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The “Red Shirt” pro-Thaksin movement, which organized mass demonstrations in Bangkok in 2009 and 2010, reportedly consisted mainly of farmers from the North and Northeast (Isan) regions. However, within the Isan region, (1) in some areas, few people supported the Red Shirts; (2) within areas that had strong Red Shirt support, some villages were indifferent or negative toward the Red Shirts; and (3) within villages that strongly supported the Red Shirts, there were some villagers who did not support them. In this article I examine these diversities in Red Shirt support in relation to the transformation of local people's livelihood and surrounding ecological conditions. I do this by means of case studies in two contrastive areas that support the Red Shirts but share similar characteristics in livelihood and other sociocultural aspects, including high dependence on a market economy: TM village and the surrounding area in Nam Khun District, and NK village and the surrounding area in Si Muang Mai District, Ubon Ratchathani Province. Core supporters of the Red Shirt movement were motivated not by personal benefits but by the collective benefits for “poor Isan peasants” thanks to various policies of the Thaksin and pro-Thaksin administrations. They expressed a need for a democratic government so that their requests for government support could be fairly considered. On the other hand, in areas where natural resources were still abundant, and in case necessary a self-sufficient mode of life was possible, local people tended to keep their distance from factional politics, including the Red Shirts. They did not depend on government support for leading their lives. Instead, they held the idea of living with what they had.

This paper discusses the impact of environmental degradation in modern agricultural methods in China. Massive input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture have caused serious problems as below; 1. Contamination of soil and groundwater. 2. Deterioration of soil structure. 3. Occurrence of food pollution by pesticide residues. Then, the paper examined the case of new construction recycling-oriented agricultural systems as a measure of environmental degradation. The case of new farming systems is that of A Japanese Company which locates in L City, Shandong Province, China. A Japanese company's new agricultural system has two advantages. It is a recycling-oriented farming system designed to achieve the recovery of sustainable ecosystem. It also has the ability to reduce food contamination and groundwater pollution.

本年度はHydro-BEAM に付加するモジュール及び評価の側面についていくつか検討している。主なものは，水量・水質・生態環境を組み入れた流域水環境モデル，侵食・堆積環境と魚類の生息場，ダム下流流程と浮遊有機物動態，地表面条件とそれが積雲・降雨に及ぼす影響，地球温暖化と流域水資源環境への影響評価，である。, In this fiscal year (FY2005), some modules to be added to Hydro-BEAM and some aspects of evaluation have been discussed. Following items are the main topics and included in this report. 1) Regional water circulation processes with water quantity, quality, and ecosystem 2) Difference in habitat preference of Rhinogobius flumineus among erosional and depositional reaches 3) Variation in drift distance of suspended POM in relation to flow regimes and channel geomorphology 4) Effect of land surface condition on convective precipitation over the mountainous region in Lake Biwa during the summer season 5) Impact assessment on water resources environment in river basin due to global warming