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壳仁分选是核桃破壳取仁的重要环节，是核桃进行精深加工的基础。为探索风选技术在核桃壳仁分选领域的可行性，通过理论计算与试验研究对核桃物料的空气动力学特性进行了研究，并在此基础上设计了一种核桃壳仁风选设备，运用单因素试验和响应面试验对该设备的工作参数进行优化。结果表明：核桃壳仁混合物料中仅有碎仁与1/2壳的悬浮速度范围有少量重叠区域，同等级核桃壳、仁具有不同的悬浮速度范围，通过控制气流速度可实现核桃壳仁分离；核桃壳仁风选设备的工作参数对清选率的影响由大到小依次为入料口高度、喂料速度、风机频率，最佳工作参数组合为喂料速度5 kg/min、风机频率46 Hz、入料口高度34 mm，在此条件下清选率为99.32%，损失率为1.03%。综上，运用风选法进行核桃壳仁分离具有可行性，通过参数优化可提升风选设备的分选效果。Shell-kernel sorting constitutes an essential link in the process of cracking walnuts to retrieve the kernels and serves as the foundation for the in-depth processing of walnuts. To investigate the feasibility of air separation technology in the domain of walnut shell-kernel sorting, the aerodynamic characteristics of walnut materials was explored by theoretical calculations and experimental research, and on this foundation, a walnut shell-kernel air separation device was designed. The working parameters of this device were optimized by single factor experiment and response surface methodology. The results indicated that within the mixed material of walnut shells and kernels, there was only a minor overlap in the suspension speed range between crushed kernels and 1/2 shells. Walnut kernels and shells of the same grade exhibited varying ranges of suspension speeds. By regulating the airflow speed, separation of walnut kernels from shells could be achieved. The influence of the operational parameters of the walnut shell-kernel air separation device on the cleaning rate was ranked in descending order as follows: height of the input port, feed rate, and fan frequency. The optimal operational parameter combination was obtained as follows: feed rate 5 kg/min, fan frequency 46 Hz, and input port height 34 mm. Under these conditions, the cleaning rate and the loss rate were 99.32% and 1.03%, respectively. In conclusion, using the air separation method for walnut shell and kernel separation is feasible, and the sorting efficiency of the air separation device can be enhanced by optimizing parameters.

研究核桃破壳壳仁分离加工成套设备壳仁混合物料气流分离系统运行参数对壳仁分离效果的影响，为实际生产中成套设备气流分离系统调节与运行参数选择提供依据。以仁中含壳率和壳中含仁率为指标，在单因素试验的基础上，通过正交试验确定核桃壳仁混合物料气流分离系统的运行参数。结果表明：调节阀开度对壳仁分离效果影响最显著，卸风板开度影响次之、喂料速度影响最小。核桃壳仁混合物料气流分离最优运行参数为：调节阀开度1/2、1/4、1/8壳仁30°，1/16壳仁15°，两组分心木15°；卸风板开度1/2壳仁30°，1/4、1/8、1/16壳仁15°～30°，两组分心木30°～45°；喂料速度1/2、1/4、1/8、1/16壳仁分别为6、2、1、0.35 kg/min。在最优运行参数下，1/2、1/4、1/8、1/16壳仁的仁中含壳率分别为2.26%、1.07%、3.61%、5.57%，壳中含仁率分别为0.88%、054%、3.92%、6.85%。实际生产中建议整套设备原果核桃加工生产能力控制在600 kg/h以内。 The influence of operation parameters of the airflow separation system in the complete equipment of walnut broken and shell kernel separation on the separation effect of walnut shell and kernel was studied, so as to provide basis for the adjustment and selection of operating parameters of the airflow separation system of the complete equipment in practical production. With shell content in kernel and kernel content in shell as indexes, on the basis of single factor experiment, the operation parameters were determined by orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the angle of regulating valve had the most significant influence on the shell kernel separation effect, followed by the angle of air discharge plate and the feeding speed. The optimal operation parameters were abtained as follows: the angle of regulating valve 30° for 1/2,1/4 and 1/8 shell kernel, 15° for 1/16 shell kernel, and 15°for two groups of diaphragm; angle of air discharge plate 30 ℃ for 1/2 shell kernel, 15°-30°for 1/4,1/8 and 1/16 shell kernel, and 30°-45°for two groups of diaphragm; feeding speed 6,2,1,0.35 kg/min for 1/2,1/4,1/8 and 1/16 shell kernel respectively. Under the optimal operation parameters, the shell contents in kernel of 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 and 1/16 shell kernel were 226%, 1.07%,3.61% and 557% respectively, and the kernel contents in shell were 0.88%, 0.54%, 3.92% and 6.85% respectively. In actual production, it was suggested that the productivity of raw walnut processed by the whole set of equipment should be controlled within 600 kg/h.

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