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[Objective] To study the nutrient laws of Hermetia illucens transformation treatment of kitchen waste. [Method]Using Hermetia illucens and kitchen waste as research objects, Hermetia illucens were used to convert kitchen waste at normal temperature (S1, S2, S3) and high temperature constant temperature (S1, S2, S3), and the reduction rate, conversion rate, insect protein, fat and other parameters of kitchen waste were measured. [Result] Hermetia illucens significantly increases the conversion rate of kitchen waste at temperatures ranging from 30 to 33℃ compared to normal temperature. S1, S2 and S3 increased the conversion rate by 9. 26%, 10. 73% and 19. 63% compared to C1, C2 and C3, respectively. The S3 group with 7. 2 kg added had the highest conversion rate, and a feed to insect ratio of 2. 68 to 3. 20 ∶ 1 showed its observable economic benefits. Hermetia illucens could convert 24. 46% of low protein and 21. 24% of low fat kitchen waste into high-quality feed and biodiesel raw materials with high protein and fat content of up to 43. 12% and 28. 58% in 21 days. 58. 32% - 62. 74% of protein and 60. 14%-63. 47% of fat in kitchen waste were ultimately converted into the protein and fat of the insect itself. [Conclusion]This utilization method of converting kitchen waste through Hermetia illucens will have great potential in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】Study the dynamic accumulation and distribution differences characteristics of protein,fat,and starch content in spring sowing and summer sowing maize grains,this could provide a reference for the breeding and production of specialized high-quality maize varieties.【Methods】Zhuyu 216,Zhuyu 902,Zhuyu 927,Zhengdan 958,and Yufeng 303 were chosen as the experiment material. The grains within the ear were collected 12 days after pollination,collected grains every 7 days,dry them to constant weight,maize grains protein,fat,and starch content were rapidly detected by near-infrared spectroscopy,to analyse the correlation between the dynamic accumulation of maize grains protein,fat,and starch,and to compare the differences in the dynamic accumulation and distribution of protein,fat,and starch content between spring sowing and summer sowing.【Results】The protein content of maize grains decreased sharply in spring sowing and then stable variation,while it increased again in summer sowing,showed a wave like pattern;the fat content of maize grains in spring sowing and summer sowing first increased and then decreased,the starch content of maize grains in spring sowing and summer sowing increased gradually with grain development,the total protein and fat content in spring sowing and summer sowing maize grains gradually decreased overall. The accumulation rate dynamic of protein,fat,and starch in spring sowing and summer sowing grains showed a zigzag pattern. The distribution of maize grains protein,fat,and starch showed an overall pattern of starch>protein>other>fat from 12 to 19 days after pollination of spring sowing,From 26 to 47 days after pollination,it basically showed starch>other>protein>fat.After pollination 12-18 days of summer sowing,the overall appearance showed starch>protein>other>fat,from 19 to 47 days after pollination,the basic appearance was starch>other>protein>fat. Correlation analysis showed a highly significant positive correlation between the dynamic accumulation of protein,fat,and starch（P<0.01）.【Conclusion】The dynamic accumulation and distribution of grains protein,fat,and starch of Zhuyu 216,Zhuyu 902,Zhuyu 927,Zhengdan 958,and Yufeng 303 in spring sowing and summer sowing were greatly affected by the environment. The dynamic accumulation of maize grains protein,fat,and starch showed a highly significant positive correlation with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Hydrobiology / Shuisheng Shengwu Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Hydrobiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the hepatic steatosis in osteoporosis (OP) model rats and the effect of the nourishing kidney, invigorating spleen, and promoting blood flow recipe. Methods Twenty-four 3-month-old SPF-grade female rats were optionally allocated into the sham-operation group (n=6) and the mock-up group (n=18). After the ovaries were removed to ascertain the success of modelling, 12 rats in the mock-up were randomly sampled, and the rats were gavaged with alendronate (n=6) and the nourishing kidney, invigorating spleen, and promoting blood flow recipe (n=6) for three months. BMD was detected using DXA. Micro CT was used to observe the bone microstructure. Biochemical tests were performed to detect ALT and AST. Oil-red O staining and HE sections were used to observe the changes in the liver. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the changes of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Results Compared to those in the sham group, ALT and AST in the mock-up group increased (P<0.05). BMD of the lumbar spine in the model group was lower than that in the sham-operated group (P<0.05). The number of bone trabeculae in the mock-up group was reduced and the bone microstructure was damaged. Fat infiltration in the liver was obvious in the mock-up group, and the hepatic lobes were unclear and the hepatic cords were far from regular. After intervention with the nourishing kidney, invigorating spleen, and promoting blood flow recipe, the fat infiltration was reduced and the hepatic lobes were clearer, and the hepatic cords were regular. Comparing to that in the mock-up group, the expression of GPX4 decreased in the model group (P<0.05). Conclusion Osteoporosis may also lead to fatty lesions in the liver. The nourishing kidney, invigorating spleen, and promoting blood flow recipe has the ability to slow down the fatty lesions in the liver of the rats. GPX4 may be involved in the relationship between osteoporosis and the progression of fatty liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The nutritional value of 16 varieties in the main producing areas of walnut was clarified, which provided certain theoretical basis for the breeding of improved walnut varieties in China. [Method] From 2018 to 2021, 16 locally promoted walnut varieties were collected from Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Shanxi, Gansu and other main producing provinces in China for four consecutive years. The nutritional components of protein, fat, mineral elements (Ca, Fe, Zn, Se), vitamin B1 and vitamin B6 were determined and analyzed by national standard method. [Result] Among the 16 tested walnut varieties, the Guangfeng variety produced in Sichuan had the highest protein and Zn content, the Wen 185 variety produced in Xinjiang had the highest fat content. The Cd and Fe contents of Chuanzao No.2 variety produced in Sichuan were the highest, and the Se content of Shuoxing variety was the highest. The Longnan 755 variety produced in Gansu had the highest content of vitamin B1. Lifeng variety produced in Sichuan had the highest content of vitamin B6. [Conclusion] The contents of protein, fat, mineral elements and vitamins of 16 domestic walnut varieties were higher. The Shuoxing variety was rich in Se elements, which could provide germplasm resources for the subsequent development of Se-rich walnut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is caused by excessive energy intake and reduced consumption，when the energy intake exceeds the containing capacity of adipose tissue（AT），AT undergoes functional disorders and triggers a series of metabolic related changes. Thyroid gland， being the key organ regulating the energy metabolism of the body，it exerts an profound influence on the adipose tissue，the main energy storage organ. It can regulate the glucose and lipid metabolism，mitochondrial function and phenotype change of adipose tissue through direct and indirect effects，and has an indispensable impact on the occurrence and development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In the past，researches on thyroid and fat mostly focused on the unilateral effect of thyroid on adipose tissue，while it’s been recently pointed out that adipose tissue can also affect thyroid function through lipotoxicity，secretion of adipokine and proinflammatory factors， leading to thyroid diseases such as thyroid nodules，thyroid dysfunction. This article describes the interaction between thyroid and adipose tissue and its role in the occurrence and development of obesity related diseases and thyroid related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: In recent years, studies have shown that obesity is closely related to chronic inflammation. Due to excessive energy intake, inflammatory macrophage infiltration and inflammatory response occur in visceral adipose tissue, which is crucial for the regulation of adipose tissue fibrosis. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the molecular mechanism of inflammation-related signals involved in the regulation of adipose tissue fibrosis and to provide reference for the treatment of adipose tissue fibrosis and related metabolic diseases through anti-inflammatory pathways. METHODS: Relevant documents were retrieved from CNKI and PubMed, and the Chinese and English search words were “inflammation, inflammatory factors, inflammatory signals, lip fibrosis, adipose fibrosis, adipose tissue fibrosis” respectively. The search period was from January 2003 to December 2022. Finally, 52 documents meeting the criteria were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During obesity, visceral adipose tissue expands through adipocyte proliferation and hypertrophy to store excess energy, and defects caused by remodeling or functional changes mainly include impaired angiogenesis, adipocyte apoptosis promoted by white adipose tissue hypoxia, macrophage infiltration, and adipocyte fibrosis. Adipose tissue fibrosis has adverse effects on the natural growth of adipose cells. The factors that trigger chronic inflammation of adipose tissue include a variety of signal stimuli, such as adipocyte death caused by hypoxia, mechanical signal transduction caused by extracellular matrix remodeling and lipogenic factor imbalance. Inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-type lectins and adiponectin secreted by adipocytes and other inflammatory signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB, transforming growth factor-β/Smad and MAPK jointly regulate the process of adipose tissue fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the content and distribution of muscle and fat in middle-aged and elderly people in Youjiang District of Baise City, and to provide basic data for in-depth study of anthropological in Baise City. Methods A total of 781 permanent residents (living continuously for more than or equal to 5 years) were randomly selected from Youjiang District of Baizi City in Guangxi, including 333 males and 448 females. The residents who were over 40 years old were divided into age groups, and their height, waist and hip circumference and body composition were measured. The muscle and fat content of middle-aged and elderly people in different genders were investigated.SPSS20.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Results A total of 781 middle-aged and elderly people completed the survey. The muscle mass of men was higher than that of women [ (45.21±5.54) kg vs. (33.78±3.58) kg],and the body fat rate was lower than that of women [ (21.76±5.91) % vs. (31.51±6.58) %].The muscle mass, fat mass, and body fat rate between males and females in the same age group were compared, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.01) .Conclusion The total muscle mass of middle-aged and elderly male and female residents in Youjiang District of Baise City decreases with age, while the body fat rate increases with age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted using 0.81 g Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae as the subjects to study carbohydrate to lipid ratio in the feed on the growth, physiological and biochemhe effects of differentical indices, and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei under a salinity of 30 mg/kg. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic feeds were prepared, with a protein level of 41% and carbohydrate-lipid ratios of 4.01∶1, 3.29∶1, 2.78∶1, 2.21∶1, 1.75∶1, and 1.42∶1, respectively. Each group had 3 replicates, with 30 shrimps in each replicate. The results showed that: the survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with a carbohydrate-lipid ratio of 3.29∶1 was significantly higher than those fed with ratios of 2.21∶ 1 and 1.42∶ 1 (P<0.05). The specific growth rate of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with a carbohydrate-lipid ratio of 2.78∶ 1 was significantly higher than those fed with ratios of 4.01∶1 and 3.29∶ 1 (P<0.05). The amylase activity of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with a carbohydratelipid ratio of 4.01∶ 1 was significantly higher than those fed with ratios of 1.75∶1 and 1.42∶1 (P<0.05). The hexokinase activity of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with a carbohydrate-lipid ratio of 4.01∶1 was significantly higher than the other groups. The liver glycogen content of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with a carbohydrate-lipid ratio of 3.29∶1 was significantly higher than those fed with a ratio of 1.42∶1 (P<0.05). The blood protein concentration of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with a carbohydrate-lipid ratio of 1.75∶1 was significantly higher than those fed with ratios of 1.42∶ 1 (P<0.05). The blood glucose content of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with a carbohydrate-lipid ratio of 4.01∶1 was significantly higher than those fed with a ratio of 1.42∶1 (P< 0.05). The cholesterol content of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with a carbohydrate-lipid ratio of 1.42∶1 was significantly higher than those fed with ratios of 4.01∶1, 3.29∶1, 2.78∶1, and 2.21∶1 (P<0.05). The triacylglycerol content of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with a carbohydrate-lipid ratio of 1.42∶1 was significantly higher than those fed with a ratio of 4.01∶1 and 2.21∶1 (P<0.05). Moreover, the crude fat content of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with carbohydrate to lipid ratio of 1.42∶1 was significantly higher than those fed with ratios of 4.01∶1, 3.29∶1, and 2.78∶1 (P<0.05). The results of the experiment showed that the optimal starch and fat requirements for Litopenaeus vannamei were 18.97% and 6.83%, respectively, and the optimal carbohydrate to lipid ratio was 2.78∶1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Captive breeding of the Bengal tiger（Panthera tigris tigris）represents an effective approach for preserving this endangered species. However, the confined conditions of captivity cause health issues in tiger, with nephritis being a par⁃ ticular concern. Current treatment modalities for nephritis in captive tigers are plagued by limited efficacy. In order to iso⁃ late, identify and culture adipose mesenchymal stem cells of Bengal tiger for nephritis treatment, adipose tissue was col⁃ lected, and adipose mesenchymal stem cells were isolated using type Ⅰ collagenase digestion method then followed by subsequent culture. The cell proliferative activities of P3, P6 and P9 generations were measured using CCK8 method and the growth curves were plotted. Specific marker genes of the mesenchymal stem cells surface protein were verified using PCR and the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation ability of adipogenic mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated by in⁃ ducing using specific media. The results showed that the Bengal tiger adipose mesenchymal stem cells exhibited an elon⁃ gated spindle-like morphology with commendable refractivity and proliferation. The growth curves of P3, P6 and P9 genera⁃ tion cells showed a typical “S” shape, which were consistent with the growth curve of mesenchymal stem cells reported. In addition, surface marker genes CD44, CD90, CD105 and CD29 were successfully amplified by PCR. The induced differen⁃ tiation experiment results showed that adipose mesenchymal stem cells displayed the ability to differentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Based on these results, the cells obtained in this study showed characteristics consistent with pre⁃ viously reported mesenchymal stem cells, indicating that Bengal tiger adipose mesenchymal stem cells were successfully isolated. The effective isolation of tiger adipose mesenchymal stem cells holds promise as a potential cell-based therapeutic intervention for tiger nephritis, which may prove to have significant clinical benefits in terms of preserving the overall health and extending the lifespan of tigers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Existing evidence concerning the relationship between daytime napping and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is inconsistent, and whether the effects of napping differ by body fat percentage (BFP) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between daytime napping frequency and T2D risk and whether such an association was modified by BFP and CRP. Methods We included 435 342 participants free of diabetes from the UK Biobank. Participants were categorized as nonnappers, occasional nappers, and frequent nappers based on napping frequency, and BFP/CRP was divided into quartiles. Cox proportional hazards models were used. Results During a median follow‐up of 9.2 years, 17 592 T2D cases occurred. Higher frequency of daytime napping was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2D. Compared with nonnappers, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for occasional nappers and habitual nappers were 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–1.32) and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.41–1.57), respectively. There was a significant additive and multiplicative interaction (relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI] = 0.490, 95% CI 0.307–0.673; p for multiplicative interaction

[ Objective]The study aimed to clone the CDS region of EGR2 gene transcript XI (EGR2-XI) of bovine, detect the expression patterns of EGR2-XI in different tissues and preadipocytes of different differentiation degrees, and predict the structure and function of its encoded protein. [Method] CDS region of EGR2-XI gene was cloned by PCR and sequencing techniques. Then, preadipocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion. In addition, the expression level of EGR2-XI gene was detected in 7 tissues ( heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, muscle and back fat) and during preadipocytes differentiation by RT-qPCR. At the same time, the physicochemical properties and protein structures of EGR2-XI were analyzed by ProtParam, Phyre2, NetPhos 3.1 and other software. [Result]The CDS region of bovine EGR2-XI was successfully cloned and it was 1458 hp in length. It encoded an unstable 485 amino acid hydrophilic protein without transmembrane structures and signal peptides. The protein contained three typical zinc finger domains, and its amino acids were mainly composed of irregular coiled and extended chains, which mainly played roles in the nucleus. At the same time, the prediction of protein interaction network found that EGR2-Xl may interact with SOXI0, EGRl, EGR3 and other proteins. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the genetic relationship between bovine and buffalo was the closest, and zebrafish was the farthest. It was indicated that EGR2-Xl protein was highly conserved among different species. EGR2-Xl gene was expressed in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, muscle and back fat, with the highest expression in the lung, followed by back fat and liver, and the lowest in kidney. The expression level of EGR2-Xl gene was the highest on the 3nl day, then gradually decreased, and the lowest on the 7th day. [ Conclusion]EGR2-XJ plays an important role in regulating the proliferation, differentiation and lipid metabolism of bovine adipocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes have the characteristics of strong damage repair function, high safety, passing blood-brain barrier, convenient material acquisition, and easy mass production, which makes it has the great potential in the treatment of traumatic central nervous system injuries. OBJECTIVE: To review the experimental research on the application of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in the treatment of traumatic central nervous system injury in recent years, its research achievements and limitations, prospect the future development, and provide personal suggestions. METHODS: CNKI, WanFang, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles using “adipose, mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, traumatic central nervous system injury, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, pathology” as the search terms in Chinese and English. Totally 42 articles that met the criteria were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) By summarizing relevant literature conclusions, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes are used to treat traumatic central nervous system injury through the following mechanisms: inhibiting inflammation in the injured area through nuclear factor-kB, MAPK and other pathways, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis through JNK3/c-jun, SRSF2-PKCδII-Bcl2 pathways, and promoting nerve regeneration through cAMP-response element binding protein, neurofilament protein, growth-associated protein 43, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and myelin basic protein pathways. (2) Existing problems: the above research results are from preclinical experiments. The neuroprotective effect of miR-133b overexpressed in adipose mesenchymal stem cells in this paper is inconsistent with the conclusions of other studies, and needs further verification. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes may have the risk of obesity and cerebral hemorrhage in the field of traumatic central nervous system injury, and their safety needs further study. The biological components and therapeutic mechanisms of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes are not well explored. At present, there is no unified consensus on the standardized preparation, storage, transportation and administration strategies (including time, route and dose) of adipose mesenchymal stem cell exosomes. (3) In conclusion, adipose derived stem cell exosomes have a great application potential in traumatic central nervous system injury. Preclinical research in this field should be strengthened and gradually transferred to clinical research, so as to provide a new treatment for traumatic central nervous system injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarco-osteoporosis is a geriatric syndrome in which sarcopenia coexists with osteoporosis. Sarco-osteoporosis has become a significant health threat to the elderly due to the increasing aging process of the society. There is currently strong evidence pointing to the beneficial effects of specific dietary interventions to prevent sarco-osteoporosis. Protein, amino acids, and creatine being the most studied nutrients in this regard. However, creatine has been much less studied than others. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the results of recent studies on the use of creatine supplementation as adjuvent therapy in the prevention of sarco-osteoporosis. The preliminary elaboration of the role of creatine in bone, muscle, and fat may provide new research ideas not only for the study of the possible mechanism of creatine on bone, muscle, and fat, but also for the prevention and treatment sarco-osteoporosis. Although there are conflicting views in the effects of creatine administration on bone, muscle, and fat, there is ample evidence that supplementation with appropriate amounts of creatine may help to reduce sarco-osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ovarian cancer is characterized by insidious onset and poor prognosis, and among gynecological malignancies, its mortality rate ranks first, which poses a serious threat to women’s health worldwide. In recent years, increasing evidence has suggested that modifiable lifestyle factors, particularly dietary factors, played important roles in the prognosis of ovarian cancer. As important nutrients, dietary fats and fatty acids can affect various vital physiological functions in human beings. However, the association of dietary fat and fatty acid intake with the prognosis of ovarian cancer remains unclear. Therefore, this review aims to analyze the existing epidemiological evidence between the two variables by searching the literature to provide dietary suggestions for ovarian cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Existing evidence concerning the relationship between daytime napping and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is inconsistent, and whether the effects of napping differ by body fat percentage (BFP) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between daytime napping frequency and T2D risk and whether such an association was modified by BFP and CRP. Methods: We included 435 342 participants free of diabetes from the UK Biobank. Participants were categorized as nonnappers, occasional nappers, and frequent nappers based on napping frequency, and BFP/CRP was divided into quartiles. Cox proportional hazards models were used. Results: During a median follow‐up of 9.2 years, 17 592 T2D cases occurred. Higher frequency of daytime napping was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2D. Compared with nonnappers, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for occasional nappers and habitual nappers were 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–1.32) and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.41–1.57), respectively. There was a significant additive and multiplicative interaction (relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI] = 0.490, 95% CI 0.307–0.673; p for multiplicative interaction <.001) between napping and BFP, whereby a higher hazard of T2D associated with more frequent napping was greatest among participants in the highest BFP quartile (HR = 4.45, 95% CI: 3.92–5.06). The results for CRP were similar (RERI = 0.266, 95% CI: 0.094–0.439; p for multiplicative interaction <.001). Conclusions: Higher daytime napping frequency is associated with an increased T2D risk, and such relationships are modified by BFP and CRP. These findings underscore the importance of adiposity and inflammation control to mitigate diabetes risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the past few years，a unique type of adipose tissue，surrounding our cardiovascular system but cerebrovascular， known as perivascular adipose tissue（PVAT），has been seen as a new kind of adipose tissue different from the classic visceral fat due to its unusual anatomic location and function. PVAT exerts a bidirectional effect on the cardiovascular system，including the protectional role under physiological state and the deleterious influence under pathological state，through the release of vasoconstrictive/ relaxant adipokine in a paracrine/endocrine manner，the induction of inflammation and phenotypic transformation of adipocytes. PVAT also shows a potential role in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease（CVD）as a new parameter and intervention. In this review，we will discuss the characteristics of PVAT to distinguish from classic adipose tissue and its effect on CVD under physiology/ pathology conditions，also，its application in CVD diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective]To explore the effects of different types of kitchen wastes on the growth and development of T. molitor with a view to resource reuse of kitchen wastes. [Method]Kitchen waste was divided into washed and unwashed groups, rice, vegetable and meat groups, the effects of different feeding environments such as high oil and high salt conditions, starch, cellulose, and protein on the growth and development, mortality, pupation rate, protein and fat content of the worms were studied. [Result]The larvae of T. molitor were able to ingest the nutrients from kitchen waste for growth, and the utilization rate of kitchen waste in the washed group was significantly higher than that in the unwashed group; the mortality of larvae feeding on the unwashed groups were significantly higher than that in the control group and the washed groups; the pupation rate and fat content in the meat group with washed were significantly higher than all other groups. [Conclusion]Kitchen waste can be used to raise T. molitor to supplement nutrients, and it is recommended that washed kitchen waste can significantly reduce mortality, and the meat group with high protein content can increase the fat content of the worms and improve pupation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells possess self-renewal and multiple differentiation potential. Muse cells are able to differentiate into all three germ layers, and exhibit non-tumorigenicity and low telomerase activity. It is a seed cell in the fields of tissue engineering, cell transplantation and gene therapy, providing a broad prospect for the treatment of various clinical diseases. OBJECTIVE: To study the biological characteristics of Muse cells from umbilical cord derived and adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, and provide experimental data for obtaining sufficient Muse cells for clinical research. METHODS: Umbilical cord derived and adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells were incubated with trypsin for different time. The cell survival rates and SSEA3 expression were detected by Trypan Blue staining and Flow cytomertry. Muse cells were obtained by suspension adherence method. Alkaline phosphatase staining was used to obtain the pluripotency of Muse cells. Muse cells underwent multi-lineage differentiation under different induction conditions. Oil red O staining, Alizarin Red S staining, and Von Kossa staining were used to compare the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. RT-PCR was used to detect the changes in pluripotent stem cell marker genes Oct-3/4, Nanog, SSEA-3 and Muse cells induced differentiation related genes doublecortin, neuron-specific enolase, lipoprotein lipase, osteopontin, and alpha-fetoprotein expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under trypsin incubation extension, survival rates of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells and adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells were decreased, accompanied with SSEA-3 expression increased. (2) Alkaline phosphatase staining was positive in Muse cells and negative in mesenchymal stem cells. (3) SSEA-3, Nanog, and Oct-3/4 were highly expressed in Muse cells compared with mesenchymal stem cells. Nanog and Oct-3/4 were highly expressed in adipose-Muse cells compared with umbilical cord-Muse cells. Oil red O, Alizarin Red S, and Von Kossa staining results showed that Muse cells had stronger adipogenetic and osteogenetic abilities than mesenchymal stem cells. (4) Mesenchymal stem cells and Muse cells had different differentiation efficiencies under the action of adipogenesis, osteogenic induction culture medium, neuronal cell induction liquid, and hepatocyte induction liquid, but they all highly expressed lipoprotein lipase, osteopontin, neuron-specific enolase, doublecortin, and alpha-fetoprotein. The above genes were highly expressed in Muse cells compared with mesenchymal stem cells. (5) To conclude, umbilical cord derived and adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells showed the best SSEA-3 positive rate and survival rate after trypsin digestion for 4 hours. The SSEA-3 positive rate of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells was higher than that of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells. Muse cells obtained from umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells and adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells highly express pluripotent stem cell genes and are able to differentiate into three germ layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: At present, the construction of engineered adipose tissue through seed cells, scaffold materials and extracellular microenvironment is one of the most potential directions for use in soft-tissue defect reconstructions. However, graft resorption attributed to lack of effective vascular network and blood supply is a major limitation for wider application of adipose tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: To review the related research on how to establish a blood vessel network and effective engineered adipose tissue vascularization based on hydrogel scaffold. METHODS: The computer was used to search for articles on CNKI, Wanfang, and PubMed databases from January 2010 to June 2020. The search terms were “tissue engineering, adipose tissue, adipose-derived stem cell, hydrogel, vascularization” in Chinese and English. Relevant articles were summarized and finally 88 articles were included to analyze the results. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are four main vascularization strategies for tissue engineered fat constructed with hydrogel materials: Tissue engineering chamber model; adipose-derived stem cells co-cultured with vascular endothelial cells; hydrogel scaffolds loaded with cytokines; application of suitable hydrogel scaffold with angiogenic properties. Therefore, the application of hydrogel materials to establish highly biomimetic adipose tissue units, combined with effective vascularization techniques, will further improve the efficiency of soft tissues repair and reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biology Teaching is the property of East China Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The increased risk of osteoporotic fracture is independent of bone mineral density, whereas the effects of muscle and fat on the fracture risk have not been quantitatively assessed. OBJECTIVE: To identify the relationship between bone mineral density, muscle and the risk of osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Clinical data from 1 032 postmenopausal women, aged 40-49 years, who were admitted at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, were collected and analyzed. The bone mineral density and body composition were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and the fracture risks at the major sites in the next 10 years were assessed using the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX®), released by the World Health Organization. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mean age of all the subjects was 64 years (range, 40 to 90 years). Mean bone mineral densities of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip were (0.78±0.16), (0.64±0.14), and (0.76±0.15) g/cm², respectively. The appendicular lean mass and appendicular lean mass index were (15.9±2.4) kg and (6.57±1.77) kg/m² respectively. The fracture risk calculated in 10 years by using the FRAX for hip fracture and major fracture was 4.2% (2.8%, 6.9%) and 1% (0.3%, 2.4%), respectively. The appendicular lean mass index showed a negative association with major fracture and hip fracture risks (P < 0.05). All these findings indicate that the appendicular lean mass index associated with an increased risk of a major fracture or hip fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the correlation of the intake of different nutrients with the levels of serum lipids and uric acid. Methods Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey （CHNS2009）， a total of 1 343 individuals were finally included by ID matching with demographic data, serological tests and dietary nutrition results. We compared serum lipids and uric acid levels between groups of different nutrients intake (group Q1-Q4）and conducted the correlation analysis. Results The total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG)，and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in the men were significantly higher than those in the women, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) was significantly lower in the men. The average intakes of daily energy, carbohydrate, fat and protein were significantly higher in the males than in the females. Intergroup comparisons and correlation analyses showed that total energy and protein intakes were positively correlated with TG (r=0. 070 9，P=0. 008 4；r=0. 051 7，P=0. 012 3), while fat intake was positively correlated with TC (r=0. 086 1，P=0. 001 4）. The blood uric acid level was positively correlated with the intake of fat and protein (r= 0. 127 3，P<0. 001；r=0. 138 0，P<0. 001）. The results of subgroup analysis of the males were consistent with those of the whole population. However, there was a significantly negative correlation between carbohydrate intake and blood uric acid level in the females (r=− 0. 107 9，P＝0. 002 2）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that TC， TG and uric acid were correlated with gender， age and intake of different nutrients. Conclusion The levels of blood uric acid and lipids are significantly higher in men than in women. Different types of dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia are related to different nutrient intakes in different genders and ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment studied the effect of adding rumen bypass fat powder, glucose and propylene glycol in perinatal dairy cow's diet on lactation performance of dairy cows. In the experiment, 40 Chinese Holstein cows with similar body condition in the pre-perinatal period were randomly divided into four groups, with five replicates in each group and two cows in each replicate. The diet of the treatment group was supplemented with 200 g/d in the basic diet of rumen bypass fat powder (fat group), glucose (glucose group) and propylene glycol (propylene glycol group). The test period was 30 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the addition of rumen bypass fat powder, glucose and propylene glycol to the perinatal dairy cow's diet could increase the milk production of dairy cows by 6.28%, 5.93% and 7.43% respectively (P>0.05), and the peak milk production days were advanced by 2.56% and 7.69% and 11.54% respectively (P>0.05). The number of somatic cells in the milk of the glucose group decreased by 12.5% (P>0.05), and the somatic cells in the propylene glycol group and the fat group were significantly reduced by 40.0% and 57.5% (P<0.05). The experiment indicates that adding rumen bypass fat powder, glucose and propylene glycol exogenous energy feed to dairy cows during the perinatal period can increase the peak milk production of dairy cows, promote the advancement of the peak milk production day and significantly reduce the number of somatic cells, and alleviate the postpartum energy of dairy cows negatively stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The combination of bioelectrospray and electrospinning can promote the direct integration of living cells and scaffold materials, and can distribute the cells evenly among scaffold fibers, which is a promising alternative to the preparation of scaffold containing cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility using multiple methods to prepare poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) three-dimensional scaffolds rich in adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) as urethral tissue reconstruction materials. METHODS: The ASCs were integrated into PLGA by electrospinning and cell bio-electrospray method. The cell scaffold PLGA-ASCs was obtained. The pure PLGA scaffold was prepared by electrospinning. The microstructure, in vitro degradation, mechanical properties and residual solvent content of the two scaffolds were detected. The cell viability of PLGA-ASCs was detected by MTT assay. PLGA-ASCs were cultured in 37°C cell incubator for 1, 7 and 15 days. MTT assay was used to detect cell viability. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy were used to observe the growth and diffusion of ASCs on the scaffolds. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scanning electron microscopy showed that the fiber surface of PLGA-ASCs and PLGA scaffolds was smooth, and ASCs were randomly distributed on PLGA-ASCs scaffolds. The average fiber diameter and thickness of PLGA-ASCs scaffolds were larger than those of PLGA scaffolds. The cell survival rate in PLGA-ASCs scaffolds was (87.0±4.4)%, and the cell integration efficiency in PLGA-ASCs scaffolds was 28%. (2) In vitro degradation experiment showed that weight average molecular weight of PLGA scaffolds decreased rapidly in the first 15 days. The weight average molecular weight of PLGA-ASCs scaffolds decreased rapidly on 15-45 days. There was no difference in weight average molecular weight between the two groups at 45 days. (3) Young’s modulus, maximum load, and maximum elongation of PLGA-ASCs scaffolds were lower than those of PLGA scaffolds. (4) During 1-7 days of culture, the number of cells in PLGA-ASCs scaffolds gradually increased, and the number of cells in PLGA-ASCs scaffolds increased gradually from 7 to 15 days. (5) The results of scanning electron microscope observation and confocal microscope showed that the number of cells in PLGA-ASCs scaffolds increased gradually and integrated with the scaffolds with the extension of culture time. (6) The results showed that PLGA-ASCs had good physical and chemical properties and biological activity, and could be used as urethral tissue reconstruction materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, recent studies have found that the presence of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification can be detected in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, adipocytes, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and osteosarcoma cells. It can affect the translation of mRNA and/or non-coding RNA of related genes by regulating the methylation of RNA in cells, which can activate cell signal transduction pathways, regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and DNA damage repair. In turn, it can regulate the physiological and pathological processes such as bone development, joint degeneration, fracture healing, and the occurrence and development of bone tumors. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the latest research results and specific mechanisms of m6A modification in osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and other orthopedic diseases in recent years, and to offer inspiration for the development of new treatment strategies for orthopedic diseases. METHODS: CNKI and PubMed were searched with the keywords of “N-6 methyladenine, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, orthopedic diseases” for literatures regarding m6A methylation modification in orthopedic diseases from their inception date to June 2020. According to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, 61 articles were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During the accelerated development of osteoporosis, METTL3-mediated m6A methylation and FTO-mediated m6A demethylation affect the expression of related genes and further regulate the bone formation and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METTL3-mediated m6A methylation plays an important role in the development of osteoarthritis by regulating nuclear-κB signaling in chondrocytes and extracellular matrix synthesis. METTL3/m6A inhibits the osteogenic mechanism in the fracture healing process by targeting the regulation of osteoblast-related miR-7212-5p. METTL3 activates Wnt/β-catenin signals by regulating the m6A level of lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 and accelerates the progression of osteosarcoma by regulating the m6A methylation of ATAD2 gene. Therefore, m6A modification is involved in the pathological progresses of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and other orthopedic diseases. The in-depth study of m6A modification provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the pathogenesis of orthopedic related diseases, and provides therapeutic thoughts and references for orthopedic diseases based on epigenetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Hydrobiology / Shuisheng Shengwu Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Hydrobiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic disease characterized by decreased bone strength and fragility fracture. Bone marrow adipocytes are the important factors that affect both the occurrence and development of OP. Early detection of changes in bone marrow fat content will be helpful for the clinical diagnosis and the treatment of OP. Many imaging methods, including dual energy quantitative CT, Micro-CT, water-fat separation technique, and magnetic resonance spectrum, have been used to evaluate bone marrow fat in OP. The present paper summarizes the research progress of OP bone marrow fat with these imaging methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)