Search

Agricultural activities in Japan have been limited to the aging and diminishing labor force, as well as the small plots of cultivated land in mountainous regions. Therefore, smart agriculture has been launched to ensure food security in Japan. A systematic framework has been provided to support the digitization of forestry and aquaculture, including the basic Law and national strategy. Numerous technological innovations have also involved machinery automation, information systems, rural network transformation, agricultural aviation, and plant factories. Modern agriculture has allowed the 1 404 000 core farmers and the majority of the elderly population to achieve nearly 130 million people self-sufficient in the major food. Among them, the Japan Agricultural Association has played a pivotal role in this transformation, covering the various processes at multiple levels and departments. These fundamental facilitates have provided crucial support to implement smart agriculture. This study aims to analyze the trajectory and efficacy of smart agriculture in Japan. The valuable insights were then obtained for the several suggestions. Firstly, it was very necessary to innovate the agricultural system and mechanism, in order to create the channels for the seamless circulation of information, manpower, and resources. The agricultural environment was sustained to leverage the strengths of diverse entities, such as local governments, universities, and enterprises. Long-term empirical research was performed on smart agricultural technology in rural revitalization. These insights should be adapted to the local conditions in the agricultural production, sales, promotion, and management from the Japanese Farmers' Association's experience. The findings can greatly contribute to the revitalization of rural areas in China. In turn, the trajectory of rural modernization can be accelerated to position as a formidable force in the realm of smart agriculture. These lessons can also be incorporated into sustainable and technologically advanced agricultural systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrical contact materials are widely used in various low-volt age switching devices such as electrical switches, relays, contactors and circuit breakers, and their characteristics are of great importance to the switching capacity, reliability, stability and service life of the overall electrical system. The conventional Ag- based contact materials have good performance, but still suffer from defects such as high contact resistance, low interfacial bonding strength, and poor plasticity, and their applications are limited to some extent. Tn recent years, domestic and foreign researchers have reported new group element contact materials such as Ag-Sn()2- Me(), Ag-GNPs, Ag-MAX and Ag-RE on the basis of the traditional Ag-based contact materials. This paper will review the current research status of new Ag-based contact materials in terms of their organization and properties as well as arc erosion performance, and finally summarize the key scientific issues and challenges facing new Ag-based contact materials and look forward to their future development trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate prediction of regional water evapotranspiration can greatly contribute to the rational utilization of regional water resources for the water resources saving. Crop evapotranspiration can be one of the most important indicators for the water evapotranspiration status of crops, in order to evaluate the soil water balance of farmland and the water management of farmland. However, the calculation of crop evapotranspiration requires a large amount of meteorological factor data. There is often redundant data with the low correlation with the evapotranspiration in meteorological data, which seriously affects the prediction accuracy and efficiency of the model. It is a high demand to extract the core environmental factors for the less-factor prediction model. The classification and regression tree (CART) can be used to make feasible for the large data sources in a short time. Then, Less factors can be extracted for the predictive analysis in a more scientific way. In this study, a less-factor water evapotranspiration model was constructed to efficiently and accurately predict the evapotranspiration data. The core factors were selected from multiple meteorological factors. 23 typical stations were selected in the nine agricultural regions, and then collected data on eight meteorological factors, such as precipitation, and sunshine hours. The meteorological factors were ranked in the order of importance using CART. The top 3-5 meteorological factors were then selected to predict the evapotranspiration using the extreme learning machine (ELM) model. At the same time, the ELM model was optimized using genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), sparrow search algorithm (SSA). Three optimization algorithms (GA-ELM, PSO-ELM, SSA-ELM) were used to construct a less-factor hybrid optimization water evapotranspiration prediction model. Relative root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R 2 ), mean absolute error (MAE), and NashSutcliffe coefficient (NSE) were used to evaluate the performance of the ELM and optimization model. The results showed that: 1) The main influencing factors were ranked in the order of the precipitation, sunshine duration, mean station pressure, daily maximum temperature, and average relative humidity using the importance ranking of the CART algorithm. 2) The PSOELM model presented the highest prediction accuracy among the three optimization algorithms. Specifically, the RMSE of evapotranspiration prediction for the 23 stations was ranged from 6.608 to 22.077 mm/d, the NSE of 0.824-0.998, R 2 of 0.908- 0.995, and MAE of 5.075-16.677 mm/d. In addition, the RF and SVR model with the strong generalization performance were selected to compare with the PSO-ELM model. The prediction performance of three models was slightly improved with the increase of the input factors, indicating the slight overall improvement. The three models shared the strong generalization and robustness. The meteorological factors were input into the prediction model, according to the order of importance. The meteorological factors ranked the 4th and 5th were relatively less important, where the prediction accuracy was slightly improved with the increase of the input parameters. The PSO-ELM model presented the highest prediction accuracy among the three models. 3) The ELM model performed better applicability in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region, the Sichuan Basin, and the surrounding areas. The three optimization algorithms showed the better applicability in the South China and the YunnanGuizhou Plateau region, with the highest applicability of the PSO-ELM model. The findings can provide an important reference for the crop water demand calculation in nine major agricultural regions in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To screen for differentially expressed genes( DEGs) involved in the development of spinal cord injury using bioinformatics methods, and to explore the changes of lipopolysaccharide( LPS) activated BV2 cells DEGs in vitro, in order to provide a new target for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Methods The gene-chip data were downloaded from GEO database, and the samples in the data set were divided into the spinal cord injury Day 2 group and the Day 5 group. R software was used to process the batch effect between the samples from different data sets, and the expression data of the gene-chip was standardized. R software was used to analyze the standardized gene expression matrix to obtain the differential genes. The differential genes were imported into the DAVID database for gene ontology( GO) analysis, and the pathway analysis was performed through the KEGG database. The protein-protein interactions( PPI) network was constructed using STRING protein database, and 10 Hub genes were analyzed by Cystoscope software. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction( RT-qPCR) was used to analyze the top two genes with high scores in the Hub gene of BV2 microglia activated by LPS. Results Compared with the Day 2 group, there were 340 DEGs in the Day 5 group. Analysis of the bioinformation showed that DEGs were enriched in cell inflammatory response and substance metabolism. A total of 10 central nodes were obtained through module analysis with STRING software. KEGG re-analysis of 10 genes revealed that CXCL10,CCR3,CCR10 and CCL2 genes were significantly enriched in chemokine signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. In vitro experiment, compared with normal group, the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-1β( IL-1β),IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α( TNF-α) ] and mRNA expressions of chemokines CXCL10,CCR9/10 and CCL2 were increased in the LPS group, with statistical significance( P＜0.05) .Conclusion CXCL10,CCR3,CCR10 and CCL2 chemokine signaling pathways and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions may be closely related to the development mechanism of spinal cord injury.CXCL10,CCR9/10 and CCL2 mediate the inflammatory responses of BV2 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of Duyun Maojian tea extract on the proliferation of human hepatic stellate cells and its mechanism. Methods: Human hepatic stellate cells (LX-2) were cultured in vitro and they were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 640 μg/mL Duyun Maojian tea extracts for 24 h, respectively. The cells were collected and the cells' activity were detected by CCK-8 method. The concentration of Duyun Maojian tea extract was selected when the concentration of Duyun Maojian tea extract was lower than the half inhibitory activity (IC50) of LX-2 cells, and the subsequent experiment was conducted. In addition, LX-2 cells were randomly divided into the blank control group, model group, low-, medium-, high-concentration tea extract groups and positive control group. Cells in the blank control group were given routine culture for 26 h without any other treatment； cells in the model group were pretreated with 0. 5 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 2 h, followed by routine culture for 24 h； cells in the low-, medium- and high-concentration tea extracts groups were pretreated with 0. 5 μg/mL LPS for 2 hours, followed by treatment of low-, medium- and high-concentration tea extracts for 24 h； cells in the positive control group were pretreated with 0. 5 μg/mL LPS for 2 h and then they were treated with 5 μmol/L silybin for 24 h. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA were detected by RT-qPCR, and the protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF- α, COX-2 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signal pathway NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, IκBα, and p-IκBα were detected by West⁃ ern blotting. Results: The Duyun Maojian tea extracts of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640 μg/mL inhibited the activity of LX-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner (F=60. 160, P<0. 01) . When LX-2 cells were in IC50, the con⁃ centration of Duyun Maojian tea extract was 170. 9 μg/mL. Although the LX-2 cell activity decreased after the interven⁃ tion of 5, 10, 20 μg/mL Duyun Maojian tea extracts, there was no significant difference in comparison with that of 0 μg/mL Duyun maojian tea extract (all P>0. 05) . Therefore, 40, 80, 160 μg/mL Duyun Maojian tea extracts were selected as low-, medium- and high-concentration tea extracts groups for the following experiments. Compared with the blank control group, the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2 mRNA and protein in the model group increased significantly (all P<0. 05) . Compared with the model group, the expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2 mRNA and protein decreased significantly in the low-, medium- and high-concentration Duyun Maojian tea extracts groups (all P<0. 05) . Compared with the blank control group, the protein expression levels of p-NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα of NF-κB signal pathway increased significantly in the model group (all P<0. 05) . Compared with the model group, the protein expression levels of p-NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα decreased significantly in the low-, medium- and high-concentration Duyun Maojian tea extracts groups (all P<0. 05) . Conclusion: Duyun Maojian tea extract can inhibit the proliferation of human hepatic stellate cells, and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing the production of inflammatory factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An agricultural robot system has been ever increasing to develop rapidly in the world, with the progress of the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence. This study aims to analyze the development of the global agricultural robot system using the domain knowledge map from the Web of Science core data and visualization software. Research findings were as follows: 1) Four stages were roughly divided in the agricultural robot research. 2) The United States, China, Spain, Germany, Japan, Italy, and the United Kingdom presented the most research outputs, and the closest cooperation was found between China and the United States, the United States and Spain, China and Japan. 3) The agricultural robot research in China was about 10 years later than that of the United States, but there was a rapid increase in the most achievements “quantity and quality”, especially in the fruit picking robot. The key technologies, such as stereo vision technology, have been reported almost simultaneously in China and the United States. 4) The development of the agricultural robot system followed the following path: from simple to complex, and gradually to the multi-functional, intelligent autonomous unmanned system. Correspondingly, the development of the agricultural robot system from the birth, shape and growth to a period of rapid development, was great benefit from the big data, artificial intelligence, internet of things, cloud computing, mobile Internet, as well as the new generation of information and communication technology. Now, the agricultural robot has stepped into a period of accelerated development in the new era. The future agricultural robot can be more smart and intelligent, from one single function to the integration of intelligent perception, intelligent decision-making, and intelligent execution of agricultural robot system. The more extensive development of agricultural robots can be extended from the special robots to multi-functional mechanization, automation, and intellectualization suitable for the agricultural production, particularly from the whole mechanization of the same crop production to the comprehensive large-scale intensive mechanization of different varieties of crops development needs. The application of agricultural robots has been developed from a single robot to a group operation system with the intelligent cooperation of multiple robots, such as swarm UAV, harvesting robot group, robot group, and robot team. The application scenarios have been more efficient and competitive in the large-scale cooperative operation of agricultural robots. The unmanned intelligent agricultural robot can be the development trend to cope with the agricultural labor shortage and machine generation. Man-machine cooperation and man-machine integration can also bring the respective strengths of new farmers and agricultural robots to achieve the common growth of man-machine. Consequently, some recommendations were made to strengthen basic research, and break through the restrictions and blockades of algorithms, models, materials, and processes, particularly for the high-level scientific and technological self-reliance in the field of agricultural robots. It is very necessary to accelerate the implementation of the development strategy of agricultural robots during this time. The level of intelligence of agricultural robots needs to be further improved for the stability, high quality, and high efficiency of operating performance suitable for various operating environments. In addition, the decision making on the supportive and guiding policies and the investment can also be critical to strengthen the research and talent team, thereby promoting sustainable and healthy development in the application of agricultural robot technology and equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the expression and significance of microRNA-21 and its regulatory gene EGFR in non-small cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Lung tissue samples of 30 patients with pathologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer from October 2020 to December 2020 in The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University were taken as the research objects, including 24 cases of lung adenocarcinoma and 6 cases of lung squamous cell carcinoma, and the lung tissue adjacent to cancer was taken as the control. The expression of microRNA-21 was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, and the protein expression and localization of EGFR were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The expression levels of microRNA-21 and EGFR in lung tissue adjacent to cancer were lower. Compared with lung tissue adjacent to cancer, the expression levels of microRNA-21 and EGFR in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma were significantly increased (P < 0.01); compared with lung adenocarcinoma, the expression levels of microRNA-21 and EGFR in lung squamous cell carcinoma were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Conclusion MicroRNA-21 and its regulatory gene EGFR are highly expressed in NSCLC lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, and the expression trend is consistent, which can be used to predict the progress and prognosis of NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the probabilistic hesitant fuzzy staged dynamic group decision-making problem with partially unknown weights of decision makers. Aiming at the change of the external environment and combining the symbol distance measurement, the paper proposed a phased group decision-making method considering the change of the external environment. Firstly, the method defined the hesitant degree formula of probabilistic hesitant fuzzy elements based on the variance and number difference of the elements, and defined the symbol distance formula of probabilistic hesitant fuzzy elements on this basis. Then, according to the characteristics that the change of the external environment would lead to the difference of the information obtained in each timing stage, the method constructed a dynamic decision model to determine the weights of decision makers in each timing stage, and then aggregated the information in stages to form a scheme chain of decision-making process. Finally, an example verified th e effectiveness and rationality of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural revitalization strategy is a hot topic in China. How to ensure the steady advancement of rural revitalization strategy and its effect of rural revitalization needs to evaluate the level of rural revitalization. Therefore, Construction of a scientific and reasonable evaluation index system for rural rejuvenation level is of great significance for the monitoring and evaluation of rural rejuvenation level. This study uses five aspects indexes of prosperity of industry, ecological livability, rural civilization, effective governance, and wealthy life to construct a evaluation index system of rural revitalization level based on statistical analysis of the evaluation indexes in the literature and frequency analysis, combined with expert consultation and field surveys, and the indexes are comprehensive grain production capacity; agricultural science and technology progress contribution rate; agricultural labor productivity; proportion of agricultural mechanization; level of agricultural informatization; village green coverage; waste treatment rate; rural sanitary toilet penetration rate; days of air quality compliance;percentage of expenditure on education, culture and entertainment of rural residents; average years of education of rural population; proportion of full-time teachers with bachelor degree or above in primary and secondary schools; village affairs open rate; rural gini coefficient; rural governance villager participation rate; income ratio of urban and rural residents; engel coefficient of rural residents; and per capita disposable income of rural residents. An empirical study is carried out with 5 towns (Anzhuang, Wangzhuang, Taoyuan, Wenyang and Sunbo) in Feicheng City, Shandong Province. The weight of each evaluation index for the evaluation of the rural revitalization level of each township is determined based on the analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method. A comprehensive evaluation method is used to establish an evaluation model of rural revitalization level and calculate the rural revival level index of each township. The rural revitalization index of Anzhuang Town, Wangzhuang Town, Taoyuan Town, Wenyang Town and Sunbo Town are 0.850 7, 0.848 8, 0.844 2, 0.811 2, 0.781 0 respectively. Anzhuang Town, Wangzhuang Town, Taoyuan Town, and Wenyang Town have a relatively high level of rural revitalization. The rural revitalization level of Sunbo Town is lower than the above 4 towns and needs to be improved. In the context of the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, the research on the evaluation indexes and models of rural revitalization level is not only important for scientifically measuring the level of rural revitalization, but also for monitoring and early warning and correcting the level of rural revitalization, and it would play a positive role to promote the implementation of strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of implementing the rural revitalization strategy to promote the development of digital agriculture and digital village, the evaluation of agricultural informatization level is a hot issue in domestic agriculture. At present, the evaluation index system of agricultural informatization level determined by different scholars in China is quite different. This study analyzes and discusses the evaluation indexes of China's agricultural informatization level, and discusses the characteristics and regulation of China's agricultural informatization level evaluation indexes. The research finds that the indexes of the agricultural informatization level have obvious characteristics of the times. The indexes of the agricultural informatization level are too many, too extensive, and have the synonymous features when names are different. Some evaluation indexes have poor measurability, and the connotation is too general and broad. Some indexes are outdated, and there are also new indexes reflecting the application of new technologies not considered. Therefore, in the process of implementing the rural revitalization strategy, it is of great significance to formulate agricultural informatization level evaluation indexes that are unified, standardized, scientific and reasonable, and advancing with the times for the evaluation, monitoring and early warning of agricultural informatization level. On the basis of comprehensive predecessors' research, considering agricultural informatization resources and informatization technology applications, agricultural informatization infrastructure, agricultural informatization industry, agricultural informatization human resources, and agricultural informatization technology policy and environment，a set of relatively scientific and reasonable evaluation index system of agricultural informatization level is constructed, and the analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weight of each index, which provide reference for the evaluation of agricultural informatization level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognizing time phrases from clinical text is a fundamental task for many applications in clinical NLP. Traditional methods based on rules and machine learning require the design of complex rules and feature extraction, and the serial method used by most systems may lead to error propagation. This paper proposed a novel neural network based on bidirectional longshort term memory (BLSTM) to identifying clinical time expressions and the type of them simultaneously. Firstly, it combined character-level word embedding trained by convolutional neural network (CNN) with word embedding trained from large-scale biomedical corpus together as input to BLSTM. Then it utilized BLSTM to model context information of each word. Finally, it employed conditional random field (CRF) to optimize the output of BLSTM. This paper evaluated the model task 12 of on the Semeval-2016. It receives the best F1 value without requiring any handcrafted features or rules . Compared with the state-of-theart systems in this task, the proposed model improves the F1 scores by 3% . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The effects of soil water content and light intensity on the leaf flexibility of flue-cured tobacco leaves under different leaf number were studied. [Method] Through the greenhouse experiment set,the number of leaves (18, 20, 22) ,different soil moisture content (more 40 % or less 20 %) , and different light intensity (shading, no shading) ,the leaf flexibility of all parts of flue-cured tobacco K326 was studied. [Result] In tin; ease of a certain number of leaves, the lower tin; soil water content was, the less the light was, tin; shorter tin; growth period of flue-cured tobacco was, tin; worse tin; growth the lower the flexibility of tin; flue-cured tobacco leaves was,and tin; more prone to the phenomenon of broken leaves was. [Conclusion] When the flue-cured tobacco was in the environmental condition with the phenomenon of broken leaves, it was necessary to reduce the effective leaf number to improve the flexibility of the leaves to a certain extent so as to achieve the purpose of preventing tin; occurrence of broken leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of different N, P and K combination levels on seed yield and economic traits of Brassica hapobrassica was studied by the quadratic regression rotation combination design to speed up application and popularization speed of new pasture varieties. Results: The mathematic model between fertilizer factor and seed yield is successfully established. The highest seed yield and output value are 2918.06 kg / hm2 and 291 806. 00 Yuan / hm2 under the application condition of 112. 4 kg / hm2 urea + 123 kg/hm2 calcium magnesium phosphate+ 96. 4 kg / hm2 potassium sulphate respectively. The effect of fertilizer factors on seed yield is P > N > K. The contribution of different economic traits on seed yield is main inflorescence length > effective branches > height > pods / plant > seeds / pod > thousand seeds weight. The seed yield of Brassica hapobrassica can be effectively increased by improving main inflorescence length and effective branches, followed by improving height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the anti-fibrotic effect of Kudancao tablets on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats . Methods Forty healthy adult SD rats（200±20g）were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group（without any treatment），normal saline group（intratracheal instillation of normal saline ），model group（intratracheal instillation of 5mg/kg of Bleomycin）and kudancao tablets group（intragastric administration of kudancao tablets suspended in normal saline， 0.705g/(100 g.d)，2 times/day and for 5 times， then intratracheal instillation of 5 mg/kg of Bleomycin 1h later ）. Rats in all groups were scraficed 14d and 28d after intratracheal instillation. Alkali hydrolysis method was used to detect the HYP content in lung tissues. The pathological changes were observed with HE staining and silver staining. Results　Compared with the normal control group and normal saline group， the HYP content in the lung tissues of rats in model group increased significantly（P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the HYP content in the lung tissues of rats in kudancao tablets group decreased significantly（P＜0.01）. Pathological examination showed that significant fibrotic changes were found in lungs of rats in model group，while the fibrotic changes were ameliorated in lungs of rats in kudancao tablets group. Conclusion　Kudancao tablets may decrease the hydroxyproline content in lung tissues， and ameliorate the fibrotic degree of lungs of rats with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical application value of liquid based cytology（LBC） in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant hydrothorax and ascites．Methods　Nine hundreds and forty-seven cases of hydrothorax and ascites samples， including 752 cases of hydrothorax and 195 cases of ascites， were collected. Liquid based cytology（LBC） test and conventional cytology（CC）test were performed to differentially diagnose benign and malignant hydrothorax and ascites， and the difference in the quality and satisfaction of cell slide preparation and the diagnostic results were compared between the two cytology tests．Results（1） Cell slide prepared with CC: the positive cells were few and scattered and had more overlap， the cell distribution was thick and uneven， the background was not clear and often interfered by red blood cells and inflammatory exudate. Cell slide prepared with LBC: the positive cells were more and concentrated and had no overlap， the cell distribution was uniform and in monolayer， the background was clean and clear. The satisfaction rate of slide preparation with CC and LBC was 86.5% and 95.2%， respectively（P＜0.05）. （2）In the total 947 cases of hydrothorax and ascites，the positive rate（27.2%）of LBC test was a little higher than CC test（27.2% vs. 24.6%），but the difference had no statistical significance（P＞0.05）. Conclusion　Liquid based cytology is better than conventional cytology in the quality and satisfaction of the cell slide preparation of hydrothorax and ascites samples， and has a little higher positive diagnostic rate of malignant hydrothorax and ascites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of immunosuppression of calcineurin inhibitor monotherapy (AiCNIm) after alemtuzumab induction following renal transplantation. Methods Randomized control clinical trials related to application of AiCNIm (AiCNIm group) and conventional triple regimes (Triple group) for immunosupression after renal transplantation, published from 1 980 to December 31 201 4, were searched online from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrance library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Meta-analysis was performed by Rev Man 5.2 software. Results Five randomized control studies consisting of 421 renal transplant recipients were included. The results of follow up for 6-1 2 months revealed that compared with the Triple group, the incidence of rejection response confirmed by acute rejection or aspiration biopsy in the AiCNIm group was significantly lower [relative risk (RR) =0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.40-0.89 ]. However, there was no significant difference in the risk of renal allograft dysfunction (RR =0.85, 95% CI:0.38-1 .87),death of recipient (RR =0.89, 95% CI:0.30-2.67), infection (RR =1 .03, 95% CI:0.91 -1 .1 7) and new-onset diabetes after transplantation (RR =0.62, 95% CI:0.29-1 .30)between two groups (all in P >0.05). Conclusions According to the existing evidence,application of calcineurin inhibitor monotherapy after renal transplantation exerts short-term immunosuppressive effect and high safety after alemtuzumab induction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the problem of traditional CCR model and two-stage DEA model in eco-efficiency measurement, this paper proposes a new two-stage model based on cooperative game, and applies to evaluate eco-efficiency of production system, which has complicated internal structure and undesirable outputs. Then, this paper constructs an efficiency decomposition model based on optimal coordination efficiency to solve the problem that subsystem efficiency may not be only, and finds the influencing factors of efficiency from a deeper level, in order to promote two subsystems common development. Finally, an empirical case about water eco-efficiency of regional industrial system in China is introduced to verify the rationality and validity of the model in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To increase the comfort level of the patients with breast cancer by improving the postoperative body posture for increasing the nursing satisfactory degree. Methods One hundred and four cases of breast cancer treated in this hospital from October 2015 to May 2017 were divided into the control group（51 cases）and observation group（53 cases）.The control group adopted the recumbent position without pillow after operation，while the observation group adopted the horizontal position by rising the bed head at 20°-30°. The postoperative headache，dizzness，nausea，vomiting，pain of neck，back and shoulder and comfort were compared between the two groups. Results The postoperative headache，dizzness，nausea，vomiting， pain of neck，back and shoulder and comfort had statistical difference between the observation group and control group（P<0.05）； the incidence rate of involved limb swelling in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group，the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion The position improvement after breast cancer operation can allevi-ate the patient′s pain，enhances the comfort and increases the nursing satisfaction [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crops have diverse structures and complex growth environments. RGB image data can reflect the texture and color features of plants accurately, while 3D data contains information about crop volume. The combination of RGB image and 3D point cloud data can achieve the extraction of two-dimensional and three-dimensional phenotypic parameters of crops, which is of great significance for the research of phenomics methods. In this study, potatoe plants were chosen as the research subject, and RGB cameras and laser scanners were used to collect 50 potato RGB images and 3D laser point cloud data. The segmentation accuracy of four deep learning semantic segmentation methods, OCRNet, UpNet, PaNet, and DeepLab v3+, were compared and analyzed for the RGB images. OCRNet, which demonstrated higher accuracy, was used to perform semantic segmentation on top-view RGB images of potatoes. Mean shift clustering algorithm was optimized for laser point cloud data processing, and single-plant segmentation of laser point cloud data was completed. Stem and leaf segmentation of single-plant potato point cloud data were accurately performed using Euclidean clustering and K-Means clustering algorithms. In addition, a strategy was proposed to establish a one-to-one correspondence between RGB images and point clouds of single-plant potatoes using pot numbering. 82D phenotypic parameters and 103D phenotypic parameters, including maximum width, perimeter, area, plant height, volume, leaf length, and leaf width, etc., were extracted from RGB images and laser point clouds, respectively. Finally, the accuracy of three representative and easily measurable phenotypic parameters, leaf number, plant height, and maximum width were evaluated. The mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) were 8.6%, 8.3% and 6.0%, respectively, while the root mean square errors (RMSE) were 1.371 pieces, 3.2 cm and 1.86 cm, respectively, and the determination coefficients (R²) were 0.93, 0.95 and 0.91, respectively. The research results indicated that the extracted phenotype parameters can accurately and efficiently reflect the growth status of potatoes. Combining the RGB image data of potatoes with three-dimensional laser point cloud data can fully exploit the advantages of the rich texture and color characteristics of RGB images and the volumetric information provided by three-dimensional point clouds, achieving non-destructive, efficient, and high-precision extraction of two-dimensional and three-dimensional phenotype parameters of potato plants. The achievements of this study could not only provide important technical support for the cultivation and breeding of potatoes but also provide strong support for phenotype-based research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To research the clinical effect of intravitreal injection of Conbercept in the prevention of proliferative vitreoretinopathy after vitrectomy for severe posterior scleral laceration. Methods: From September 2018 to September 2020, 40 cases of patients (40 eyes) with severe posterior scleral laceration in our hospital were selected for the study, and they were randomly divided into the control group 20 eyes (treated with conventional scleral laceration suture and pars plana vitrectomy) and the observation group 20 eyes (treated with scleral laceration suture and pars plana vitrectomy combined with intravitreal injection) of Conbercept). The visual acuity and intraocular pressure were compared between the two groups before and after treatment,and the incidence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and retinal redetachment were compared between the two groups after treatment. Results: After treatment, the best corrected visual acuity was significantly higher than that before treatment in both groups, and the intraocular pressure was normal in two groups.The The incidence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy in the observation group (15.0 %) was significantly lower than that in the control group (45.0 %, P<0.05), and the recurrence rate of retinal detachment in the observation group (5.0 %) was lower than that in the control group (30.0 %, P>0.05). Conclusions: Vitrectomy combined with intravitreal injection of Conbercept for severe posterior scleral laceration can effectively reduce the incidence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and the recurrence rate of postoperative retinal detachment,and improve the visual prognosis of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various production and living activities have posed a great impact on the natural environment in the era of ecological civilization. It is necessary to consider how to implement nature restoration and protect while taking from it. Most studies and state-of-art technologies have been developed for resourceful recycling of agricultural wastes, with emphasis on the modern biotechnology and engineering to enhance microbial reduction. This recycling allows for the timely replenishment of nutrients that consumed by the plant production, while reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and fossil fuels. We need to bring ecological balance back. This change of concept fully reflects the evolution of human civilization, where the construction of ecological civilization is highly demanding. Correspondingly, the agricultural engineering discipline is directly related to agricultural ecology and environment, thereby also needs to raise the height of understanding in theory. The scientific ethical concept of harmonious coexistence can be emphasized between human and water, soil, green and resources utilization. A discipline standard can also be recognized as the protection of natural environment and the maintenance of ecological balance. Therefore, the main purpose of agricultural engineering discipline has been changed to promote the harmonious coexistence between human and nature. Chinese cultural factors are also precisely integrating to one of the most important part of agricultural engineering. Consequently, the discipline of agricultural engineering should develop the agricultural production and economy under the premise of respecting and maintaining the natural environment. At the same time, the agricultural development needs to focus on some factors between human and nature, such as agroecology and agricultural culture. The research focus of agricultural development can be extended from a single element of survival to three elements of production, life and ecology. As such, the agricultural engineering discipline in the era of ecological civilization is facing new opportunities and challenges. In this study, a new connotation of agricultural engineering discipline was proposed according to the new ideas and requirements of ecological civilization, including the research objects, theoretical systems, and research of agricultural engineering disciplines. Specifically, the object of study in the discipline of agricultural engineering can be taken the ecosystem, consisting of human and agricultural resources, production and consumption in the era of ecological civilization. It has expanded from agricultural biological systems to agricultural ecosystems. The theoretical system has incorporated the concepts of ecological civilization and agricultural culture. The scientific research has been supplemented to strengthen the cutting-edge fields, such as system science, numerical simulation, big data, and cloud computing. The agricultural engineer in the era of ecological civilization is no longer simply a designer or producer of agricultural machinery and equipment, or a developer of agricultural energy, or a manager of agricultural water and soil. In essence, a modern agricultural engineer has become a farm planner to manage the various risks encountered in agricultural production, particularly integrating agricultural equipment, environment, resources, culture, and production factors. In addition, a future direction was addressed for the construction of agricultural engineering discipline using some examples from the international exploration and application. The results demonstrated that the needs of social progress was met in the development concept of the new connotation of agricultural engineering discipline in the era of ecological civilization. The finding can provide a promising scientific reference to further enrich the theoretical system of agricultural engineering disciplines, while a potential technical support to the ethical form of agricultural culture for sustained social prosperity. Consequently, the agricultural engineering discipline can be expected to become a scientific driving force for the advance of harmonious coexistence, virtuous cycle, and comprehensive development of human, nature and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To understand the heavy metal pollution of typical farmland soil in a certain area of Yunnan Province. [Method]The contents of heavy metals such as Cd, As, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr and Hg in typical heavy metal contaminated farmland soils in a certain area of Yunnan Province were investigated; the principal component analysis, correlation analysis, individual pollution index, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index and potential ecological hazard index were used in combination with GIS interpolation to evaluate the status, sources and potential risks of heavy metal pollution in soils. [Result] The contents of Cd, As, Cu, Zn and Hg in the farmland soil of the study area were higher than the soil background values of Yunnan Province, and the contents of Cd, As and Cu at different depths were higher than the risk screening values in the Agricultural Land Pollution Risk Control Standard for Soil Environmental Quality (Trial Implementation) (GB 15618-2018). The contents of Cd, As, Cu and Zn in some surface soil samples exceeded the national standard, and the exceeding rate of heavy metals was in the order of Cu >Cd>As>Zn>Pb =Cr =Hg. The spatial distributions of Cd, Pb and Cr in the surface soil of the study area were similar, and their content distributions showed that the contents of these metals gradually decreased from east to west in the study area. The high values of As and Zn were mainly distributed in the southwest of the study area, the spatial distribution of Cu content was high in the northwest and low in the southeast, while Hg was unevenly distributed in the soil. The results of single pollution index and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index showed that farmland soil was polluted by Cd, As and Cu, Cu pollution was the most serious and the overall level of heavy metals in the study area was in the moderate degree. Potential ecological risk assessment indicated that Cd was the main ecological risk factor, with medium ecological risk as the main hazard, and the heavy metal pollution in local soil was at a mild potential ecological hazard degree. The principal component analysis and correlation analysis showed that Pb and Cr were mainly from parent materials. Cd and some Pb and Cr might come from sewage irrigation, As and Zn might be related to industrial waste gas emission, Cu might come from organic fertilizer, and Hg might be caused by atmospheric deposition of heavy metal dust. [Conclusion] There existed heavy metal pollution in typical farmland soils in a certain area of Yunnan Province, where Cu was the most seriously polluted, but Cd was the most harmful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The effects of deep ploughing on soil characteristics and maize yield of red soil sloping land,and the suitable subsoiling depth and operation measures were selected to provide a basis for the rational construction of red soil sloping land. [MethodsJin this study, four different tillage treatments including conventional rotary tillage 20 cm (CK) , no-tillage (SO) , subsoiling 30 cm (S30) and subsoiling 40 cm (S40) were set up. The planting methods was sowing maize with identical field management and fertilization methods. [ ResultsjThe results showed that treatments SO, S30 and S40 had no significant died on maize yield, but in the first year, the biological yield increased significantly by 11.66 % , 14.69 % and 5. 07 % , respectively. In the second year, the yield increased by 3. 22 % ,22. 03 % and 14. 14 % , respectively. The biological yield increased —1.81 % , 15.61 % , 5. 27 % , respectively; In the third year, the yield of corn increased by 28.71 % , 22.00 % and5.69 % , respectively, the biological yield increased by 16.86 % , 14.86 % and 3.76 % , respectively. In the 0-20 cm soil layer, with SO treatment, soil bulk density decreased by 2. 83 % in three years, soil compaction increased by 33.20 % , soil water content decreased by 5.73 % ; with S30 treatment, soil bulk density and soil compaction reduced by 3. 88 % and 3.95, respectively, soil water content increased by 5.44 % ; with S40 treatment, soil bulk density decreased by 0. 52 % , soil compaction increased by 7.70 %. In the 20 -40 cm soil layer, with SO treatment, soil bulk density decreased by 3. 41 %, the soil compaction increased by 7. 54 % , the soil water content increased by 6.21 % ; with S30 treatment, soil bulk density decreased by 9. 23 % , llie soil compaction decreased by 20. 27 % , and llie soil water content increased by 13. 80 % ; with S40 treatment, soil weight loss decreased by 8.79 % , soil compaction decreased by 15. 38 % , and soil water content increased by 7.99 %. In ihe 40 -60 cm soil layer, with SO treatment, soil bulk density decreased bv 3. 17 % , soil compaction increased by 35.53 % , soil water content increased by 2. 86 % ; with S30 treatment, soil bulk density decreased by 1.48 % , soil compaction increased by 21.93 % , soil water content increased by 3. 00 % ; with S40 treatment, soil weight loss decreased by 4. 86 % , soil compaction decreased by 2. 84 % , soil water content increased by 7. 84 %. [Conclusion] Deep ploughing was a suitable tillage measure that could promote the yield of maize on the slope of red soil in Yunnan Province, and the suitable depth of subsoiling was 30 cm in this experimental area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The connecting pipe openings on the downstream in spherical valve often fail in many high water-head power stations. As to the problem, strength analysis is made on the connecting pipe openings by using ANSYS finite element analysis softwarethe and basic reason that causes damage to the downstream connecting pipe openings is found. Therefore, an improved scheme to the opening shape is put forward. The practice proves that the improved scheme in which the shape of the downstream connecting pipe openings is transferred from circle to ellipse can effectively reduce the openings’ stress concentration, ensuring the safe operation of the connecting pipe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The study was conducted to evaluate the difference of Cd-As absorption and accumulation by different rice varieties in cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) co-contaminated soils, in order to provide theoretical basis for safe production and utilization of rice in the region. [Method] The experiment site was located at Dongchuang district of Kunming city, Yunnan province. A field experiment was used to carry out this investigation; The experiment consisted of ten treatments, including Indica Hybrid Rice (Zhongzheyou 8, Zhongzheyou 10, Zhongzheyou 1, Qingyou 676, Minhongliangyou 177),Conventional Indica Rice (Yunhangjing 3, Yunhanghong 1), Conventional Japonica Rice (Yunhangjing 2, Yunhangjing 3, Yunhangjing 7).Plants were sampled during the mature stage, then rice agronomic traits and Cd-As accumulation characteristics were analyzed in different rice cultivars. [Result] There were significant differences in the agronomic traits and Cd-As accumulation characteristics in different rice cultivars. Among them, the values of maximum rice yield, plant height, 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate were 2.91, 1.17, 1.40 and 1.24 times of their minimum, respectively. The values of maximum biomass shoots and roots were 2.12 and 2.47 times of their minimum, respectively. The values of maximum Cd and As contents in the roots, stems and leaves, chaffs and brown rice were 2.33, 3.50, 1.40 and 4.00 times and 2.03, 3.50, 1.40 and 4.00 times of their minimum, respectively. The values of maximum Cd and As accumulation in the roots, stems and leaves, chaffs and brown rice were 4.45, 3.27, 3.53 and 12.06 times and 2.51, 1.81, 3.02 and 3.70 times of their minimum, respectively. The Cd and As transport coefficient was as the following: TFrice/stem＞TFrice/chaff＞TFstem/root and TFstem/root＞ TFrice/chaff＞TFrice/stem in rice. Among all rice cultivars, Zhongzheyou 8 had high agronomic characters, its brown rice Cd and As accumulation was also high, while Yunhangjing 2 had low agronomic characters, its brown rice Cd and As accumulation was the lowest. Correlation analysis showed that the yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with the brown rice Cd content, while the yield was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the brown rice As content. The brown rice Cd content was extremely significantly positively correlated with TFrice/stem and TFrice/chaff, while the chaffs As content was extremely significantly negatively correlated with TFrice/stem and TFrice/chaff, the brown rice As content was not significantly correlated with TFstem/root, TFrice/stem, and TFrice/chaff and the brown rice Cd content was not significantly correlated with brown rice As content. [Conclusion] In the long-term flooded soil, the Cd activity was low and the As activity was high, but the Cd transport capacity in different parts of rice was higher than that of the As transport capacity of planting hybrid indica rice varieties, Zhongzheyou 8 with high yield was good for growing in soils without heavy metal contamination, while conventional japonica rice Yunhangjing 2 should be used as the best rice variety in Cd and As co-contaminated polluted soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to improve the automation and intelligence of high-clearance sprayers, while avoiding pesticide poisoning to operators. An unmanned high-clearance sprayer was therefore developed and then manufactured using state-of-the-art autonomous navigation, mechanical, electrical, and hydraulic technologies. A conventional high-clearance booming sprayer was selected to serve as the platform. The electrical system of the sprayer was composed of five sub-systems, including the driving control, navigation, remote control, spraying, and ground station. Electric devices were designed to realize automatic control of engine start/stop, four-wheel steering, throttle aperture, moving speed, spraying pump, and booming beams. A micro-controller PIC18F258 with CAN and serial ports was utilized to process data, and then send signals to the relays and motor drivers that rotated DC motors as executors. An electric steering was also developed, including the brushless motor, potentiometer, motor driver, and steering controller. The brushless motor was used to provide the steering torque, where the output shaft of the motor was connected directly to the input shaft of the hydraulic steering unit. A CAN-bus communication network was established to allow for the real-time switch between two modes, such as remote control and autonomous navigation. A dual-antenna RTK-GNSS receiver and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) were used as navigation sensors to collect the positioning and attitude data. An attitude-based correction was proposed to compensate positioning measurements corrupted by the chassis inclination, thereby accurately acquiring the actual position of the sprayer. The RTK-GNSS positioning data was also utilized to calculate the actual minimum turning radius during the headland turn, particularly considering kinematic characteristics in fields with various soil conditions. A straight path also needed to be planned according to the turning radius, in order to ensure the explicit turning trajectory and accurate path tracking after finishing the headland turn. The reason was that the distance between adjacent working paths was considerably larger than that of the turning radius, where the working width was 12 m. An automatic calibration was introduced to determine the range of steering angle, steering angle in straight and heading measurement shift for the high-accuracy driving. The correction was also necessary to consider the installation of GNSS antennas and the potentiometer on different fixing locations with respect to the machine body. As such, a comprehensive validation was gained on the automatic operating mechanisms and CAN-bus network communication. A series of experiments were also conducted to evaluate the performance of newly-developed unmanned high-clearance sprayers under remote control and autonomous navigation, in terms of automatic operation in path tracking. The results showed that the maximum values were 20.81 and 8.84 cm under the remote control and autonomous navigation, with the average errors of 0.90 and 3.16 cm on the left, and the RMS errors of 2.66 and 1.08 cm, respectively, in terms of the lateral error, indicating that the executing mechanisms responded to operation commands in a stable and rapid way. The driving performance under autonomous navigation was much better than under remote control in agricultural spraying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] A long-term positioning experiment of no-tillage organic fertilization was carried out to investigate the effects of conservation tillage on soil quality and crop yield in the typical red soil sloping cropland in central Yunnan Province. [Method] In this study, notillage without organic fertilization treatment (NA) was used as a control experiment, and long-term positioning experiment of no-tillage organic fertilization (NE) was set up, and the effects of NE on soil quality and crop yield were studied from 2015 to 2018. [Result] The results showed that the field moisture capacity increased by 10.26% and 9.46%, and the water content of soil increased by 6. 32% and 9.11% in NE treatment in the depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm, respectively. The soil pH in the three soil layeis of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm increased by 10.80%, 7.19% and 3. 54%, the organic matter increased by 18.47%, 23.02% and 30.86%, the soil total nitrogen increased by 11.28% ,17.86% and 16.22%, the soil available nitrogen increased by 7.33%, 16.21% and 7.36%, respectively. The bacterial abundance of Pmteobacteria, Ac ido bacteria and Gemmatimonadetes increased by 23.65%, 39.72% and 42.08%, and the abundance of Chlorojlexi and Adinobacteria was reduced by 53.03% and 49.15%, respectively. The biomass of com stalks in-creased by 10.86% and the yield of com increased by 20.09%. [Conclusion] No-tillage organic fertilization is an effective measure to realize the rational tillage construction of red soil sloping cropland, which can improve soil quality,crop yield and bacterial population structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis of the knee（KOA） is a common degenerative disease of the knee joint. There are a lot of clinical methods for the screening of KOA and the severity of disease. This article reviews the study on efficacy evaluation of knee osteoarthritis from the aspects of knee function score， laboratory examination， imaging examination and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] T1 re present pajx?r mainly explored the crop output and soil nutrients by different crop allocation of the rotation and management measures in Southwest China, aiming to establish an efficient rotation mode and scientific fertilization method. [Method] Rotation mode with rice-beans and rice-garlic and management measures with CK, conventional treatment, optimized treatment, reducing irrigation / straw mulching were set up in 2013, and crop yield, output value, VCR and soil nutrient were determined. [Result]The crop yield, output value and VCR of the rotation crop were not affected by partially replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer, and the soil organic matter was increased by 6. 85 % compared with conventional treatment. The alternation of water and drought rotation could significantly affect soil pH value, organic matter and available N, P and K. The content of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the dry season were increased by 8. 31 % , 44. 55 % , 52. 61 % and 22. 73 % , respectively. After 5 years of paddy riee-upland crop rotation, soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were increased by 21.25 %, 62.91 % and 88.04 % respectively. The economic benefits and soil nutrient content of riee-gariic rotation were higher than that of rice-broad bean, output value and VCR were increase by 56. 70 % , 45. 65 % , soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available; potassium were increased by 2. 93 % , 23. 94 % , 30. 09 % and 35. 96 % , respectively. In paddy rice-upland emp rotation system, soil productivity could be improved significantly by planting high value-added cash crop after rice. [Conclusion] The; rice-garlic rotation could achieve high economic benefits and improve soil fertility, and the crop yield was not affected by reducing irrigation, partially replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia is an important factor that affects bone formation and regulates bone growth. Therefore, many elderly patients living in high-altitude hypoxic areas exhibit osteoporosis. Oxidative stress-related hypoxia-inducible factors can induce abnormal expression of various factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor, and endothelin. However, it remains unclear whether these factors influence changes in bone metabolic markers. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between oxidative stress-related factors and bone metabolic markers in elderly male patients with degenerative osteoporosis who reside in the high-altitude hypoxic area of China. METHODS: This is a prospective, single-center, non-randomized, controlled trial. One hundred and twenty elderly male patients with degenerative osteoporosis residing in the high-altitude area of China who receive treatment at the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University of China are included as osteoporosis group; 120 healthy elderly males who concurrently receive physical examination are included as control group. One day after admission, serum levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1a), HIF-2a, VEGF, osteocalcin, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5 b (TRACP 5 b) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone mineral density in L1-4 segments, right femoral neck, and the greater trochanter of the femur was detected using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The primary outcome measure of this study is serum HIF-1a levels at 1 day after admission. Secondary outcome measures include serum levels of HIF-1a, HIF-2a, VEGF, osteocalcin, and TRACP 5 b at 1 day after admission, as well as the correlation between serum levels of oxidative stress indicators (HIF-1a, HIF-2a, and VEGF) and bone metabolic markers (osteocalcin and TRACP 5 b) at 1 day after admission. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University of China (approval No. QHY1402G). The study is performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants are informed of the study protocol and procedures, and signed an informed consent. Participant recruitment, blood sampling, and data collection are performed during January 2015 to February 2018. Outcome measure analysis and trial completion will be in March 2018. Results will be disseminated through presentations at scientific meetings and/or by publication in peer-reviewed journals. This trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR-ROC-17012848). DISCUSSION: Findings from this study aim to validate the correlation between oxidative stress-related factors and bone metabolic markers in elderly male patients with degenerative osteoporosis who reside in the high-altitude area of China. We intend to confirm risk factors of degenerative osteoporosis in elderly males living in high-altitude hypoxic areas, thus providing guidance for preventing osteoporosis occurrence and development in high-altitude hypoxic areas of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective · To observe the vascular structure before autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) construction in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and analyze the risk factors of the pre-existing venous neointimal hyperplasia. Methods · The 8 vein samples were screened from 20 ESRD patients at their first time of the AVF construction (non-stenosis group), and the other 8 vein samples were screened from 15 ESRD patients at their at least second time of the AVF repair operation (stenosis group). Sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H-E) or Masson's trichrome for observation. The intimal thickness was measured by the cellSens software, and its correlation with patients' renal function, calcium-phosphorus metabolism, iron metabolism and inflammatory reaction in the non-stenosis group were analyzed. Results · In the non-stenosis group, there were varying degrees of intimal hyperplasia in 5 (62.5%) cases, loss of endothelial cell layer in 3 (37.5%) cases, and vascular wall replacement by collagenous with atrophy or loss of muscle layer in 5 (62.5%) cases. In the stenosis group, almost all vein samples showed general thickening of the wall and 2 (25.0%) totally lost the muscle layer. Avg It of those two groups were statistically significant (P<0.01). In the non-stenosis group, both of average I/M thickness and average I/M area were negatively related to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (P<0.05) and positively related to serum phosphorus and calcium-phosphorus product (P<0.05). Conclusion · Some apparently normal vein of ESRD patients showed varying degrees of intimal hyperplasia before AVF construction. The intimal hyperplasia had a remarkable correlation with GFR or calcium-phosphorus metabolism. Early intervention of the intimal hyperplasia prior to AVF construction may be a new prevention and control means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To establish a rat model of atherosclerosis， and observe the changes of blood biochemical indexes of rats. Methods 20 SD rats （male） were randomly divided into two groups: normal control group and model group （n＝10 in each group） . Rats in the normal control group were only given the basal diet. Rats in the model group were given sequential feeding two kinds of high-fat diets on the basis of intraperitoneal injection of VD3 （750 000 U/kg） . After feeding for 20 weeks， blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta of rats in two groups to detect the blood biochemical indexes， including blood lipids （TC，TG， LDL-C and HDL-C）， blood glucose and liver function indexes （ALT and AST） . Thoracic aorta was collected for histopathological examination. Results Sequential feeding two kinds of high-fat diets for 20 weeks successfully established a rat model of atherosclerosis. The plasma lipids （TC and TG） and plasma ALT and AST levels of rats were significantly higher in the model group than those in the normal control group，the difference had statistical significance （ < 0.05） . The blood glucose levels of rats in the model group were a little higher than those in the normal control group， but the difference had no statistical significance (> 0.05) . Conclusion Long-term feeding high-fat diets may lead to hyperlipoidemia and liver function impairment to some extent in establishing rat model of atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem of Yunnan arid regions agricultural loss caused by drought during winter to spring, using three kinds of notillage with mulch cultivation patterns; No-till + PM (treatment 2) ,No-till + MSM(treatment 3) ,No-till + RSM(treatment 4) ,we compared the change of soil moisture content, soil temperature in the wheat plough layer and its effects on wheat plant height, yield change. Results showed that the layers of soil moisture content, soil temperature covered by three kinds of no-tillage with mulch cultivation patterns were higher than no-covered treatment( CK). 0-10 cm soil layer, the soil moisture content had significant difference between treatment 2,3,4 and CK, The average soil moisture content of treatment 2 reached 44. 41 % , which increased by 17.75 % than that of CK, while treatment 3 and 4 increased by 12, 03 % and 12.77 % than that of CK, respectively. The differences of soil moisture content between 10 -20 cm soil layer was not significant. The average soil moisture content of treatment 2 reached 40. 66 % , which was 2. 86 % higher than that of CK, while treatment 3 and 4 increased by 2. 07 % and 2. 58 % than that of CK, respectively. 0-10 cm soil layer, the average soil temperature of treatment 2 reached 17.39 X , which was 2.18 X higher than that of CK, while treatment 3 and 4 increased by 0.65 and 0. 96 °C than that of CK, respectively. 10 -20 cm soil layer, the average soil temperature of treatment 2 reached 16. 97 X, which was 2. 12 X higher than that of CK, while treatment 3 and 4 increased by 0. 52 °C and 0. 96 °C than CK, respectively. During the whole period of wheat growth, moisture and heat preservation effect of treatment 2 was much better than that of treatment 3 and 4. Three kinds of no-tillage with mulch cultivation patterns affected plant height and yield of wheat significantly. Order of wheat yield was; treatment 2 > treatment 4 > treatment 3 , and the highest yield-increase rate of treatment 2 reached 20. 46 % . No-till + PM could be considered to use for short-term effect of increasing yield, but No-till + SM could be considered to recommend for long-term effect of sustainable and pollution-free agricultural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper researches the magnetic field calculation method of magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) in tunnel water detection. According to the induced electromotive force,coil passband, quality factor Q, and the establishment of the excitation field, we can design the transmitter coil and receiving coils of MRS advanced detection in tunnel water gushing. By simulating different numbers of turns and different radius of coils, the inversion result shows different results of different coil. The data can use as a reference to design the coils. when we design the detector, the safety and convenience should be considered. The research provides a better method to the advanced detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的观察老年呼吸衰竭伴慢性肺心病患者血小板活化因子(PAF)水平和血小板功能的变化。方法选取老年呼吸衰竭伴慢性肺心病患者70例为A组,另选取同期慢性肺心病患者70例为B组,健康体检者70例为对照组,应用血小板聚集仪检测血浆中PAF水平,检测血小板膜释放功能(GMP140)、血小板黏附功能(PADT)、血小板聚集功能(PAg T)水平,并对患者进行动脉血气检测。结果 A组、B组、对照组PAF水平分别为(178.3±19.4)、(152.8±1.5)、(132.1±8.6)μg/L,三组间两两比较,P均<0.05。PADT、PAg T和GMP140水平比较A组>B组>对照组(P均<0.05)。A组、B组、对照组动脉血氧分压分别为(47.5±8.2)、(54.2±7.6)、(60.1±9.3)mm Hg,动脉血二氧化碳分压分别为(50.2±8.6)、(44.2±7.6)、(36.3±8.5)mm Hg,三组间两两比较,P均<0.05。结论老年呼吸衰竭伴慢性肺心病患者PAF水平升高,血小板黏附、聚集、膜释放功能增加。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]