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Due to the climate change and human activities, the global ecosystem has changed significantly, which leads to the continuous decline of ecosystem resilience at the regional and even global scale and constrains the sustainable development of ecosystems. The question about how to maintain the sustainable development ability of ecosystem and reduce the influence of uncertainties has attracted extensive attention of scholars at home and abroad. A theory based on ecosystem resilience has provided a framework for solving these problems, but at present, the research of resilience is in the initial stage. Based on this, this paper takes the documents in CNKI database and Web of science database as samples. In CNKI database, the subject is “ecosystem resilience”, and in Web of science core database, the topic is “resilience” & “ecological system” or “marine ecological resilience” or “wetland ecological resilience” or “forest ecological resilience” or “grassland ecological resilience” or “desert ecological resilience” not “social-ecological system” not “urban system” not “community system”. The Histcite citation visualization software is used to select 40 papers with the highest local citation score (LCS), generating citation chronicles of foreign ecosystem resilience literature, with a time span of 1990-2019, so as to analyze the development of resilience research in foreign countries. In the analysis of domestic research hotspot trends, it is mainly to analyze the quantity of keywords appearing at different stages, and to study the evolution of resilience content. At the same time, this paper also uses VOSviewer data processing software to perform co-occurrence and cluster analysis on keywords, and generates a network map of keywords co-occurrence relationship to understand the main research direction of ecosystem resilience at home and abroad. The findings are as follows: 1) On the whole, the research on ecosystem resilience at home and abroad is on the rise in quantity, and the documents are mainly from the United States. The journals published in the field of ecosystem resilience research at home and abroad tend to focus on ecology and resources. Research institutions include comprehensive colleges, and the universities of mining, teacher education, academy of sciences, and some administrative institutions. 2) At the international level, the focus is different at different stages. Judging from the emergent words, the early stage focuses on biodiversity protection and ecosystem stability. After 2010, more attention is paid to the research of practical policies on the resilience of specific ecosystems. According to the results of citation analysis, resilience is researched from theoretical discussion to specific case modeling, and the research object extends from marine ecosystem to forest ecosystem. The results of co-occurrence analysis and cluster analysis of key words show that the research topics of international resilience focus on biodiversity, basic theory, policy management and the stability of marine ecosystem (especially coral reef). 3) Compared with other countries, China's resilience research starts late, and the research direction of ecosystem resilience in China mainly includes three aspects: land reclamation, land investigation and monitoring means, and research on influencing factors. In recent years, social ecosystem resilience, and sustainability and stability of ecosystem have become research hotspots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abandoned open pits are leftover waste lands after the closure of open-pit mining, and their number and size continue to increase. They have destroyed large quantities of land in the form of excavation and have different degrees of negative impact on ecological security and landscape. Therefore, under the serious population-land-economy contradiction background in China, the reuse of abandoned open pits is necessary and is an important aspect of green development and circular development. In order to better reuse abandoned open pits, the existing case studies of abandoned open pits reuse were summarized and were divided into agricultural production pattern, ecological conservation pattern, tourism entertainment pattern, science education pattern and social service pattern, and each reuse pattern included different reuse ways. Then a method of selecting reuse ways from the perspective of constraints was constructed, which was based on inference conditions and inference rules. The method selected 3 categories of restrictive conditions, which were open pit conditions, natural conditions and other conditions. To be specific, open pit conditions included size, pollution, slope stability, water accumulation in pit, depth and slope; natural conditions included solar radiation, dominant wind direction, irrigation and soil source; other conditions included traffic, distance from settlements, labor resources, technology, ideology and culture, public participation, and regional position relative to urban. Through expert consultation, literature extraction and specification inquiry, 58 inference conditions and 13 inference rules of reuse ways were formed. At last, the restrictive conditions were divided into permanent restrictions and temporary restrictive conditions. The former had strong restrictions while the latter had weak restrictions. The inference order was proposed according to principles of “permanently restrictive conditions first”, “strongly restrictive conditions first”, by which some strongly restrictive reuse ways could be ruled out quickly. Applying the method, reuse ways of 3 open pits in Pingshuo coal mine were selected. The results indicate that: (1) The method based on inference conditions and inference rules can select reuse ways of abandoned open pits. (2) By a preliminary inference, the study area can be used as ecological conservation area, refuse landfill, tourism entertainment area and photovoltaic power generation base, and in the decision-making process, these 4 types of reuse ways for 3 pits can be combined and coordinated to realize comprehensive reuse, considering the existing reclamation landscape, industrial planning, land use planning and economic conditions. (3) The decision result needs more detailed analysis and appraisal of multiple schemes, which is usually a subset of the inference results, may also be empty. The research can provide a reference for the reuse of open pits which have been closed or will be closed. However, the reuse of abandoned open pits is a complex and huge system, involving a variety of subjects and fields such as mining, geology, agriculture, forestry, environment, ecology, landscape, architecture and engineering. Therefore, conditions in this paper may need to be supplemented. In addition, this research is mainly based on reuse ways that are existing or in research worldwide. In practice, we can refer to it, and can go beyond the scope of this study as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mine reclamation has become a worldwide problem recently and has similar research directions both in China and abroad, including ecological restoration, mining technology, bioremediation technology, soil reconstruction techniques, soil quality testing, plant species selecting. The key target is to restore the ecological system and improve the environment. One of the main purposes of reclamation is to restore farmland, which is scarce in China. In addition, resettlement of residents and their living environment need to be taken into account. In this paper, the study area is the Pingshuo open-pit mine, which is located in Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province, China, and belongs to super-large open-pit mine with modern production. Mining activities began in 1987, and have lasted for 28 years until now. Fourteen rural settlements have moved, and resettlement population has reached 8400 by 2013. From the perspective of farming radius, buffer analysis of rural settlements was used to contrast the difference of farming radius before and after the open-pit mining by geographic information system (GIS) technology. Considering the impact of topography on farming radius, this paper calculated the terrain correction coefficient of farming radius in the study area using the achievements about relief amplitude, and the mean change-point analysis method was adopted to determine the best statistics grid unit to reflect terrain. Through buffer analysis, the result of spatial farming radius showed that the farming radius had a great change from 1986 to 2013 because of open-pit mining. Therefore, the best farming radius should be determined based on the result in 1986. Using the equation of farming radius, per capita arable land and the number of population were calculated through combining the method of "the ratio of arable land area to settlements land area" Finally, optimal farming radius was determined according to the calculation result about the terrain correction coefficient and the scale of arable land. We predicted the size and number of rural settlements after completing reclamation. The results showed that: 1) Affected by mining, the farming radius has expanded by 1500 m from 1986 to 2013, and the largest farming radius was 4500 m; 2) Determining the optimal statistics grid unit to calculate the value of relief amplitude, the result showed that 550 m × 550 m was the optimal statistics grid unit to reflect terrain in study area; 3) Based on the buffer analysis, digital elevation map neighbourhood analysis and forecasting, the terrain correction coefficient of farming radius was 1.6836, and the optimal actual farming radius was 1500 m, and therefore, the optimal spatial farming radius was 891 m. 4) On the premise of guaranteeing the arable land quantity unchanged, the total area of relocated rural settlements was about 651.24 hm2, and there were 67 rural settlements in total. Individual rural settlement area was predicted to be 9.72 hm2, and the control area of arable land was about 109.68 hm2. 5) The total relocated population would be about 29521 (7380 families). The results of this study can provide the reference for the implementment of relocating rural settlements and the reuse of reclaimed arable land in Pingshuo mining area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The land consolidation project is one of the most important approaches to ensure national food and ecological security. An academic journal “Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering” launched a column of “Land Consolidation Project” in 2002, in order to promote the research of land consolidation project. This column was renamed the “Land Resource Guarantee and National Land Ecological Security” from the 9th issue of May 2020, with the continuous expansion of research fields in the modern land consolidation project. In this study, the bibliometrics was utilized to statistically analyze the papers published in the “Land Consolidation Project” column of “Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering” from 2002 to 2020. Great research progress was highlighted in the different research directions, and then the future focus was proposed in the field of land resource and national ecological security, with emphasis on China's strategy of food and ecological security. The results showed that the research directions of land consolidation project mainly included land use, land evaluation, agricultural land consolidation, cultivated land quality and safety, 3S and land information technology, industrial and mining wasteland reclamation, rural residential area consolidation, land ecology, land restoration, basic farmland construction and protection, land saving, rural spatial pattern and development, cultivated land development, as well as urban land consolidation. Furthermore, land evaluation, agricultural land consolidation, and cultivated land quality and safety had become hot topics, where the publications accounted for 10.52%, 10.16%, and 8.51%, respectively. 5-keyword clustering was formed, such as the land evaluation, agricultural land consolidation, cultivated land quality and safety, 3S and land information technology, as well as industrial and mining wasteland reclamation. Additionally, 10 groups of cooperation networks were formed in the leading research fields using the cooperation network of research authors generated by VOSviewer. More importantly, the published papers in the “Land Consolidation Project Column” had covered all directions of the land consolidation project. Ecological land consolidation and land-use security pattern were established in recent years, where the ecological effect of land consolidation was analyzed using the theory of landscape ecology. Moreover, many efforts have been made on the ecological design and restoration technology of single land consolidation project, together with the pattern evolution and layout optimization of rural residential areas. In the future, much more attention can be paid to the land resource security and national land ecological security, particularly to the theories and mechanisms in the “systematization, ecologicalization, informationization and intelligence” for the protection and restoration of the regional ecosystem, to realize “overall protection, unified restoration and comprehensive management” of “mountain-water-forest-field-lake-grass”. Consequently, the ecological security pattern of national land can be built, once the research on the intelligent management of one map of natural resources was implemented using the state-of-the-art big data in intelligent agriculture [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the southern dumping site of the Antaibao open pit mine in Pingshuo, China was taken as the research subject. This study aimed to reveal the overall characteristics and depth differences in soil bulk density in different profiles of the reclaimed land. The difference in soil bulk density was based on the characteristics of ground penetrating radar（GPR）images. The relationship between the di⁃ electric constant and soil bulk density was determined. In this study, the soil bulk density at different depths of the reconstructed soil pro⁃ file was obtained using two methods, namely ring knife sample weighing and GPR detection. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and fitting analysis. The results showed that the soil bulk density varied greatly at different locations of the dumping site and at different depths of the same profile. The soil bulk density of the platform was greater than that of the slope. The slope of the slope was larger, the soil bulk density was smaller, and the more herbs, the greater the soil bulk density. When the soil moisture content was low, the amplitude of the large amplitude signal on the GPR map was inversely proportional to the soil bulk density. The soil bulk density could be qualitatively analyzed. The soil bulk density increased linearly with the dielectric constant, and the two were fitted. The R2 value was 0.813 9, and the as⁃ sociated probability was less than 0.01. The results of this study could provide strong support for GPR to quickly and non-destructively de⁃ tect soil bulk density and effective reclamation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural land consolidation is one of the largest human activities in China with lots of impacts on ecological environment. Ecosystem services are the basis for human survival and development. It is of great significance to explore the impacts of agricultural land consolidation on regional ecosystem services. This study would promote the balance, efficiency and stability of the ecosystem services in the agricultural land consolidation area. This research took Jianxi River Basin which in Fujian province as case study area. The data used in this paper were remote sensing data, the agricultural land consolidation project data, land use data, soil type map and so on. Carbon storage ecosystem services in the Jianxi River Basin were estimated by using the multi-source model of carbon storage. And crop production ecosystem services in the Jianxi River Basin were estimated by using the potential productivity model of cultivated land. Based on the comparative analysis, the effects of agricultural land consolidation on two ecosystem services were studied. The research showed that compared with 2010, total carbon storage decreased by 38.28×106t in 2016. The total carbon storage in 2016 was 369.29×106 t. The area of agricultural land consolidation project accounted for 1.41% of the area of the Jianxi River Basin. And the project area contributed 1.70% to the decrease in carbon storage. This indicated that agricultural land consolidation has negative effects on carbon storage services in the ecosystem of Jianxi River Basin. The carbon effect produced by agricultural land consolidation should not be neglected. Compared with 2010, the total crop production service in Jianxi River Basin increased by 10.83×104t in 2016, reached to 124.46 ×104t. The area of agricultural land consolidation project accounted for 14.61% of cultivated land area of the Jianxi River Basin. And the project area contributed 20.87% to the increase in crop output. This indicated that agricultural land consolidation has effectively improved the crop production services of cultivated land in the Jianxi River Basin. It is necessary to pay attention to the application of ecological measures in agricultural land consolidation. According to the research results that carbon storage services will be reduced by agricultural land consolidation, and three suggestions are put forward. 1) If the agricultural land consolidation measures would do great damage to the cultivated soil, measures such as topsoil stripping and backfill and guest soil should be adopted to protect the carbon sequestration capacity of the soil. Planting green manure and returning straw to field is also an effective biological measure to increase soil carbon sequestration. 2) Attention should be paid to the construction of ecotype ditches and field roads, and new environment friendly materials such as environment friendly field sand stone pavement additive, soft slope protection material, heavy metal passivating agent, water retaining and fertilizer agent and so on are used to reduce the loss of organic carbon storage caused by pavement hardening and excessive coagulation. 3) Strengthen the management and protection of agricultural land consolidation. Intercropping rotation system and farm manure should be used to increase the carbon storage of cultivated land through later management and protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opencast coal mining is an anthropogenic activity that changes the antecedent soil profile, and the physical, chemical and biological properties. The compaction activities of large machinery play a great effect on reconstructed soil pore structure in opencast coal-mine dump, so it is an important work to reconstruct a suitable soil pore structure for vegetation growth during the land reclamation for dump. In order to make a quantitative analysis on the pore number and porosity of reconstructed soils in dump, high precision and lossless computed tomography (CT) was used to study the effect of opencast coal-mining, land reclamation and dumping on soil pore number and porosity by scanning the soils in Antaibao opencast coal mine in Pingshuo mining area, Shanxi Province, China. The soils were taken from the dump platform covered by loess parent material, which were the ones with different reclamation time (0, 20 and 23 a) and the one of original landform. The softwares, including Photoshop 7.0, ArcGIS 10 and AutoCAD 2010, were used to process the scanned image and carry out statistical analysis for soil pore properties, and the image characteristics of soil pores and the changes in the number of soil pores and the porosity were analyzed. The changes in macropores, mesopores and micropores of reconstructed soils were also studied in this paper. The results indicated that: 1) Applying the combination method of high precision CT scan imaging technology and computer graphics software could accurately analyze the size, number and distribution of reconstructed soil in opencast coal-mine dump; 2) The number of soil pores and the porosity in original landform were the largest, followed by the soils reclaimed for 23 and 20 years, and the soils after dumping before reclamation were the lowest; 3) Opencast coal-mining and dumping activities reduced the number of soil pores and the porosity because of the effects of large mechanical compaction, especially for macrospores, and land reclamation had a certain function of increasing soil pore size and improving soil porosity; 4) The effect of mining, dumping and other activities on the number of soil pores and the soil porosity for surface soils was higher than that for the bottom soils. During the land reclamation process, subsoiling, planting green manure, applying organic fertilizer and other land reclamation measures should be used to increase the number of reclaimed soil pores and the porosity of macropore on surface soils. This research can provide theoretical reference for the quantitative expression of reconstructed soil pores' distribution, the selection of land reclamation measures, and the optimization of reconstructed soil structure in opencast coal-mine dumps in loess areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecosystem services are closely related to human well-being, and the study of the trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services is currently a pressing research topic. By analyzing its conceptual connotation and research characteristics, we can better understand the relationship between the regional ecosystem services, adapt to the need of the parties to maximize the overall benefits, and provide a basis for decision-making for regional development. This study focused on the literature quantitative characteristics of domestic and foreign research on ecosystem services trade-offs and synergies from 1996 to 2020 by literature analysis and comparative analysis. Domestic and foreign research themes from different periods, from the beginning of development to the present, were analyzed. The conceptual connotation and research characteristics of the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services were summarized. Finally, shortcomings existing in current research and future research directions were identified. The specific conclusions are as follows：the number of domestic and foreign studies is increasing, with the foreign growth rate faster than domestic; Ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies are strongly dependent on time and space scales, the difference of spatio-temporal scale jointly drives the dynamic change of the relationship between trade-offs and synergies, but there is still a lot of research space in this field. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the framework model, quantitative analysis, driving mechanism, internal mechanism, threshold effect, supply and demand of temporal and spatial changes to better understand the mechanism of temporal and spatial changes in ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies, and achieve a mutually beneficial situation for regional ecological environment and socioeconomic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific management of ecosystems is key to the sustainable development of ecosystems. Owing to their limitations, traditional management methods can no longer solve the complex problems encountered in ecosystem management. An emerging management method, namely adaptive management, has received wide attention from scholars. The quantitative characteristics of domestic and foreign studies on ecosystem adaptive management from 2010 to 2020 were examined by literature analysis and comparative analysis. The connotation development, type, and application conditions of adaptive management were classified. The main research direction of ecosystem adaptive management was summarized. The existing problems of current ecosystem adaptive management research were identified, and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were proposed. The specific conclusions can be summarized as follows： The research direction of ecosystem adaptive management and the development trend of the number of documents are almost the same in China and abroad, but there is a large gap in the quantity of literature. The connotation of adaptive management has continually improved, but the application of ecosystem adaptive management still has limitations. Therefore, it is urgent to reach a unified understanding of the connotation and expand the application scope to take full advantage of adaptive management, promote sustainable ecosystem development, and achieve the best ecological, economic, and social benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dumps in coal mine occupy huge areas of land and cause many problems, therefore, dumps reclamation become an important issue in ecological restoration. The reconstructed ecosystem of the reclamation dump is affected by various disturbance factors, which causes it to be unstable and prone to degradation. The disturbance influences the stability of reconstructed ecosystem and decides the success or failure of the ecological restoration in coal mine. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the recovery process of the reconstructed ecosystem. Based on the MODIS global disturbance index (MGDI) and vegetation disturbance index, which are based on MODIS data, we constructed the dump reclamation disturbance index (DRDI) by combing land surface temperature (LST) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) using Landsat data. DRDI can provide higher spatial resolution than MGDI and VDI. EVI indicates the vegetation structure, and LST indicates the function of vegetation. The best status of reconstructed ecosystem is estimated by the maximum EVI and minimum LST, which is compared with the status of every year. DRDI is used to measure the vegetation recovery process and the degree of disturbance of vegetation in dumps. This study calculated the disturbance index of Antaibao opencast coal mine dump in Shanxi province, China for 28 years. This study combined remote sensing analysis with field validation data to analyze the spatial and temporal dynamics of characteristics for reconstructed vegetation restoration and interference. The results indicated that: in the early stage of reclamation, the areas with great disturbance showed highly spatial aggregated. The areas with disturbances had been gradually decreasing and took about 10 years for the vegetation structure and function to recover to the natural state in the reclamation dump, when the disturbed area could be reduced to the degree between 1.32% and 17.76%. DRDI could reflect the reclamation process and reveal spatial heterogeneity. The four dumps in Antaibao coal mine showed different stability periods and distribution characters of disturbance, which were influenced by dumping (coal gangue), reclamation strategy and vegetation reconstruction mode, as well as topography. Due to the spontaneous combustion of coal gangue, South Dump was more unstable than other dumps. Inner Dump began to reclaim later than other dumps but has entered a stable state relatively quickly, which was because of fine topography condition. The Western dump and its expansion area showed a degradation and great disturbance, where the surface vegetation covers mostly wasteland, grassland and cultivated land. DRDI can effectively identify the spatial extent and severity of disturbances for vegetation in reclamation dumps. DRDI is intuitive, effective and easy to implement. Its data can be easily obtained, and the calculation method is simple. It can effectively monitor the restoration properties of the reconstructed ecosystem for post-review evaluation of land reclamation. The quantitative analysis between influencing factors and disturbance index will be a key point in future research. Applying DRDI in evaluating the effect of reclamation in dumps will provide references to optimizing reclamation strategy and improving the efficiency of reclamation. For future research, DRDI can be combined with VDI to distinguish the causative factors of restoration character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of different reconstructed soil materials on the biomass of Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb., and to explore the optimum ratio of reconstructed soil materials for the growth of this species. Using topsoil, coal gangue, fly ash, and geotechnical strippings from the Shengli mining area in Inner Mongolia as raw materials, stratification and mixing pot experiments were carried out in greenhouses using different ratios, and analysis of variance was used to test the significance of the differences. Studies showed that different combinations of materials, and different proportions, significantly affected the biomass of the grass crop; when topsoil, coal refuse, and geotechnical strippings were mixed in a ratio of 3∶3∶4, the biomass was 30% higher than with pure topsoil. When the gangue content was controlled at 20%~30%, and the fly ash content was controlled at below 10%, the increase in biomass was evident. The use of coal refuse, waste rock and soil, fly ash, etc. as surface topping materials could solve the problem of topsoil scarcity in land reclama⁃ tion work. Different ratios of topsoil substitute materials would cause differences in the biomass of hibiscus, and optimum results were ob⁃ tained when the topsoil∶coal gangue∶geotechnical strippings ratio=3∶3∶4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the southern dump of the Antaibao open-pit coal mine in Pingshuo, China to determine the effect of reconstructing typical physical properties of soil（soil bulk density, and soil mass water content）on vegetation growth status. Typical profile sampling, indoor testing, variance analysis, fitting analysis, and other methods were used in this study. Results showed that as soil depth increased, the average soil mass weight tended to first increase and then decrease, while the soil mass water content generally decreased with increasing soil section depth. Soil bulk density ranged from 0.87~2.00 g·cm-3 and soil mass water content ranged from 1.19%~20.97%. There was a significant difference in soil bulk density and soil mass water content between each soil layer, with soil bulk density and soil mass water content being the most noticeably different between the layers 30~60 cm and 0~30 cm.The mean soil bulk density values of the samples with higher vegetation growth in the study area was 1.47 g·cm-3 and soil mass water content tended to be about 10% with increased depth. The soil mass water content of the 0~10 cm and 0~30 cm layers were key factors influencing vegetation growth. Soil mass and water content of the reconstructed soil in the study area were significantly different between different sections and different soil layers, and the physical properties of surface soil were important factors influencing vegetation growth. These results could improve the basic principle of land reclamation in mining areas in theory and provide the basis for further optimizing land reclamation processes in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration management model for mining includes five steps: stripping, mining, transportation, dump piled up and reclamation. There is immediate and indirect impact on ecosystem from land destruction in mining area. In this paper, a comprehensive assessment model was used to explore the ecological risk value as exemplified by Antaibao open-pit mine of Shanxi province, China. In recent years, most researches are done for ecological risk assessment from the perspective of landscape ecology and the risk of heavy metal contamination. However less attention has been paid to the comprehensive risk assessment in the coal mining area. The mining area ecological system is easy to be disturbed and more complicated than general regions. The establishment of the ecological risk assessment model of land destruction ecological risk value (ERV) mainly includes two aspects: the effect of Antaibao opencast coal mining exploitation and ecological sensitivity of mining area. The larger environment influence of mining area by mining exploitation, the higher risk the ecological system would have. On the other hand, if the ecological system is more sensitive and fragile, the resistance and the ability to recover are lower. In this paper, we divided the study area into 30 m by 30 m grid unit and evaluated each unit to realize the mapping and classification of eco-risk in mining area. First, mining area ecological risks were identified from two aspects, production process of the mining and land destruction type in mine area. A typical open-pit mine ecological risk causal chain in Loess Plateau Region was constructed. Second, ecological index based on remote sensing and land-use type was developed specially for assessing mining area ecological sensitivity. The index was combined with six indicators which were adjusted by the important ecological indicators frequently used in assessing regional ecology and special ecological situation in mining area. Third, the data of the cumulative effect evaluation of land destruction and GIS-based ecological sensitivity evaluation were applied to quantify the comprehensive value of ecological risk. The results showed that un-reclaimed dump was the highest risk area (32.91% of the total area). Due to the reclamation measures and management for many years, reclaimed dump and industrial site were stable (9.66% of the total area). However, the unmanaged dump process and weak supervision caused soil and vegetation degradation. Therefore, some part of reclaimed dump showed a higher risk (26.46% of the total area). The open pit was the lowest risk area (30.97% of the total area). It was helpful to take the corresponding management level and constructing the preventive measures according to the risk value of different area. The occurrence of the mining area ecological risk was a dynamic process. The potential risk of disclosure may delay. This meant that we should take preventive in the process of production. If the risk occurred, it would take great harm in the mining area fragile ecosystems. Ecological risk assessment in mining area needed to be from the original single risk evaluation to the multi-level risk assessment so that we can fully embody the application value of the risk assessment as an important means mining area compound ecosystem management. This study made ecological risk assessment on the land destruction of mining area in order to realize ecological quantification and spatial visualization of the open mining and put forward the risk prevention measures for the subsequent production management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]