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The experiment was conducted to study the effect of CPAE (including kelp, sweet potato and rhus salt) replacing ZnO on growth performance, diarrhea, intestinal development and immune function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four 28-day-old 'Landrace x Yorkshire' first-born weaned piglets with the body weight of (8.20 ± 1.78) kg were randomly divided into two groups with six replicates in each group and two piglets in each replicate. The ZnO group was fed the basal diet supplemented with an additional 2 kg/t ZnO, and the CPAE group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 1 kg/t CPAE without additional ZnO. The experiment lasted for 14 d. The results showed that compared with ZnO group, there were no significant differences in average daily gain, average daily feed intake, feed to gain ratio and digestibility of crude protein and ether extract of weaned piglets in CPAE group (P>0.05). Dietary CPAE had no effect on diarrhea rate of weaned piglets (P>0.05), but significantly increased villus height and villus crypto-ratio of duodenum (P<0.05). In CPAE group, IgA and IgG content of weaned piglets were significantly increased (P<0.01), and ALP and ALT activity of weaned piglets were significantly decreased (P<0.01). The experiment indicates that the substitution of ZnO by CPAE has similar effects in anti-diarrhea, growth promotion and maintenance of intestinal mucosal barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A double-ring geometric simplified model of the leakage process of diesel engine cylinder-piston ring is established for quantitatively detecting the leakage condition of diesel engine in the non-dismantling state. The mathematical expression of leakage area of piston ring is deduced by analyzing the flow and pressure changes of the cylinder air during compression stroke. The influence of thermal defor- mation of piston ring on the leakage is analyzed, and an equivalent air leakage area detection model of cylinder- piston ring is established. The results show that the equivalent air leakage area is consistent with the wear condition of diesel engine cylinder liner, the correlation with the working condition of diesel engine is low, and the proposed model can reflect the current leak condition of diesel engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the future development requirements of independent altimetry satellite, a two-satellites tandem mode is designed which can cover the whole ocean area with 1'×1' resolution after 2.3 years of flying. Firstly, two gravity field inversion methods for independent marine altimetry satellite are proposed, one of which takes the tandem orbital characteristics into account while the other does not. Secondly, the simulation calculation of random error propagation under normal distribution is carried out by using the inverse Vening-Meinesz method, and the corresponding indices of error under the two approaches are obtained.Based on the above error indexes, the corresponding precision indexes of the two kinds of gravity field inversion methods in the tandem flight mode are calculated respectively.Among, the second inversion method makes full use of the characteristics of the relative orbit determination by using the east-west observations in the tandem mode, and takes account of the systematic error characteristics of the propagation error and geophysical correction error under the close-range conditions. Therefore, the vertical deflection accuracy of the second inversion method is higher than that of the first inversion method, and its gravity field inversion also has certain advantages accordingly.The theoretical calculation results show that using the first inversion method, we can get a gravity anomaly accuracy of 6-10 mGal in 2.3 yearsand 4.2-7.1 mGal in 4.6 years; while using the second inversion method, a gravity anomaly accuracy of 3.9 mGal in 2.3 years and 2.8 mGal in 4.6 years can be obtained, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the common problem of plow pan which affects the growth of crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (HHHP), agronomists are calling for a management practice to ameliorate plow pan. Little information is currently available on the effects of breaking the plow pan partially or thoroughly on the soil water content, penetration resistance and crop growth in HHHP. In order to better understand the effect of plow pan on soil water retention and crop yield, 4 treatments were conducted including the original plow pan (RT15), breaking the plow pan by 1/3 of thickness (DL20), breaking the plow pan by 2/3 of thickness (DL25) and breaking the plow pan thoroughly (DL40) in the HHHP, aiming to explore the effect of different thickness of plow pan on soil water characteristics, the dynamics of penetration resistance and crop yield. The result showed that breaking the plow pan could reduce the bulk density and penetration resistance for 10-30 cm soil layer significantly, with a trend of DL40 < DL25 < DL20 < RT15. Breaking plow pan could increase water infiltration after irrigation or rainfall, and the average soil water content of 20-70 cm soil layer increased by 5.3%-23.6% and 7.7%-15.8% compared with RT15 treatment at seedling stage of summer maize and winter wheat separately. Because of uneven seasonal distribution of precipitation in HHHP, breaking the plow pan was beneficial for winter wheat to make full use of soil water in the deep soil layers, and could reduce the ineffective dissipation of soil water by promoting the water storage during summer maize season. The water consumption of DL20, DL25 and DL40 treatment increased by 4.9%, 10.2% and 11.6% separately compared with RT15 during winter wheat season, however, the water consumption of DL20, DL25 and DL40 treatment decreased by 5.8%, 7.6% and 10.5% respectively compared with RT15 during summer maize season. Because of the influence of temperature, soil water content, tillage practice and crop growth, the dynamic changes of penetration resistance under different topsoil structures were different from each other. The dynamic changes of penetration resistance of 0-15 and 15-30 cm during winter wheat season were similar with that of 0-15 and 15-30 cm during summer maize season. However, the penetration resistances of 30-45 cm under different treatments at the late growth stage of winter wheat and summer maize were different from each other. The penetration resistance of 30-45 cm under different treatments at the late growth stage of winter wheat was manifested as DL40 > DL25 > DL20 > RT15, while that of summer maize was DL40 < DL25 < DL20 < RT15. Compared with traditional topsoil structure, breaking plow pan could improve water use efficiency, and eventually promoted crop yield. However, the highest yields of winter wheat and summer maize were found at DL25, and the crop yield of the treatment with plow pan broken thoroughly (DL40) was relatively lower. Considering the yield of winter wheat and summer maize under DL40 treatment decreased by 4.2% and 2.4% respectively compared to DL25, the relatively better way to transform the plow pan without consuming much energy was DL25 which not only possessed permeable performance, but also could promote the crop yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three methods including offset centre of gravity retracker (OCOG), threshold method and Brown-Hayne model are evaluated in this paper. Retracking experiments were conducted for Bohai, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea areas using Jason-2 20 Hz Sensor geophysical data recorder (SGDR). The results show that the iterative least square method has an accuracy of 2 cm, comparing favorably to the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) method issued by CNES in the four sea area. A 50% threshold value yields superior performance than other values applied to the China seas area with an accuracy of 3~6 cm and bias of 4~10 cm in contrast to the MLE method. The OCOG method delivers less accurate results but this may be due to the initial value in the Brown-Hayne model. The correction quantity with respect to the normal tracking points increases when close to continents and islands, especially in the South China Sea, as the biggest correction is 1m;radar waveforms are affected when satellite tracks cross the Xisha archipelago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to realize the rapid estimation of soil pH in tobacco field on the regional scale. [Method] 296 tobacco field soils in Sichuan province were studied. The spectral reflectance of 390 - 2500 nm band of farmland soil was obtained by hyperspectral imaging technology. The effects of 12 spectral preprocessing methods, 2 characteristic band screening methods and 4 modeling methods on the accuracy of the hyperspectral estimation model of soil pH in tobacco field were systematically studied. [Result] In the range of 600 - 2500 nm, the spectral reflectance curves of different pH were obviously different. The accuracy of the estimation model was improved after single and combination preprocessing of the original spectrum. Among them, the first derivative (Dl) combined with standard normal variate (SNV) was the best spectral preprocessing method. A total of 93 soil pH characteristic bands were selected by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) algorithm, which were mainly concentrated in the near infrared band 800 - 2500 nm. Both kernel ridge regression (KRR) and support vector machine (SVM) could obtain better estimation accuracy than partial least square regression (PLSR) and ridge regression (RR), regardless of spectral features obtained by all-band spectrum or principal component analysis dimension reduction. However, the estimation accuracy of PLSR and RR models was higher than that of KRR and SVM models in the feature bands screened by CARS. Based on Dl-SNV preprocessing method, the PLSR estimation model of soil pH established by using CARS screening characteristic bands had high accuracy, the coefficient of determination of model validation set was 0. 758, the root mean square error was 0. 555, and the residual prediction deviation was 2. 034. [Conclusion] It is feasible to use hyperspectral imaging technology to estimate the pH of tobacco field with high accuracy at regional scale, and the pH can be estimated by D1-SNV-CARS -PLSR model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on least squares collocation, adaptive fusion algorithm based on observation signals is deduced. The airborne gravity data, satellite gravity data and land gravity data of Bohai bay area are combined by the adaptive fusion algorithm based on observation signals. The accuracy of gravity observation data is improved after fusion. Tectonic stress field in Bohai area is inversed using gravity observation data after adaptive fusion.Combined with earthquake historical data, tectonic stress field in Bohai area is analyzed. Characteristics of Tectonic stress field in Bohai area are summarized. There is a close relationship between gravity and tectonic stress. The direction of tectonic stress field is towards the north.Tanlu and Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault zone are consistent with tectonic stress field in Bohai area. Tectonic stress is gathered in high degree in these Fault zone. And the value of tectonic stress is higher than others as well.It is showed that the tectonic movement is active in Tanlu Fault and Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault from Tangshan to Zhangjiakou, corresponding with historical earthquake data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the risk profile of venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) and evaluate VTE prophylaxis implementation of the hospitalized cancer patients in the DissolVE 2 study. Methods The data of hospitalized cancer patients in the DissolVE 2 study were analyzed. The risk distribution of VTE, preventive measures and in-hospital VTE events of hospitalized patients with tumors were described by percentage and 95% confident interval ( CI). Results A total of 1 535 cancer patients were included. According to the Padua score, 826 (53.8%) patients were at low risk of VTE, while 709 (46.2%) patients were at high VTE risk. VTE events occurred in 4 low-risk patients (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.1%, 1.2%) and 5 high-risk patients (0.7%; 95%CI: 0.2%, 1.6%). The overall incidence was 0.6% (9/1 535, 95%CI: 0.3%, 1.1%). Among patients with high VTE risk, 666 (93.9%) did not receive any VTE prophylaxis, and only 11 (1.6%) patients received appropriate VTE prophylaxis. Among patients who received VTE prevention, no VTE event was observed. Conclusions Nearly half of the hospitalized cancer patients are at high risk of VTE, but most of them don't receive VTE prophylaxis. The results reflect the insufficient management of VTE risk for hospitalized cancer patients in China, and improvement of awareness and practice of VTE prophylaxis is urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective： To investigate the efficacy of acupuncture combined with functional electrical stimulation on dysphagia after acute stroke,and to find out a new effective therapy. Methods： A total of 93 patients with dysphagia after acute stroke, who were treated in department of neurology medicine and emergency in Tongren Affiliated Hospital of Medicine Collage of Shanghai Jiaotong University from July 2010 to July 2014, were chosen as the research subjects and randomly divided into three groups(group A, B and C), with 31 patients in each group. Based on the conventional medical treatment and rehabilitation training,group A was added acupuncture, group B, functional electrical stimulation, and group C, acupuncture combined with functional electrical stimulation. Then the drinking water test scores before and after treatment and the efficacy were compared among the three groups. Results： Compared with before treatment, drinking water test scores of three groups after treatment decreased (P<0.05), and drinking water test score of group C was significantly lower than that of group A and group B, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The total effective rate(93.5%) in group C was significantly higher than that(67.7%) in group A and that(74.2%) in group B, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion： The efficacy of acupuncture combined with functional electrical stimulation is much better than that of acupuncture or functional electrical stimulation alone in the treatment of patients with dysphagia after acute stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effects of lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on restraining the mouse pancreatic cancer cells LTPA by the polarization of macrophages to type 1 macrophages (M1). Methods LTPA tumor model of the subcutaneous CB-17SCID mice was constructed. Model mice were randomly divided into tumor-bearing model group (n=10) and LBP treatment group (n=10). The LBP treatment group was fed 10mg/kg LBP every day, and the tumor-bearing model group was fed the same dose of normal saline. The same amount of macrophages Raw264.7 was randomly divided into the control group and experimental groups (different concentrations of LBP). MTT assay was used to detect the optical density (OD) of Raw264.7 in experimental groups and control group. ELISA was used to detect the levels of the interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-10 in experimental group (LBP was 100 mg/L) and the control group. Flow cytometry was used to test the levels of the membrane protein CD16/32 and CD206 in experimental group (LBP was 100 mg/L) and the control group. The tumor mass was weighted and volume was calculated after three weeks. The effects of LBP on the growth of subcutaneous tumor were detected. HE staining and KI-67 staining were used to detect the microscopic changes of tumor and the proliferation of the LTPA. Results The dose of 100 mg/L LBP can promote the growth of the macrophages Raw264.7 (P < 0.01), and induced the high expression of CD16/32 and low expression of CD206, high secretion of IL-12 and low secretion of IL-10. The weight, volume of the tumor and the expression of KI-67 were significantly lower in experimental group than those in the control group (P < 0.01). The microscopic necrosis area range of tumor was larger than that of control group. Conclusions The LBP has the effect of restraining LTPA by the polarization of macrophages to M1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]