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为了开发适用于食用油的安全、高效黄曲霉毒素吸附剂，以一种半干法制备的钙基蒙脱土为研究对象，采用单因素实验和正交实验优化了蒙脱土脱除花生油中黄曲霉毒素B1的工艺,利用等温吸附实验研究了其吸附机制，并考察蒙脱土吸附对花生油品质的影响。结果表明：在蒙脱土添加量0.5%、吸附温度110 ℃、吸附时间30 min的条件下，黄曲霉毒素B1的脱除率最高，为（95.15±0.01）%，花生油中黄曲霉毒素B1的含量降低至（1.995±0.607） μg/kg，符合国家标准（GB 2761—2017）要求；蒙脱土吸附花生油中黄曲霉毒素B1符合Ferundlich模型，表明该吸附是物理多层吸附和化学单层吸附的复杂过程；蒙脱土对黄曲霉毒素B1的吸附亲和力强，最大吸附量可达0.1 mg/g；该蒙脱土还可改善花生油的色泽，降低花生油的酸值和过氧化值，且总生育酚和总甾醇保留率较高。该蒙脱土是一种安全、高效的黄曲霉毒素B1吸附剂，可用于油脂加工中。 To develop a safe and high-efficiency adsorbent for removal afloxins from edible oil, a calcium-based montmorillonite prepared by semi-dry method was used as a research object. The removal process of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from peanut oil by montmorillonite was optimized by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment and the adsorption mechanism was studied by isothermal adsorption experiment. In addition, the effect of montmorillonite on the peanut oil quality was studied. The results showed that under the conditions of montmorillonite dosage 0.5%, adsorption temperature 110 ℃ and adsorption time 30 min, the removal rate of AFB1 was the highest, which was (95.15±0.01)%, and the content of AFB1 in peanut oil was (1.995±0.607) μg/kg, which could meet the national standard (GB 2761-2017). The adsorption process of AFB1 in peanut oil by montmorillonite could be well fitted with Freundlich equation, indicating the adsorption of AFB1 by montmorillonite was a complex process including physical multilayer adsorption and chemical monolayer adsorption. The montmorillonite had a strong adsorption affinity for AFB1 and the highest adsorbing capacity was up to 0.1 mg/g. The montmorillonite also could improve the color, and reduce the acid value and peroxide value of peanut oil. The retention rates of total sterols and total tocopherols were high. The montmorillonite is a safe and efficient AFB1 adsorbent, and can be used in oil processing.

为了开发高效、环保的食用油脱色剂，以一种环保方法（半干法）生产的蒙脱土为研究对象，研究其在不同脱色条件（脱色温度、脱色时间和脱色剂添加量）下对大豆油、葵花籽油和菜籽油品质的影响。结果表明：该蒙脱土具有吸附色素和过氧化物从而降低油脂红值和过氧化值的作用，与脱色前相比，大豆油、葵花籽油和菜籽油的红值最大降幅分别为77.4%、92.3%和87.2%，过氧化值最大降幅分别为82.7%、83.2%和91.2%；蒙脱土用于3种植物油的脱色，植物油中总甾醇和总生育酚含量下降，而酸值总体上缓慢上升。进一步研究发现，在相同的脱色条件下，蒙脱土对大豆油、葵花籽油和菜籽油的酸值、总甾醇含量和吸油率的影响结果均优于活性白土，尤其是吸油率几乎是活性白土的一半。蒙脱土可替代活性白土用于对色泽要求不是很高的植物油脱色中。 The effects of montmorillonite produced with the semi-dry method on the qualities of soybean oil, sunflower seed oil and rapeseed oil under different bleaching conditions (bleaching temperature, bleaching time and dosage) were investigated to develop an efficient and environmentally friendly bleaching agent for edible oil. The results showed that the bleaching agent(montmorillonite) had the function of adsorbing pigments and peroxides to reduce red value and peroxide value. Compared with oils before bleaching, the red value of soybean oil, sunflower seed oil and rapeseed oil was decreased by 774%, 92.3% and 87.2% (the largest reduction), respectively, the peroxide value was decreased by 827%, 832% and 912% (the largest reduction), respectively. When montmorillonite was used for the bleaching of three kinds of vegetable oils, the content of total sterols and total tocopherols in vegetable oils decreased, while the acid value increased slowly. Further research found that the effect of montmorillonite on the acid value, total sterol content and oil absorption rate of soybean oil, sunflower seed oil and rapeseed oil was better than that of activated clay under the same bleaching conditions, especially the oil absorption rate was almost half of that of the activated clay. Montmorillonite can be used as a substitute for activated clay in the bleaching of vegetable oils where the colour requirements are not very high.

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Objective To investigate the expression and significance of TGF-β1，TIMP-1 and Collagen III in the vaginal wall of patients with pelvic organ prolapse （POP）. Methods A total of 28 POP patients who underwent surgery in the Department of Gynecology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from March 2020 to December 2020 were selected as the POP group，which were divided into 7 cases of grade II， 16 cases of grade III，and 5 cases of grade IV according to POP-Q staging method. Thirty patients with complete hysterectomy and/or bilateral adnexectomy without POP due to gynecological benign lesions were selected as the control group. The expressions of TGF-β1，TIMP-1 and Collagen III in vaginal wall tissue were identified by immunohistochemistry. Results The IRS score of TGF-β1，TIMP-1 and Collagen III in the POP group were significantly lower than those in the control group，with the statistical significance （P < 0.05）. The IRS scores of TGF-β1，TIMP-1 and collagen III in patients with grade II，grade III and grade IV in the POP group gradually decreased with the increase of degree，and the differences were statistically significant （ P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between TIMP-1 and TGF-β1 expression in the vaginal wall tissue of the POP group （r = 0.381， 0.519，P < 0.05）. TGF-β1 expression was positively correlated with TIMP-1 expression （r = 0.270，P < 0.05). Conclusion Collagen III，TIMP-1 and TGF-β1 are low expressed in vaginal wall tissue of pop patients，which may be involved in the occurrence and development of pop，and may be correlated with the severity of the disease. Collagen III，TIMP-1 and TGF-β1 in the vaginal wall tissue of pop patients are correlated to some extent，and they have a certain synergistic effect，jointly participating in the occurrence and development of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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