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针对重构等效啁啾（REC）技术是否适用于氮化镓激光器的问题,提出了一种基于该技术的405nm波段分布反馈（DFB）半导体激光器。基于传输矩阵法对该结构激光器的光学性能进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,利用该技术实现的激光器具有良好的光电特性,阈值电流约为25.6 mA,斜效率约为1.17 mW/mA,在30、50和70 mA的注入电流下,分别得到了404.93、404.87和404.82nm的单模激射,边模抑制比都超过了40dB。这一结果为此技术在氮化镓激光器上的应用提供了参考。

提出一种基于重构等效啁啾（REC）技术的1 550nm波段氮化铟分布反馈（DFB）半导体激光器。在传输矩阵法（TMM）的理论基础上,对该结构激光器的各项光学性能进行仿真分析。结果表明,基于该技术设计的激光器具有良好的光电特性,阈值电流很小,约为6.1mA,斜效率为0.31mW/mA;在20mA的注入电流下得到了1 549.09nm的单模激射,边模抑制比均超过了39dB。同时,分析了激光器腔长和有源层厚度对其光电特性的影响,腔长越长,功率越低且烧孔效应越强;随着有源层厚度的增大,阈值电流也随之增高。这一结果可以为氮化铟DFB激光器的设计加工提供一定的参考。

根据等效介质理论和严格耦合波理论,提出了可见光波段下基于氧化铝材料的亚波长导模共振光栅滤波器的理论设计与仿真方法。利用Rsoft软件分别仿真分析强调制和弱调制下的氧化铝光栅反射光谱,并探讨了光栅周期（400～420nm）、占空比（0.2～0.8）和光栅厚度（117～367nm）等结构参数的改变对光栅光谱特性的影响。仿真结果表明,氧化铝光栅在610nm波长处具有优秀的滤波效果:旁带

光衰减器在解决信道功率平衡、光纤系统指标测量和全光网络的功率匹配等问题上有着不可或缺的作用。文章基于高斯光束传播及衍射场理论分析,研究了挡光片型可变光衰减器内部光场的分布情况。基于矩形、三角形、圆形3种挡光片,对挡光片型光衰减器进行了实验研究。通过实验与理论结果的比较,得到了3种挡光片的位置与衰减量关系曲线,结果表明,三角形挡光片光衰减器性能更佳。

根据严格耦合波理论和等效介质理论,研究了工作于1 3001 400nm波段的基于硅基GaN（氮化镓）亚波长光栅的导模共振滤波器。分别讨论了在强调制光栅和弱调制光栅作用下,滤波器反射谱对光栅周期和入射角度的敏感性。利用其对入射角度的敏感性,结合仿真分析设计了一种利用微机电系统静电梳齿驱动器改变光栅角度从而控制不同的共振波长输出的角度可调谐硅基GaN导模共振滤波器。仿真分析结果表明,在强调制情况下,角度可调谐范围为0.55.7!,波长可调谐范围为1 3191 352nm,FWHM（半高全宽）

根据TMM（传输矩阵理论）,对采用ZnMgO/ZnO为工作物质的紫外波段DFB（分布反馈）半导体激光器的结构进行设计与仿真。当占空比为0.5,光栅周期为92.5nm,光栅高度为65nm时,得到了364.8nm出射波长。通过改变有源层的厚度,分析了不同有源层厚度时激光器阈值电流与输出功率的关系。仿真结果表明,有源层太厚会减弱对载流子的限制作用,使阈值电流增大;而有源层太薄时,波导层对光子的限制效果减弱,导致损耗增大,功率下降,阈值电流增大。所以合理选取有源层厚度可改善DFB激光器的电流功率特性。

根据严格耦合波理论和介质平板波导理论,利用Comsol Multiphysic软件仿真设计了基于单晶n-ZnO/p-AlGaN LED（发光二极管）结构的DFB（分布反馈）半导体激光器的光栅结构。针对LED结构加电压后发射近紫外光,分析了二维电场模式分布图,得出单纵模传输随着光栅不同参量的变化情况。分析表明,在4 V正向偏置电压下,当占空比为50%、光栅周期为109.2 nm、光栅高度为69.8 nm时,光谱线宽窄、单模选择性好,电场模达5.877 4×107V/m。为电泵浦DFB半导体激光器的设计与加工提供了一定的基础。

根据RCWT（严格耦合波理论）和等效介质理论,提出了在可见光波段的基于半导体材料氮化铟的亚波长光栅导模共振滤波器的结构设计和仿真方法,并探讨了滤波器反射谱对光栅参数的敏感性。在维持滤波器高峰值反射率、低旁带和窄线宽不变的条件下,利用其对光栅周期的敏感性,结合仿真提出了利用微机电系统梳齿驱动器改变光栅周期（ΔT为099.7nm）从而线性地控制共振波长输出（调谐范围为23nm）,实现了半高全宽小于1.15nm的可调谐反射型导模共振滤波器。

依据严格耦合波理论和介质平板波导理论,基于MEMS（微机电系统）技术,利用周期可调谐的布拉格光栅设计了一种基于氮化铝的波长可调DFB-LD（分布反馈激光器）。采用梳齿状驱动器驱动光栅动态调节,并利用有限元软件COMSOL对其在1 310nm波段进行模拟仿真。对激光器电场模式图进行分析,确定了DFB-LD的光栅结构参数。分析表明,激光器输出波长与光栅周期呈线性关系,且一个光栅周期对应多个不同的光栅高度值。在小于模式截止光栅高度的情况下呈20nm周期性分布。依据光栅周期和激射波长的关系,提出了制作1 2901 330nm波段可调激光器的可能性。

根据严格耦合波理论和等效介质理论,提出了针对C波段、基于半导体材料氮化镓的亚波长导模共振滤波器结构及设计方法。详细探讨了在强调制光栅的高占空比作用下,光栅周期和入射波角度对滤波器反射谱共振波长的影响。在保持滤波效果为高衍射率（共振波长峰值反射率达到99.5%以上）、低旁带和窄线宽的条件下,利用其对入射波角度的敏感性,结合仿真数值提出了一种通过MEMS（微机电系统）平面反射镜调谐入射角角度（04.07°）,从而线性地控制共振波长输出（调谐范围为36nm）,实现峰值半宽高低于0.8nm的C波段可调滤波器。

基于亚波长光栅的泄漏模共振效应和等效介质理论,利用Comsol Multiphysics软件设计分析了针对1 550nm工作波长的一维悬浮亚波长氮化镓光栅偏振分束器。通过改变光栅的宽度、高度以及周期来确定最终的参数。仿真结果显示,在正入射条件下,该偏振分束器在C波段（1 5301 565nm）对TE模具有很高的反射率,同时对TM模具有很高的透射率,消光比达到20dB以上,TM模透射率高于98%。

为测量数据在光纤传输过程中的时延和误码率,设计了以光纤为传输介质的高速数据收发电路,采用TLK1501作为电信号到光信号的接口器件,利用FPGA（现场可编程门阵列）设计了接收端和发送端的单元电路,并对接收到的数据进行了比对,做误码分析。实验结果证明,该电路设计可靠性高,具有较高的实用性。

Harmonious doctor-patient and nurse-patient communication are prerequisite for establishing a strong relationship with patients and ensuring the quality of nursing. This paper introduced the basic concept of doctor-patient communication, analyzed the role of doctor-patient and nurse-patient communication in clinical nursing work, investigated effective strategies of doctor-patient and nurse-patient communication, and provided reference for clinical nursing practice. (合理的医患沟通是建立良好护患关系、保证护理服务质量的前提和基础。本研究介绍医患沟通基本概念, 分析医患沟通在临床护理工作中的重要性, 研究临床护理中医患沟通的有效策略, 以期为临床开展医疗服务提供参考。)

This article summarizes the integrated Traditional Chinese and Western medicine nursing of a patient with pneumonia caused by Chlamydia psittaci. A comprehensive nursing risk assessment was carried out, followed by the dietary nursing, body temperature monitoring, emotional care and other basic nursing interventions. Based on the concept of Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome differentiation, Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing techniques such as auricular acupoint pressing and acupoint application therapy were carried out to control the infection, improve the immunity of the patient and accelerate the rehabilitation. (本文总结1例鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎患者的中西医结合护理经验。基于护理评估和中医辨证施护, 在饮食护理、体温护理、情志护理等常规干预基础上, 给予耳穴压丸调理脏腑、穴位贴敷止咳中医护理适宜技术, 有效控制肺部感染, 提高患者免疫力, 促进患者康复。)

Objective To investigate the application of nurse-led chain management in extended care of children undergoing surgical treatment for Hirschsprung’s disease. Methods Totally 60 children with Hirschsprung’s disease were divided into control group and observation group according to the sequence of hospital admission, with 30 cases in each group. The control group received routine perioperative nursing management, and a nurse-led chain management model was adopted in perioperative nursing management and extended care of children in the observation group. Intervention efficacy was evaluated via incidence of postoperative complications and satisfaction of children’s parents. Results The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0. 05). Parents of children in the observation group were more satisfied with nursing service compared with those in the control group(P＜0. 01). Conclusion The nurse-led chain management in extended care is potentially effective to reduce the risk of postoperative complications and improve the quality of life of children with Hirschsprung’s disease. (目的 探讨以护士为主导的链式管理模式在先天性巨结肠患儿术后延续性护理中的应用效果。方法 将60例先天性巨结肠患儿按照入院时间分为对照组与观察组, 各30例。对照组接受常规先天性巨结肠围手术期管理模式, 观察组采用链式管理协同延续护理模式。干预6个月后评价效果。结果 观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。观察组患儿家属对护理工作的满意度高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。结论 以护士为主导的链式管理模式有利于减少术后并发症的发生, 对提升先天性巨结肠患儿术后生活质量具有积极意义。)

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Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To understand the current awareness of hemodialysis access-related knowledge in maintenance hemodialysis patients, summarize the existing problems and health needs, and provide opinions and suggestions for the development of health education plan. Methods The phenomenological research method of qualitative research was used to interview 15 maintenance hemodialysis patients, and the data were analyzed to refine the theme. Results After in-depth analysis, four themes were obtained: Insufficient knowledge of hemodialysis access; One-sided understanding of hemodialysis access protection; Dialysis patients have many doubts about diet knowledge, blood pressure control and thrombosis; Various sources of health education information. Conclusion Maintenance hemodialysis patients have a poor knowledge of hemodialysis access, and their awareness of protecting access is not strong. Medical staff should optimize the form of health education to meet the health needs of patients and improve the attention of patients to hemodialysis access. (目的 了解目前维持性血液透析患者血液透析血管通路(血透通路)相关知识的知晓情况, 总结其存在的问题以及健康需求, 为制定健康教育计划提供意见和建议。方法 采用质性研究中的现象学研究法, 深入访谈15名维持性血液透析患者, 并对资料进行分析, 提炼主题。结果 经过深入分析, 提炼出4个主题: 血透通路相关知识掌握不足; 对血透通路的保护认识片面; 透析患者对饮食知识、血压控制以及血栓形成方面存在许多疑惑; 健康教育信息来源多样。结论 维持性血液透析患者对血透通路相关知识的掌握程度较差, 保护通路的意识不强。医护人员应创新健康教育形式, 满足患者的健康需求, 提高患者对血透通路的重视程度。)

Objective To understand the feelings and to explore the motivations of domestic obese people undergoing bariatric surgery. Methods Phenomenological research design and semi-structural interviews were conducted on 15 obesity patients who undergoing bariatric surgery, and the collected data were analyzed with the method of Colaizzi Phenomenological analysis. Results By analyzing and sorting out the data, 5 themes related to the motivation of pursuing bariatric surgery were put forward: improving health and longevity; treating obesity-related complications; improving quality of life; improving appearance, self-image and social interaction, and controlling poor eating behavior. Conclusion Improving health and prolonging life, treating obesity-related diseases and optimizing quality of life are the biggest reasons for obesity patients to seek bariatric surgery. When giving patients the choice of obesity treatment and outcome education, these factors should be taken into account, which will help to individualization encourage obese patients to better accept bariatric surgery. (目的 了解国内肥胖人群进行减重手术的心理感受, 探索国内肥胖症患者寻求减重手术的动机。方法 对15名进行减重手术的肥胖症患者进行半结构访谈, 并用质性研究中的Colaizzi现象学研究方法整理、分析资料。结果 通过分析和整理资料提炼出减重手术动机相关的5个主题: 改善健康和寿命; 治疗肥胖相关合并症; 提高生活质量; 改善外表、自我形象和社会互动以及控制不良饮食行为。结论 改善健康延长寿命、治疗肥胖相关疾病和优化生活质量是促使肥胖症患者寻求减重手术的最主要的原因。当对患者进行肥胖症治疗方案选择和结果教育时, 医护人员应考虑上述因素, 个性化激励国内肥胖人群更好地接受减重手术。)

address the increasing demand for skilled talents and to foster integration into the development of the “Four New” areas, a blended teaching model that harmoniously combines theoretical knowledge with practical application to promote innovation has been established, thereby enhancing the synergy between teaching and mentoring. Specifically designed to suit the unique needs of the inorganic chemistry curriculum, this method intricately weaves education in innovation and entrepreneurship with conventional academic instruction through a variety of strategies. These strategies encompass the redesign of course content, the creation of a comprehensive resource repository, the adoption of innovative teaching methodologies characterized by “one interconnectivity, three integrations, and two reflections”, the implementation of a holistic “trinity” assessment and evaluation system, and the initiation of pioneering innovative practice activities. This pedagogical model empowers students to not only grasp professional knowledge but also significantly enhances their scientific knowledge, innovative thinking, and research capabilities, making a substantial contribution to the “Four New” construction initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Curriculum ideological and political education is a strategic initiative in higher education to nurture individuals with strong moral character and fulfill the fundamental mission of cultivating talents. This paper focuses on enantiomers and integrates professional knowledge with literary classics, professional ethics, exploratory spirit, innovative research, and national sentiments. It explores the mirror relationship in literary works, the biological activity of enantiomers, and the research of Chinese scientists on asymmetric synthesis. The goal is to establish an organic chemistry curriculum that synergizes intellectual and moral education, aiming to develop students' professional skills and enhance their ideological and moral qualities, ultimately nurturing chemists who possess both talent and integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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目的　探讨局部晚期食管癌患者血清微小RNA-193b(miR-193b)、miR-330-5p水平与新辅助放化疗疗效 的关系. 方法　选取局部晚期食管癌患者180例, qRT-PCR法检测患者血清miR-193b、miR-330-5p. 于新辅助放化 疗后评估放化疗疗效, 将完全缓解+部分缓解患者定义为放化疗有效者, 疾病进展+稳定患者定义为放化疗无效者. 比较新辅助放化疗有效与无效的局部晚期食管癌患者临床资料, 取有统计学差异的临床资料进一步纳入多因素 Logistic回归分析. 采用多因素 Logistic回归分析局部晚期食管癌患者新辅助放化疗无效的影响因素, 并通过绘制 受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清 miR-193b、miR-330-5p 对局部晚期食管癌患者新辅助放化疗无效的预测价 值. 结果 180例局部晚期食管癌患者中行新辅助放化疗有效者 84例、无效者 96例, 新辅助放化疗有效与无效的 局部晚期食管癌患者肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤 N 分期、血清 miR-193b、血清 miR-330-5p 比较差异均有统计学意义(P 均<0. 05). 多因素 Logistic 回归分析结果显示, 低血清 miR-193b、低血清 miR-330-5p是局部晚期食管癌患者新 辅助放化疗无效的独立危险因素(P均<0. 05). ROC曲线分析结果显示, 血清miR-193b、血清miR-330-5p预测局部 晚期食管癌患者新辅助放化疗无效的AUC依次为0. 752、0. 777, 两项指标联合预测局部晚期食管癌患者新辅助放 化疗无效的AUC为0. 829. 结论　行新辅助放化疗有效的局部晚期食管癌患者血清miR-193b、miR-330-5p水平高 于放化疗无效的患者, 血清 miR-193b、miR-330-5p低水平是局部晚期食管癌患者新辅助放化疗无效的独立危险因 素, 两者联合对局部晚期食管癌新辅助放化疗疗效具有-定预测价值. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lubrication Engineering (0254-0150) is the property of Editorial Office of LUBRICATION ENGINEERING and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate cortical thickness changes in the face-head region of the primary motor cortex (PMC) and its effect on survival in amyotrophy lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 105 ALS patients who underwent head MRI scan at the same time. The A4hf (face-head) region of PMC was used as the region of interest (ROI). According to clinical symptoms, patients were divided into two groups: bulbar involvement and non-bulbar involvement. The differences of clinical features and cortical thickness in ROI were analyzed. According to the symptoms of bulbar palsy, physical examination of nervous system and EMG of tongue muscle, the patients with bulbar palsy were divided into lower motor neuron (LMN), upper motor neuron (UMN) and LMN+UMN groups. The differences of bulbar subgroup score and ROI of cortical thickness were analyzed. Age at onset, body mass index, delayed time of diagnosis, bulbar subgroup score, and ROI cortical thickness were included in survival analysis. Results (1) The ROI cortical thickness was significantly lower in bulbar involvement group than non-bulbar involvement group (-0.198±0.87 vs. 0.235±0.95, P=0.017). (2) There were no significant differences in the bulbar subgroup scores or cortical thickness of ROI between LMN, UMN and LMN+UMN groups (P＞0.05). (3) Survival analysis showed age of onset (HR=3.296, 95% CI:1.63-6.664, P=0.001), delayed time of diagnosis (HR=0.361, 95% CI:0.184-0.705, P=0.003), bulbar subgroup score (HR 0.389, 95% CI:0.174-0.868, P=0.021), and ZRE＿ROI cortical thickness (HR=2.309, 95% CI:1.046-5.096, P=0.038) were independent influencing factors of ALS survival. Conclusion Cortical thickness in A4hf (face-head) region can more objectively reflect UMN signs of region bulbar. In addition to age of onset and delayed time of diagnosis, bulbar subgroup score and cortical thickness of face-head region are also independent influencing factors, and cortical thinning in face-head region is a protective factor for survival of ALS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The involvement of upper motor neuron (UMN) degeneration is crucial to the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study aimed to determine objective and sensitive UMN degeneration markers for an accurate and early diagnosis. Methods A total of 108 ALS patients and 90 age-and gender-matched control subjects were recruited from ALS Clinic of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University. The motor homunculus cortex thickness data in MRI were collected from all the participants. The clinical characteristics and UMN clinical examination of bulbar, cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral regions were collected from the ALS patients. Results Cortical thickness was significantly thinner in the ALS group than in the control group in bilateral head-face-bulbar and upper-limb areas (P＜0.05). The cortical thickness of the global UMN positive group was significantly thinner than that of control groups in bilateral head-face-bulbar and upper-limb areas (P＜0.05). The cortical thickness of the UMN positive group in the corresponding region was significantly thinner than that of control groups in bilateral head-face-bulbar and upper-limb areas (P＜0.05). Conclusion The thinning of the motor homunculus cortex can be used as an objective marker of UMN involvement in ALS patients in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Medical Sciences) is the property of Xian Jiaotong University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Medical Sciences) is the property of Xian Jiaotong University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Belt and Road Initiative aims to achieve common development and prosperity for all countries. Building a scientific and reasonable geopolitical risk assessment system is an important prerequisite for participating countries to prevent and resolve geopolitical risk. Taking 64 countries in the six economic corridors of the Belt and Road Initiative as the assessment object, this study builds a geopolitical risk assessment system based on post-transaction costs. It analyzes the geopolitical risk level, spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, and influencing factors using the full array polygon graphical indicator method, Global Moran's I, and the spatial Durbin model. The research results show that: 1) From the time dimension, the geopolitical risks of participating countries show a trend of first rising and then falling, reaching a peak in 2015. 2) From the perspective of spatial distribution, high-risk areas are mainly concentrated in the Middle East and South Asia, while medium to high risk areas are concentrated in Indochina and the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the low to medium risk countries are Western Pacific island countries, while low-risk countries are mainly in Central Europe. The clustering characteristics of geopolitical risks are obvious. The results of Global Moran's I show that from 2011-2020, the geopolitical risk concentration area was initially located in the Middle East and South Asia, and then in 2015, Europe and East Asia also experienced high geopolitical risks. By 2020, it was still mainly concentrated in the Middle East and Eastern Europe, however, generally, the regions with high geopolitical risk will still be mainly concentrated in the Middle East and Eastern Europe. 3) The research results on the factors influencing geopolitical risks indicate that political stability, economic freedom, economic growth, increased education expenditure, and better natural resources have a significant inhibitory effect on geopolitical risk, while increases in the unemployment rate, population size, and oil resources, will to some extent, promote the generation of geopolitical risks. The indirect effect results show that political stability, economic freedom, and the unemployment rate of the host country have a significant impact on surrounding countries. Based on this, we believe that countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative need to improve their government governance capabilities, accelerate their modernization transformation, effectively utilize the resources, funds, and technologies brought about by the Belt and Road Initiative. Furthermore, actively integrate into the regional economic cooperation framework of the Belt and Road Initiative and improve their ability to manage geopolitical risks. This study enriched the evaluation system of geopolitical risks. During the construction of the evaluation indicators, the results emphasized the sudden and violent characteristics of geopolitical risks, further explained the violent confrontation and economic game existing in geopolitical risks, and effectively enriched the literature on the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of geopolitical risks of countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative. It should be pointed out that there are still some limitations in this study. This study is based on countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative and there are deficiencies in the discussion of geopolitical risk for countries not in the region. Future research can be based on a global perspective, further enriching the evaluation index system of geopolitical risk, and conducting more in-depth research on the spatial transmission path and geopolitical risk avoidance measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Atomic Energy Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Board of Atomic Energy Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Medical Sciences) is the property of Xian Jiaotong University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of South China Agricultural University is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)