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OVPN（光虚拟专用网）中软管模型的提出带来了一个最优化的问题,即怎样在保证服务质量的前提下尽量减少为OVPN用户预留的总带宽。文章基于传统HIST（分层迭代生成树）算法,提出了名为BCST（带宽限制生成树）的近似求解算法。该算法通过迭代算法遍历整个网络的物理拓扑的所有生成树,并采取剪枝方案找到代价和时延都相对较小的生成树。最后,通过实例仿真对比验证了BCST算法的可行性。

Copyright of Lubrication Engineering (0254-0150) is the property of Editorial Office of LUBRICATION ENGINEERING and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Teacher Education Research is the property of Teacher Education Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Imaging Science & Photochemistry is the property of Imaging Science & Photochemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】Understanding the pollen, fruit, and seed surfaces morphological traits of Pugionium Gaertn. and provide basis for the evolutionary history and the classification of species within the Pugionium Gaertn. genus.【Methods】The morphological features of Pugionium Gaertn. pollen, fruit, and seeds were observed using a Hitachi S-530 scanning electron microscope, and the observation results were analyzed.【Results】The pollen of Pugionium Gaertn. was small to medium-sized, long spherical, with three germinating grooves（P/E 1.23-1.43), reticular carving, deep and large mesh, and numerous rectangular holes on the ridge. The germination groove of P. dolabratum var. platypterum H. L. Yang was shorter and shallower than those of P. cornutum（L.) Gaertn., P. calcaratum Kom., and P. dolabratum Maxim., and the groove film was not apparent. The fruit of Pugionium Gaertn. were samara with nearly equal wings on either side. Among them, P. dolabratum Maxim., P. dolabratum var. platypterum H. L. Yang and P. calcaratum Kom. had flat angles between the wings while P. cornutum（L.)Gaertn. had an obtuse angle between the wings. P. dolabratum var. platypterum H. L. Yang had the widest wing, and P. dolabratum Maxim. had the longest wing. The seed coat of Pugionium Gaertn. was glossy yellowish brown with barely perceptible seed pores. The hilum was located at the base of the ventral surface. The seed of P. calcaratum Kom. was biconvex shape with no dip at the raphe, which was different from the kidney shape of other species, with obvious depression on both sides of the raphe P. dolabratum var. platypterum H. L. Yang seeds had reticulated shallow dish-shaped surface with hairs on the murus, in contrast to other species′ irregular mesh. 【 Conclusion 】 The pollen and seed coat micromorphology revealed that within the genus there were intraspecific similarities as well as interspecific distinctiveness, supporting the idea that P. dolabratum var. platypterum H. L. Yang was a distinct species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science & Technology is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal on Communication / Tongxin Xuebao is the property of Journal on Communications Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Plant-parasitic nematodes(PPN)are obligate parasites,and cause severe crop losses annually throughout the world. The root-knot nematodes(Meloidogyne spp.)and cyst nematodes(Heterodera spp. and Globodera spp.)are among the most economically important groups with wide distribution and serious damage. PPN induce the transformation of plant cells into highly specialized feeding sites from which they absorb nutrients to maintain their development and reproduction. The effectors secreted by PPN are thought to play important roles in the process of initializing infection and sustaining parasitism. In this review,we summarized the progress in research of PPN effectors involving in secretion organs,degradation and modification of plant cell walls,establishment of feeding sites,inhibition of plant defense responses,and activation of plant immune systems. Meanwhile,the challenging in the current research of PPN effectors and the future research interests were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal on Communication / Tongxin Xuebao is the property of Journal on Communications Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment is the property of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Topology is the branch of mathematics which makes possible the grouping of apparently unrelated objects into categories of similarity through their shared features. And in the literature, it provides proof of the identity of the people as producers. Typology is the practice of using figures from the past as prefigurations of subsequent events, as well as a selective process of finding in the past models to justify present ideologies. Based on the special literature phenomenon, Chicano literature, this article is going to explore the interaction of topology and typology as a means of finding out the origin of American culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NAD+is a key molecule in living organisms. The processes of energy metabolism and cell signal transduction have been linked by NAD+. NAD+is required for ADP ribosylation and NAD+-dependent protein deacetylation. The NAD+-dependent signal pathways regulate significant events such as transcription,cell cycle progression, DNA repair and apoptosis. Many of the processes relate to the cancer development. Given the research of NAD+-dependent signal pathways, the strategy of targeting NAD+metabolism for cancer treatment has been developed. This review explored most recent advances in studies of NAD+biosynthesis, NAD+-dependent signal pathways and the intimate relationship to the maintenance of cell proliferation. These studies also give the clue of exploitation of the new anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

翻转课堂教学模式将线上和线下学习有机结合，是实现“以学生为中心”教学目的的有效教学模式。该文以肿瘤生物学课程为例，明确了肿瘤生物学开展翻转课堂教学模式的必要性，结合高校肿瘤生物学课程知识特点和教学内容，探索肿瘤生物学开展翻转课堂教学模式的途径和方式。该文依据取得的教学实践经验，总结了翻转课堂教学模式的教学效果，并对如何真正实现翻转课堂提出了建议。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]