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Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to optimize the key component and blade in a shooting mechanism using the conflict matrix method of TRIZ, in order to improve the emergence rate of seeding, while, to reduce the seed breaking rate, during planting wheat in a mechanical shooting seed-metering device. The structure of blade was designed as a combined blade using the surface and reverse force method in TRIZ, where the backward blade served as an initial part, while the forward blade as an accelerate part. Compared with the previous blades, a combined parameters of optimal structure was achieved to decrease the wheat breaking rate, where the radius of backward and forwardbladeswere4 mm and 800mm, respectively. The kinematics analysis can be used to clarify the influencing factors related to the internal collision force of wheat seed and shooting performance during the movement of wheat seed inside the shooting device. The specific factors included the rotation speed of seed-metering device, the radius of backward blade, and the install angle of blades. There was also great influence of structural parameters of blades on the movement of wheat seed in the contact process between wheat seed and blades. EDEM software was used to simulate the movement of wheat seed inside the seed-metering device, where the wheat seeds were constructed by a bonding sphere. In a simulation experiment, five blades were designed to explore the shooting performance at different structures and motion parameters. The maximum collision force between wheat seed and blade were determined for the breaking rate of seeds. An orthogonal simulation test was designed to evaluate the experiment indicators, including the average shooting speed, the maximum collision force, and the coefficient of variation for the shooting depth. The test results showed the primary and secondary order of influencing factors for each index. In the maximum collision force, the significance order was the rotation speed of seed-metering device, the radius of backward blade and install angle of blades, whereas, the significance order for the average shooting speed was the rotation speed of seed-metering device, the install angle of blade, and radius of backward blade. Furthermore, the significance order for the coefficient of variation of shooting depth was the rotation speed of seed-metering device, the install angle of blade, and radius of backward blades. The verification bench experiment was performed on the Conservation Tillage Research Center of China Agricultural University, in 2019, where the average shooting speed, seed breaking rate, coefficient of variation of seeding depth were selected as experiment indicators. The power of seed-metering device and forward speed of conveyor belt were provided by an electric motor directly, where the speed was adjusted at five different levels. In the shooting experiment, the average size of wheat seed (Zheng Mai 9023) was 4.1 mm×3.2 mm×2.1 mm, and the average water content was 19.4%. A SF501 high speed camera was used to collect the average shooting speed of wheat seed, with the spotlight and capture frequency was 50 mm and 1000 r/min, respectively. The results show that the maximum collision force, seed breaking rate, average shooting speed, and coefficient of variation of shooting depth were 7.3 N, 1.1%, 32.5 m/s and 8.9%, respectively, while the rotation speed of seed-metering device, radius of backward blade, and install angle of blade were 1 000 r/min, 40 mm and 15°, respectively. This findings can provide new promising techniques and approaches for the optimization design of seed-metering device in mechanical shooting of wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aiming at the problems that the characteristics of less tillage in conservation tillage, high quality of surface flatness and high requirements on surface soil erosion during tillage, a vertical drive-type surface rotary tillage machine was designed. The main structure was frame, gearbox, transmission system and rotary knife group of surface rotary. The structure of the whole machine meets the requirements of the topography of conservation tillage in the Huang-Huai-Hai area. And also meets process of loose soil, disturbing and finely chopping the soil. Land preparation without leakage can be done on one operation with vertical surface rotary tillage machine. In order to reduce the vibration of the machine, the knife group adopts the same spur gear meshing rotation form. And the opposite direction of each rotation of gear would reduce the vibration of the machine while ensuring the transmission efficiency and improve the stability during operation. There were 10 knife groups of machine, and each of which had the diameter of 260 mm. The distance between 2 adjacent knife groups was 260 mm. In order to avoid the collision of two adjacent knife group during the operation, the installation angle of the adjacent knife group was 18°. The factors affected the effect of the soil-breaking process were got, which through the optimization design of the structural parameters of the key components, the kinematics analysis and the dynamics analysis of the knife. The factors were the rotation speed of the knife and the forward speed of machine. The camber angle of knife was 10° and the width of the knife cutting the soil part was 40 mm through the kinematics analysis. Discrete element method (DEM) was used to established soil model, to simulated soil broken process with rotary knife. The results showed that rotation speed of the knife and the forward speed of machine had a significant influence on the soil-broken rate and soil fatness of shallow soil tillage. Performance optimization experiment was carried out on the vertical drive-type surface rotary machine through the orthogonal field test. The soil broken rate, soil bulk density and surface flatness used as test indicators. The test was implemented in Donghai country, Jiang Su province in December, in 2017. The test results showed the primary and secondary order of influencing factors for each test index. For the soil broken rate, the soil bulk density and surface flatness, the order was rotation speed of knife, the forward speed of machine. The best structure parameter of vertical driving-type surface rotary tillage machine was obtained through field test. And results also showed that the soil broken rate was 95.4%, soil bulk density was 0.82 g/cm3, surface flatness was 16.3 mm, the coefficient of variation of tillage depth was 12.5%, and the coverage rate of straw was 78.6%, when the forward speed of machine was 1.4 m/s, the rotation speed of the knife was 350 r/min. Results met the requirements of soil-broken and straw covering. This study is provide a new optimization and references scheme for surface rotary rotation machine before no-tillage sowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fruit fly Optimization Algorithm (FOA) is easy to fall into premature convergence due to the decrease of population diversity in the process of optimization. In order to overcome the problem, a multiple subgroups fruit fly optimization algorithm based on sequential quadratic programming local search (MFOA-SQP) is proposed. The fruit flies are assigned to multiple subgroups and the mutual learning between subgroups adjusts the step by introducing the inertia weight and learning factors in particle swarm optimization algorithm. The subgroups are reclassified every a certain number of iterations, which can improve population diversity and avoid premature convergence. The best individual is searched by SQP to improve the local fruit fly depth search capability, improving the stability and accelerating the evolution of population in the late iterations. Experiments on 6 benchmark test functions are carried out and an application case that classifies banking customers by the optimized generalized regression neural network is adopted. The results show that the proposed algorithm has superior performance in terms of optimization accuracy and speed, and can effectively improve the classification accuracy of generalized regression neural networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to enhance seeding accuracy and seeding quality of potato, this paper analyses and tests the bouncing and casting process of the cup-belt type potato seed-metering device and the performance of flow deflector. The cup-belt type potato seed-metering devices have the problems such as the nonuniformity of plant spacing, and the higher replay rate and missing rate due to different casting angle, casting speed, casting height and potato bouncing when contacting with furrow. This paper contains the main structure and working principle of cup-belt type potato seed-metering device, and the working principle of the flow deflector is that potato drops out from seed-metering device to the deflector, and then flows along the surface. The flow deflector can reduce longitudinal distance that potato drops into furrow to make the form of potato seed in approximately one column. Flow deflector can also reduce the horizontal velocity of potato seed to decrease the distance of potato dropping into furrow. During the sowing process of seed-metering device, in addition to the contact with the flow deflector, bouncing after contact with soil will also have an influence on seeding results. In the event of seed bounce, the images of bounce process have spatial properties, a circular point uniform density of position of potato in furrow after bounce was formed, each bounce direction has the same possibility after jumping, and the displacement of potato after bounce is inconsistent. The above phenomenon will lead to a higher coefficient of variation for sowing spacing, and a lower qualified rate of seeding. The process of irregular bounce will also increase the replay rate and missing rate. This paper also obtains the main factors that influence bounce distance through the kinematic analysis of casting and bouncing process during potato seeding. The field experiment was carried out; the rotational speed of the driving pulley, the forward speed of the device, and the seed casting height were taken as the experiment factors, and the coefficient of variation of row spacing, the missing rate and the replay rate as the test indices. The test was implemented in Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in September, 2015 and May, 2016. Potato in this test was prepared by Northeast Agricultural University, the shape index of potato was 205.8, and the average mass of potato was 24.38 g. The experimental data were processed and optimized by software Design-Expert 8.0.6. The test result showed the primary and secondary order of influencing factors for each test index. For the coefficient of variation of row spacing, the order was the forward speed of the device, the rotational speed of driving pulley and the casting height of potato seed. For the missing rate, the order was the rotational speed of the driving pulley, the forward speed of the device and the casting height of potato seed. The order for the replay rate was as follows: The rotational speed of the driving pulley, the forward speed of the device and the casting height of potato seed. And results also showed that the coefficient of variation of row spacing was 12.5%, the missing rate was 2.21% and the replay rate was 3.56%, when the rotational speed of driving pulley was 42 r/min, the forward speed of the device was 1.2 m/s and the potato casting height was 640 mm. This device had a good seeding effect compared with the national standards. Through the performance analysis of flow deflector, the theoretical analysis of the casting progress and bouncing process of potato, and the field experiment, it has been verified that the cup-belt type potato seed-metering device which has been optimized can enhance the potato seeding accuracy and sowing effect. This research not only provides the theoretical and technical reference for improvement and optimization of potato seed-metering devices, but also other precision sowing seed-metering devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)