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This study investigates the physical and mechanical properties of Chinchilla hair, renowned for their softness, warmth, and lightweight qualities, obtained from Chinchilla rodents. The exploration of Chinchilla hair’s textile potential remains relatively scarce in literature, reflecting limited investigations into its properties. This study endeavors to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of the Chinchilla hair, considering various parameters such as type, sex, age, and anatomical position. Through meticulous categorization, we examined key attributes, including length, diameter, and mechanical properties, unveiling its remarkable potential for textile applications. Employing ANOVA statistical analysis, we demonstrated the significant influence of factors such as age and anatomical area on key parameters, including fiber diameter, length, and tenacity. Our study reveals that the impact of species on tenacity is contingent upon the sex of the chinchilla, while age-related changes may exhibit limited influence on hair strength.

A pipe hydrocyclone is easy to disassemble in agricultural machinery. Spiral flow can be generated to drive the movement of impurities in the pipe, thereby effectively reducing the accumulation of impurities. Different structural parameters can form differences in the annular gap space of hydrocyclones. The structure of the annular gap space can also dominate the flow field distribution and swirl efficiency. Therefore, this article aims to explore the annular gap spiral flow formed by the hydrocyclones with different structural parameters using physical model experiments. The research results show that the structural parameters of hydrocyclone were dominated by the magnitude and dispersion of axial, radial and circumferential flow rates, where the most contribution was the radial and circumferential flow rates. There was no change in the overall distribution pattern of the annular gap flow field. Furthermore, there was the roughly same variation trend of axial average velocity and standard deviation along the water flow direction under different structural parameters. Both showed a gradually decreasing trend along the way. However there was a relatively small amplitude of the decrease in the axial average velocity along the way. The standard deviation of the cross-section gradually decreased in the constant diameter of the hydrocyclone, as the length increased, whereas, the axial average velocity increased. However, there were relatively small changes in the standard deviation and axial average velocity. Both axial average flow velocity and standard deviation increased in the constant length of the hydrocyclone, as the diameter increased, whereas, there was a relatively large variation in their amplitude. The radial average velocity and standard deviation showed a "V" shaped trend of decreasing first and then increasing along the flow under different structural parameters. The radial average velocity and flow velocity fluctuation of each section gradually increased in the constant diameter of hydrocyclone, as the length increased, but the increase was relatively small. The radial average velocity decreased in the constant length of hydrocyclone, as the diameter increased, but the flow velocity fluctuation of each section increased gradually. The circumferential average velocity and standard deviation of different structural parameters showed a gradually increasing trend along the water flow, but their growth rate in the first half of the annular gap was relatively small. The circumferential average velocity and flow velocity fluctuation showed a gradually increasing trend in the constant diameter of hydrocyclone, as the length increased, but the increased amplitude of both was relatively small. The circumferential average velocity and flow velocity fluctuation showed a gradually increasing trend in the constant length of hydrocyclone, as the diameter increased. Both energy consumption and rotation efficiency increased significantly, as the length or diameter of hydrocyclone increased. In addition, there was a higher increase rate with the diameter than that with the length. This experiment demonstrated that the hydrocyclone with a structural parameter of 70 mm×100 mm presented the highest starting efficiency. The optimal structural parameter of hydrocyclone was in the size of 70 mm×100 mm. This finding can provide a strong theoretical basis and reference for the selection and structural optimization of the hydrocyclone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary nodules are lung imaging manifestations that lack typical respiratory symptoms, such as cough, expectoration, asthma, et al. In the evaluation of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of pulmonary nodules, it is difficult to use the symptom-based TCM pattern score evaluation system. It is necessary and urgent to establish a TCM clinical efficacy evaluation system for pulmonary nodules. Following the authoritative guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary nodules in China and abroad, this paper summarizes and puts forward an evaluation of the clinical efficacy of TCM for pulmonary nodules on the basis of a large number of clinical research practices. This evaluation method takes the total effective rate as the main efficacy index, that is, comprehensively considering the change rate of cross-sectional area and (or) diameter change, and malignant sign change, the efficacy is divided into five levels: cured, significantly efficacious, effective, stable, and deteriorating, and the total effective rate (%)= (cured cases + significantly efficacious cases + effective cases) / total cases × 100%. Secondary efficacy indexes include average diameter change, average cross-sectional area change, risk conversion rate, malignant probability change calculated by Mayo model. The evaluation period is 3 and 6 months. In short, the establishment of a multi-dimensional efficacy evaluation system based on changes in nodule diameter or cross-sectional area is conducive to providing standardized, systematic and high-level evidence for clinical research on the treatment of pulmonary nodules with TCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bearing is the property of Bearing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study was exploration of the properties of wool derived from sheep reared in Poland. Twenty-nine breeds of sheep diverse from the type of farming, e.g. for meat, dual-purpose breeds for wool-milk, and versatile wool are bred in Poland, but only few of them have uniform wool. Because there is a lack of data determining quality and quantity of Polish wool, the wool-based textile industry in Poland uses mainly imported raw material. Wool quality has an impact on processing efficiency and determines possibility of its further use. In order to assess the wool quality from the local sheep breeds (Polish Merino, Olkuska, Żelaźnieńska, Polish Lowland Sheep), fiber parameters were evaluated: average fiber diameter, length, curvature, and comfort factor. The wool was subjected to microscopic analysis and color examination. Results of the study showed that wool from the above-mentioned sheep breeds varies greatly in terms of quality. The obtained data helps fill the information gap on Polish wool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Refractories / Naihuo Cailiao is the property of Naihuo Cailia (Refractories) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bearing is the property of Bearing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ordnance Industry Automation is the property of Editorial Board for Ordnance Industry Automation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Textile industry is one of the most important branches of the economy of many countries in the world and the importance of wool is still huge. Due to the unique properties of natural animal fibers and their positive effect on the human organism, the authors decided to evaluate and compare the quality of fibers and yarn coming from three animal species, i.e., sheep, goats, and alpacas. The study was included the physico-mechanical analysis of properties of fiber and yarn: such as diameter, breaking force, elongation at break, Young modulus, breaking strain and strain energy. The study on the selected physical and mechanical properties of the fibers showed that goat fibers are the stiffest, but concurrently the most durable, while the yarn made of sheep fibers is the most resistant, the yarn of alpaca fibers is the most elastic, and that of goat fibers is the most rigid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Laser Technology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The new trend to design a data center network is to deploy switches and two-port servers on the nodes and edges in an interconnection network, the logic graph of which can be abstracted as a compound graph. Node-independent spanning tree (NIST) is an important structure that can be used to design reliable communication protocols, fault-tolerant broadcasting, and secure message distribution, IP fast rerouting, etc in data center networks. Given a compound graph G (Kn), this paper firstly showed that if the diameter of G was d, then the diameter of G( Kn) was either 2d or 2d + 1. Supposed that there were n NIST rooted at an arbitrary node in an n-regular n-node-connected interconnection network G, this paper presented a unified method to construct n NIST in G (Kn) by proposing an efficient algorithm with time complexity 0 (N), where N was the number of nodes . Ana-lysis of NIST on compound graph Qn(Kn) shows that the maximal height is only the diameter plus 3 . Also, simulation experiments on the augmented based on data center networks show the correctness from another aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tobacco Science & Technology is the property of Tobacco Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this research, single fiber cell separation method was studied and optimized. More than 200 fiber cell dimensional sizes of kenaf and apocynum were analyzed. Furthermore, the diameter changes of kenaf fiber cell before and after different degumming treatments were also explored. Results showed that the average length and diameter of kenaf fiber are 2.16 mm and 10.56 μm, while the average length and diameter of apocynum fiber are 9.04 mm and 7.41 μm. It was also found that the average diameter of kenaf and apocynum fibers decreased with the degumming process, and the diameter distribution became more even. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The cystic culture of Echinococcus multilocularis protoscolex in vitro is the experimental basis for extracting and studying its original cells. D-MEM and RPMI-1640 are the most suitable commercial media for in vitro culture of Echinococcus multilocularis, and HeLa cells and rat hepatoma cells (ATCC No. CRL-1600) are also commonly used feeder cells. OBJECTIVE: A culture model of Echinococcus multilocularis in vitro was established to observe the growth of Echinococcus multilocularis in different feeder cells (HeLa cells and rat hepatoma cells (ATCC No.CRL-1600) and different media (D-MEM (High and Low glucose type) and RPMI-1640) containing 10% fetal bovine serum. METHODS: HeLa cells and rat hepatoma cells (ATCC No. CRL-1600) were pre-cultured. The Echinococcus multilocularis metacestode was extracted from mice infected with Echinococcus multilocularis for more than 6 months (provided by the Laboratory Animal Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) and co-cultured with different feeder cells and culture media. The experiment has been approved by the First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Shihezi University, approval number: 2015-018-01 on April 7, 2017. The experiment was divided into six groups according to the combination of feeder cells and medium. Each group was added 1x106 feeder cells, 50 mL medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 5 000 protoscolexes. Group I: HeLa cells and 1640 medium; group II: HeLa cells and D-MEM (high glucose type) medium; group III: hepatocellular carcinoma cells and 1640 medium; group IV: hepatocellular carcinoma cells and D-MEM (high glucose type) medium; group V: HeLa cells and D-MEM (low glucose type) medium; group VI: hepatocellular carcinoma cells and D-MEM (low glucose type) medium. The survival, growth and development of the protoscolex were observed. The rate of protoscolex vesicle formation was calculated every 7 days, and the average diameter of vesicle was measured using microscope micrometer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Protoscolex could survive for a long time in all four combinations. The vesicle diameter ranged from 1 to 6 mm. (2) On day 56, the cyst formation rate and average vesicle diameter of protocephalus were the best in rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells and D-MEM (high sugar type) culture medium group (P < 0.05), the cyst formation rate was (72.08±1.79)% and the vesicle diameter was (3.379±0.199) mm. (3) Quantitative analysis of vesicle fluid protein showed that the contents of vesicle fluid protein in six groups were lower than those of vesicles in vivo, and the group IV was higher than those in the other five groups (P < 0.05). (4) These results indicate that under the same conditions, the vesicle size and quantity of D-MEM medium are better than those of the other two media. Rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells (ATCC No. CRL-1600) are better than HeLa cells in size and number of vesicles as feeder cells. The cyst formation rate and vesicle size of D-MEM and rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells (ATCC No. CRL-1600) are the best, which can be used as the optimal choice for obtaining Echinococcus multilocularis vesicles in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】The study aimed to verify the effect of continuity planting green crops on soil aggregate. 【Method】The effect of continuously panting the same green manure crop of Vicia sativa L., Raphanus sativus L., Vicia cracca L., Vicia villosa Roth and Vicia villosa var. on composition and diameter of soil aggregates in topsoil layer was studied by a field experiment.【Result】The continuously planting Vicia villosa var. raises the content of mechanical stability aggregate with > 5 mm and water stability aggregate with 2-0. 25 mm mainly. The continuously planting Raphanus sativus L. increases the content of mechanical stability aggregate with 5-2 mm and water stability aggregate with > 5 mm mainly. The continuously planting Vicia cracca L. and Vicia villosa Roth increases the content of mechanical stability aggregate with 2-0. 25 mm mainly. The increase of water stability aggregate with > 5 mm is beneficial for accumulation of macro water stability aggregates and the macro water stability aggregate content of in topsoil layer under the soil planting Raphanus sativus L is the highest. The soil mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter and construction aggregation increase with increase of water stability aggregate content in soil. 【Conclusion】The continuously planting green manure crops can increase the content of mechanism stability and water stability aggregates in soil, which is beneficial for formation of soil water stability aggregate with > 0. 25 mm. Different green manure crop has the different effect on the diameter of soil aggregate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Measurement Science & Instrumentation is the property of Journal of Measurement Science & Instrumentation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Science & Technology, Natural Science is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Henan University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The bubble behavior is one of the key factors for the design and the process of aluminum reduction cell using inert anode. A see-through cell is constructed to investigate the bubble flow behavior and the electrolyte flow pattern induced by bubbles. The test results show that the electrolyte is driven by the bubble to move around the cathode, and also some vortices occur in local areas. The bubble generated at the anode bottom undergoes the processes of formation, growth, sliding, detachment and coalescence. However, the bubble generated at the middle of anode detaches rapidly from the anode surface and moves upward and collides with other bubbles, which results in coalescence or break-up. Most bubbles are released into the atmosphere at the liquid surface, while some other bubbles taken by the electrolyte flush to the height higher than the mean horizontal level of the liquid and then drop down and move horizontally and they are released finally. Some bubbles are kept unbroken and are sliding on the electrolyte surface. The diameter of bubble generated at inert anode is smaller than that of bubble generated at graphite anode. Moreover, the bubbles on inert anode are spherical, which was different from those in tubular or disk form on graphite anode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【目的】为了分析直肠上静脉及肠系膜下静脉的直径与直肠癌淋巴转移的相关性，在CT上测量直肠上静脉及 肠系膜下静脉的直径，探讨利用直肠上静脉预测直肠癌淋巴结转移的可行性。【方法】回顾性分析105例直肠癌患者的CT 及病理资料，在 CT 上测量直肠上静脉和肠系膜下静脉直径，比较两条静脉的直径在不同病理状态下（是否存在微血管 癌栓、印戒细胞、淋巴结转移以及远处转移）的差异，采用ROC 曲线分析利用直肠上静脉直径预测直肠癌淋巴结转移的 准确性。【结果】直肠上静脉及肠系膜下静脉的直径在淋巴结转移组（分别为4.34 mm、5.00 mm）与无淋巴结转移组（分别为 3.56 mm、4.81 mm）间的差异有统计学意义（P < 0.001，P = 0.023）。直肠上静脉在是否存在微血管癌栓、印戒细胞间的差异 有统计学意义（P = 0.019，0.044），而肠系膜下静脉在是否存在微血管癌栓、印戒细胞间的差异无统计学意义（P值分别为 0.605，0.663）。直肠上静脉与肠系膜下静脉的直径在是否伴远处转移间的差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。以直肠上静脉 直径3.75 mm、肠系膜下静脉直径4.65 mm为分界值，预测淋巴结转移的灵敏度分别为90.9%、87.3%，特异度分别为82.0%、 38%。【结论】利用CT测量直肠上静脉的直径预测直肠癌的淋巴结转移是完全可行的，具有很高的敏感度、准确性和较高的 特异度。

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the study conducted on the bagasse fibers of the plant Agave angustifolia including the mezcal elaboration process, tests for tensile strength influenced by strain rate, and testing strain failure from gauge length.

Copyright of Journal of Hebei University of Science & Technology is the property of Hebei University of Science & Technology, Journal of Hebei University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Sciencepaper is the property of China Sciencepaper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to design a more stable performance condenser microphone, this thesis introduces the composition of condenser microphone firstly, and then discusses clearly the effects of the size of the diameter, the position of static pressure equalization hole, the value of tension force and so on. The different characteristics of some other important parts of the condenser microphone are also discussed, such as the distance between the diameter and the hack plate and the insulator. And then case study of a diameter of 1/2 inch condenser microphone is researched. By the method of establishing a more simple equivalent circuit model a condenser microphone is designed. By using the equivalent circuit model and the corresponding parameters, its gain and phase curves of frequency response are plotted, respectively. The results confirm the correctness and feasibility of this equivalent circuit. Through the discussion and experiments, the article provides a new design direction lor the condenser microphone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the effect of puncture needles with different diameter on percutaneous biopsy for transplant kidney under ultrasound guidance. Methods A total of 82 cases underwent percutaneous renal biopsy for transplant kidney under ultrasound guidance, and were divided into two groups based on the diameters of puncture needles, Group 18 G (n =31) and Group 16 G (n =51). The effect of biopsy and complications were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with Group18 G, Group16 G used less puncture needles and obtained more glomeruli (both P <0.01). The qualified rate of renal specimens in Group 16 G was significantly higher than that of Group 18 G (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups (P >0.05 ). Further stratified comparison was conducted, and the results showed that complications of the two groups were not statistically significant in case of puncture with 2 needles or 3 needles (both P >0.05). Conclusions There is similar safety of 16 G puncture needle and 18 G puncture needle to perform renal biopsies under ultrasound guidance. Under the allowable condition of patients, 16 G puncture needle is superior to 18 G puncture needle and realizes high quality of renal specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]