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【Objective】The present study aimed to reduce environmental pollution caused by NH3, N2O and CH4 emissions in process of composting, and to improve the maturity of organic mature composting.【Method】Three aeration rates, including 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 L/（kg DM·min）, are set up to discuss the effects on composting maturity and NH3, N2O and CH4 emission in process of chicken manure and tobacco waste co-composting.【Result】After 35 days aerobic composting, 55 ℃ composting temperature could last more than 8 days under three aeration conditions, reaching harmless sanitation standard. The composting product had no toxic effect on crop growth, however, the composting maturity could not reach the maturity standard. The loss of carbon in forms of CH4-C and CO2-C accounted for 38.57 %-49.97 % of total organic carbon loss in the whole process of composting, while the loss of nitrogen in forms of NH3-N and N2O-N accouned for 37.56 %-46. 83 % of total nitrogen loss.【Conclusion】Considering composting maturity, and carbon and nitrogen loss comprehensively, the optimum aeration rate of chicken manure and tobacco waste co-composting is 0.4 L/（kg DM·min） [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper aims to provide theoretical and technical support for the efficient pesticide application of spring potato in high altitude areas of Guizhou. [Method] A field experiment was conducted on Weiyu 5, to explore the effects of different pesticide application dosage on disease index and biological effect of spring potato in Guizhou. [Result] After spraying the potato seedling rate were 89. 63% — 93. 37%, the disease index were 2.71% — 6. 17%. Compared with CK, the yield, number of single tuber and the yield of single plant increased by 1.55% —22.97%,2. 50% —30.00%,and 12.29% —42.68%,respectively. The best performance was obtained with 80% of the customary spraying dose. Pesticide spraying can significantly improve reducing sugar and starch content of potato, increase the reducing sugar content by 0. 01 —0. 14 percentage and starch content by 0.76 —7.43 percentage compared with CK. But the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and moisture content were not obviously affected. In terms of soil nutrient changes, the contents of soil organic matter, available potassium, available phosphorus, and alkalize nitrogen were increased by 6. 96% — 15. 47%, 1 . 75 — 36. 84%, 3. 57% —56. 09% and 10. 00% —14.99% respectively compared with CK. [Conclusion] In summary, 80% of customary spraying dose is recommended for high-yielding dryland spring potato cultivation in Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】This paper aimed to provide a theoretical basis for rational planting of tobacco in Guizhou yellow soil. 【Method】A field experiment was conducted with two plant patterns of rotation and continuous cropping in Zunyi city in the year of 2016 and 2017, and total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were consistent within a rotation period. Root morphology, yield and nutrient utilization of rotation and continuous were determined and soil nutrition was analyzed after flue-cured tobacco harvested. 【Result】Compared with continuous cropping of tobacco, root length, total surface area, total volume was obviously increased by 5601.1 cm, 1976.3 cm2 and 59.17 cm3 under rotation cropping of rice and tobacco, the average diamond was decreased by 0.17 cm. The yield and output of tobacco of the continuous pattern were 1098 kg·hm-2 and 28 548 yuan·hm-22, respectively, lower than that under the rotation cropping pattern. The absorption of N and K under rotation cropping were higher than continuous cropping. Soil pH at 0-20 and 20-40 cm were decreased after crop harvested, and the soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were increased in continuous cropping of tobacco. 【Conclusion】The nutrients uptake, yield and economic benefits of tobacco under rotation of rice and tobacco were better than continuous cropping of tobacco, so we should pay attention to the rotation of tobacco and rice or other crops to increase yield and output, thus to promote sustainable development of tobacco industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride and proper potassium deduction amount on potato growth, yield, economic benefit and potassium utilization rate were studied by the randomized block design to provide the theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation and efficient potassium utilization in potato production in single cropping region of Guizhou. Results: The potato yield is no significant difference between potassium sulfate and potassium chloride under the same potassium amount.The potassium fertilizer application amount in yellow soil with a high fertility can be decreased by 10 %.Potassium sulfate is suitably used as topdressing by stages but potassium chloride is suitably used as basal application and topdressing by stages.The input-output ratio of potato planted in yellow soil with a lower soil fertility reaches 3.79 under applying potassium chloride based on the application amount of the convention potassium( 150 K2 O kg/hm2). The agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency and current utilization efficiency of potassium fertilizer in soils with lower and higher fertility is up to 25.98- 33.34, 46.80- 78.85 kg/kg and 41.74 %- 56.70 %, separately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of potassium fertilizing amount (0, 60, 120, 240, 360 k/hm2) on potato dry matter accumulation, potassium absorption and utilization efficiency were studied to provide a scientific reference for potassium management in high-yield cultivation of potato. Results: (i) The accumulation amount of dry matter and potassium increased with potato growing. The dynamic changes could be fitted with Logistic equation. (ii) Compared with the treatment without applying potassium fertilizer, optimum potassium fertilizer (120, 240, 360 kg/hm2) could significantly enhance the accumulation amounts of dry matter and potassium 60 days after seedling emergence, while decreased 70 days later, which was still higher than the treatment without applying potassium fertilizer. (iii) Applying potassium fertilizer delayed the occurrence time of maximum accumulation rates of dry matter and potassium. And the higher the later. (iv) When potassium fertilizing amount was 120 kg/hm2，the yield reached 35 269 kg/hm2，and the agronomic efficiency and utilization rate were significantly higher than high-potassium treatments (240, 360 kg/hm2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the effects of the distribution of biological organic fertilizer on the soil quick nutrients, nutrient yield, yield and quality. Using taro No. 5, on the basis of reducing 25% slow-release fertilizer, different biological organic fertilizer and combination were applied to determine the seedling yield, agricultural properties, yield and quality, soil biochemical properties. The results showed that the biological organic fertilizer could improve the agricultural character, seedling emergence rate, soil nutrient, yield and potato block quality of potato. The application of biological organic fertilizer could improve the content of effective nutrients in soil and adjust the pH of soil. Among them, T4 treatment had the most obvious stimulation effect, increasing by 16. 80% compared with the treatment of single sustained-release fertilizer. And the potato potato block had the highest nutrient absorption amount. In terms of quality, T4 treatment had the highest content of crude protein, starch, reducing sugar and Vc, which was 26. 97%, 51. 67%, 166. 94% and 39. 63% higher than the control, respectively. Therefore, the application of bio-organic fertilizer with slow-release fertilizer could increase the effective nutrient content in the soil and improve the yield and quality of potato in the continuous cropping area, among which the T4 treatment effect of mixed application of bio-organic fertilizer I and bio-organic fertilizer was the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The effects of commercial organic fertilizer as the substitution of 20% chemical fertilizer on the growth, yield of spring maize and the soil fertility are explored, which provides reference for enhancing effect and reducing fertilizer application amount of maize in Guizhou. [Method] Taking Jingfeng 8 as the test material, the fertilization experiments of field-grown maize with cover film are implemented with conventional chemical fertilizer ( treatment 1, CK),80% nitrogen fertilizer + 3000 kg/hm² commercial organic fertilizer (treatment 2) and 80% nitrogen fertilizer + 4500 kg/hm2 commercial organic fertilizer( treatment 3) . [ Result] The yield of treatment 3 was the highest, which increases by 6. 83 % compared with treatment 1, and reached to the significant level. There were little differences in spike length, spike number and barren ear tip with different treatment, but treatment 3 owns the thickest spike (54.46 mm),the shortest barren ear tip (0. 83 cm) and the most kernel number per row (40). The plant height, stem diameter and ear height of treatment 2 was the best, which was obviously better than other treatments. The absorption amount of N, P and K in the stem of treatment 3 was the highest, which increases 3.33 %, 3. 06% and 1. 50% respectively compared with treatment 1,and increases by 5. 54%,6. 93% and 3. 70% respectively compared with treatment 2. The pH of treatment 3 was bigger than other treatments, and the total nitrogen and alkaline-hydrolysis nitrogen content was the highest too. [Conclusion] Commercial organic fertilizer as the substitution of 20% nitrogen fertilizer is beneficial for the growth, yield of spring maize, and fertility improvement. The stable yield of corn can be realized when 3000 kg/hm² commercial organic fertilizer is substituted for 20% nitrogen fertilizer. The yield, yield composition, total nitrogen and alkaline-hydrolysis nitrogen content are the best, and the soil acid improvement is better when 4500 kg/hm² commercial organic fertilizer is substituted for 20% nitrogen fertilizer. 4500 kg/hm² commercial organic fertilizer is recommended in substituting 20% nitrogen fertilizer for spring maize in Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes of biological character, yield and N, P, K and Mn content of rape planted on acid yellow soil were studied under different Mn stress to definite the effect of Mn on growing development, yield and nutrient content of rape planted on acid yellow soil. Results: Low Mn stress could stimulate growth of rape, and the height, fresh root weight, fresh weight of aerial part and seed yield of rape under low Mn stress was slightly higher than CK2 (normal application amount of N, P and K). Moderate Mn stress slightly decreases fresh root weight and root length of rape plants but had no obvious effect on height and fresh weight of aerial part. High Mn stress inhibits growth of rape significantly. Duration of seedling stage and budding stage, faint yellow spots appear around the edge of new leaves under moderate Mn stress, and when the edge of new leaves withers and new leaves appear the spoon shape under high Mn stress, Mn content in aerial part of rape reached 1433 mg / kg and fresh root weight, root length, fresh weight of aerial part and seed yield decreases by 15.2 g / plant, 4.67 cm, 16.9g / plant and 3.4 g/pot, respectively. Applying suitable CaCO3 could eliminate Mn toxicity of rape plants cultivated on acid yellow soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]