题，提出注重城市化建设质量、加快乡村振兴实施步伐、引导农村居民形成健康消费习惯的建议。 In order to study the influencing factors of rural residents′ edible vegetable oil consumption in China, per capita consumption of edible vegetable oil of rural residents, rural residents′ income, urbanization level and other macroeconomic data from 1982 to 2020 in China were used to built the co-integration model and error correction model to analyze the long-term and short-term effects of the various factors on per capita consumption of edible vegetable oil of rural residents in China. In addition, the causes of four abnormal fluctuations in consumption were analyzed. The results showed that there was a co-integration relationship between per capita consumption of edible vegetable oil of rural residents and rural residents′ income, urbanization level, consumption habits. In the co-integration model, the elasticity coefficient of urbanization level was 0.30, the elasticity coefficient of rural residents′ income was 0.11, and the elasticity coefficient of consumption habits was above 0.70. In the error correction model, only consumption habits passed the t-test, and its elasticity coefficient was above 1.1. In addition, the analysis of causes indicated that emergencies were the main reason for the short-term drastic fluctuations in per capita consumption of edible vegetable oil of rural residents, which would gradually return to normal with the stability of economic society and the stickiness of consumption habits. In the long run, the improvement of consumption habits and income of rural residents in the process of urbanization could significantly promote their consumption of edible vegetable oil. In the short term, the change of consumption was mainly influenced by consumption habits, but not strongly correlated with urbanization level and rural residents′ income. Based on the above conclusions, in view of the problem of excessive edible oil intake in rural areas, suggestions were put forward to pay attention to the quality of urbanization construction, accelerate the implementation of rural revitalization, and guide rural residents to form healthy consumption habits.

摘要：城镇居民食用植物油消费量变化趋势影响着城乡居民整体食用植物油消费走向，深入研究其变化趋势和影响因素，可以为我国制定科学合理的粮油供给安全战略和相关产业发展政策提供参考。基于2000—2020年我国城镇居民人均食用植物油消费量及其影响因素数据，从宏观角度出发，利用城市化率、城镇居民家庭人均可支配收入、城镇食用植物油零售价格指数、消费习惯4个主要因素构建灰色GM（1，5）预测模型，并对2021—2025年城镇居民人均食用植物油消费量进行预测。结果表明：构建的模型平均相对误差绝对值为4.94%，满足模型预测要求；应用该模型进行预测发现，2021—2025年我国城镇居民人均食用植物油消费量恢复到10 kg以上，且呈小幅增长态势，叠加持续增长的城镇人口数量，我国油料油脂进口量将进一步增加。为此，提出了引导油脂消费结构调整、加强对食用油的质量安全监督、提高食用油利用效率和杜绝浪费等政策性建议。 The change trend of edible vegetable oil consumption of urban residents affects the overall consumption trend of edible vegetable oil of urban and rural residents. An in-depth study of its change trend and its influencing factors can provide a reference to China for formulating a scientific and reasonable grain and oil supply security strategy and related industrial development policies. Based on the datas of per capita edible vegetable oil consumption and influencing factors of Chinese urban residents from 2000 to 2020, a grey GM (1,5) prediction model was constructed from a macro perspective by using four main factors of urbanization rate, per capita income of urban households, urban edible vegetable oil retail price index and consumption habits, and the per capita consumption of edible vegetable oil by urban residents from 2021 to 2025 was predicted. The results showed that the absolute value of average relative error of the model constructed was 4.94%, which met the prediction requirements of the model. Applying this model for prediction, it was found that the per capita consumption of edible vegetable oil by urban residents in China would recover to over 10 kg from 2021 to 2025, with a slight growth trend. Coupled with the continuous growth of urban populations, China′s oilseed and oil imports would further increase. Therefore, policy recommendations was proposed, such as guiding the adjustment of oil consumption structure, strengthening quality and safety supervision of edible oil, improving the efficiency of edible oil utilization and eliminating waste.

Six kinds of perfluorinated vinyl ether-based copolymers were synthesized by thermal radical polymerization under normal atmospheric pressure and in nonfluorinated solvents. The “SuFEx” click reaction was used to conjugate with amine-terminated small molecules or polyethylene glycol (PEG) to form the graft copolymer or the polymer brush, and the related polymeric nanoparticles with high fluorine content were fabricated by aqueous self-assembly. The structure, molecular weight and glass transition temperature of the fluorinated copolymers were tested by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-NMR, 19F-NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results confirm the structures of those copolymers, and the copolymerization of perfluorinated vinyl ether with their nonfluorinated counterparts produce alternative copolymers compared to random copolymers from that copolymerization with vinyl acetate. Those copolymers containing sulfonyl fluoride group (SO2F) can be further grafted with amine-containing molecules with high efficiency by “SuFEx” reaction, and the micellar nanoparticles with high fluorine content, low critical aggregation concentration, and uniform size can be self-assembled in aqueous solution. Results of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate that fluorinated copolymers can self-assemble to form micelle like nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic diameter of about 120 nm as well as has low critical aggregation concentration. This work provides a simple method to synthesize fluorinated copolymers with high fluorine content that can be effectively modified by the “SuFEx” click reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a new synthesis method of perfluorophosphonate vinyl ether for phosphonic acid-based proton exchange membrane was reported. Perfluorinated sulfonyl vinyl ether was converted to perfluorinated sulfinic acid vinyl ether by sodium borohydride reduction and sulfuric acid acidification, and followed by iodination to obtain perfluorovinyl ether iodide with 58% yield. Based on the metal-halogen exchange reaction, perfluorovinyl ether iodide and halogenated (chlorine/bromine) phosphate ester were dissolved under nitrogen atmosphere, and then n-butyl lithium or Grignard reagent was dropwise added to the reaction at low temperature; according to the Michaelis-Becker reaction, perfluorovinyl ether iodide was mixed with diethyl phosphite, then sodium or lithium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide was slowly added, both methods could successfully produce perfluorophosphonate vinyl ether with yields of 34% and 25%, respectively. This strategy avoids the protection of unsaturated double bonds with highly toxic chlorine gas or liquid bromine, greatly simplifies the synthesis process compared to the reported ones, and provides a new way to synthesize functional perfluorinated vinyl ether monomers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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产业内贸易对我国油料安全具有深远影响。为推动我国植物油料贸易和产业的健康发展，从总体和分类两个层面分别计算2011—2020年中国植物油料的Grubel-Lioyd指数、Bruelhart边际产业内贸易指数以及Thom & McDowell指数，分析我国植物油料贸易现状，并提出相应建议。结果表明：近年来我国植物油料贸易增量主要来自产业间贸易，植物油料的总体产业内贸易水平偏低；Thom & McDowell指数表明近年来我国植物油料产业内贸易主要来自垂直型产业内贸易。基于此现状，针对性地提出实施差异化的植物油料产业内贸易发展战略，建立植物油料贸易可持续发展的长效机制，培育具备国际竞争力的大型农企集团，提升植物油料风险管控能力等相关政策建议。Intra industry trade has a profound impact on the safety of oilseeds in China. To promote the healthy development of China′s vegetable oilseeds trade and industry, the Grubel-Lioyd index, Bruelhart marginal intra industry trade index and Thom & McDowell index of vegetable oilseeds from 2011 to 2020 were calculated respectively from the overall and classification levels, further the current situation of vegetable oilseeds trade in China were analyzed and corresponding suggestions were proposed. The results showed that the increase of China′s vegetable oilseeds trade in recent years mainly came from intra industry trade, and the overall intra industry trade level of vegetable oilseeds was low. Thom & McDowell index showed that in recent years, China′s intra industry trade of vegetable oilseeds mainly came from vertical intra industry trade. Based on this, relevant policy suggestions were put forward, such as implementing a differentiated intra industry trade development strategy for vegetable oilseeds, establishing a long-term mechanism for the sustainable development of vegetable oilseeds trade, cultivating large-scale agricultural enterprise groups with international competitiveness, and improving vegetable oilseeds risk management and control capabilities.

我国是油料进口与消费大国，油料自给率低、严重依赖进口。当前地缘政治矛盾的加剧与贸易政策的不确定性令国际农产品市场出现动荡，我国油料贸易面临着错综复杂的国际环境。在油料进口量持续增加、对外依存度不断提高的背景下，分析目前我国油料进口贸易的总量特征，以及以大豆、油菜籽、花生为代表的大宗油料和以芝麻、葵花籽、亚麻籽为代表的特色油料的产品结构特征与国别特征，并进一步对大宗油料商品和特色油料商品的进口贸易特征及未来发展趋势作出判断。针对当前我国油料供给面临的国内外约束与风险，应大幅提升油料增产保供能力，积极拓展油料进口渠道，减少对贸易争端国的进口依存度，建立和完善油料安全预警系统与应急机制，从而促进我国油料产业的高质量发展，保障油料安全。China is a big importer and consumer of oilseeds, but the self-sufficiency rate of oilseeds is low and relies heavily on imports. At present, the aggravation of the geopolitical contradictions and the uncertainty of the trade policy make the international agricultural products market turbulent, and the oilseeds trade of China is facing a complex international environment. Under the background of increasing oilseeds import volume and increasing dependence on foreign countries, the characteristics of total volume of oilseeds import trade at present, the product structure characteristics and country characteristics of bulk oilseeds represented by soybean, rapeseed and peanut, and characteristic oilseeds represented by sesame, sunflower seed and flaxseed were analyzed. Furthermore, the import trade characteristics and future development trend of bulk oilseeds and characteristic oilseeds were judged respectively. In view of the current domestic and foreign constraints and risks of oilseeds supply, we should greatly improve the capacity of oilseeds production increase and supply assurance, actively expand oilseeds import channels, reduce the dependence on imports from countries with trade disputes, establish and perfect oilseeds safety early warning system and emergency mechanism, so as to promote the high-quality development of oilseeds industry and ensure oilseeds safety.

近年来，伴随着我国食用植物油自给率的持续走低，提高我国本土食用植物油料的供给、保障国家食用油安全上升为国家战略。通过梳理前人研究和官方信息，整理出2000—2019年我国传统八大食用植物油料的产量数据，并结合相关研究计算得出对应历年食用植物油本土供应量，同时建立Holt双参数线性指数平滑模型对我国本土食用植物油料和油脂的总供给进行预测，结合国家食用植物油发展规划，进一步分析当前制约我国食用植物油发展的因素，并提出针对性建议，以期为国家制定食用植物油料油脂发展规划，提高我国食用油自给率提供数据参考和技术支持。In recent years, with the continuous decline in the self-sufficiency rate of edible vegetable oil, it has become a national strategy to improve the supply of domestic edible vegetable oilseeds and ensure the safety of national edible oil. By combing previous studies and official information, the output data of China’s eight traditional edible vegetable oilseeds from 2000 to 2019 were sorted out, and the local supply of edible vegetable oils over the years in combination with relevant studies was calculated, while a Holt two parameters linear exponential smoothing model was established to predict the total supply of domestic edible vegetable oilseeds and oils. Combined with the national edible vegetable oil development plan, the factors restricting the development of edible vegetable oil in China were further analyzed, and targeted suggestions were put forward. It is expected to provide data reference and technical support for the state to formulate the development plan of edible vegetable oil and improve the self-sufficiency rate of edible oil in China.