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To study the effect of rice on water purification and fish yield in aquaculture ponds, two treatments were designed, namely the rice floating bed group (experimental group) and the conventional aquaculture group (control group). During the experiment, the physical and chemical indicators of water quality in two experimental ponds were regularly tested. After the experiment, the yield of farmed fish, survival rate, and rice yield were counted. The results showed that the average water temperature of the experimental group was slightly lower than that of the control group, and the transparency (SD) was higher than that of the control group; in the early stage of the experiment, the dissolved oxygen (DO) content in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and in the middle and later stages, the DO content was lower than that in the control group. During the experiment, the average removal rates of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2- -N), and chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) in the aquaculture pond water by rice floating bed were 30.6%, 29.6%, 27.9%, 21.0%, and 15.6%, respectively. The survival rate of different cultured fish in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, with a fish yield of 22 557.15 kg/hm² and a floating bed rice yield of 5 234.57 kg/hm². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]