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Growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) and bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15) are two members of the transforming growth factor -β (TGF -β) superfamily, which participate in the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells and oocytes in the ovary. The GDF-9 and BMP-15 secreted by oocyte affect the development and quality of oocytes, and regulate ovarian function, by the interaction between oocyte and cumulus cells. The abnormal expressions of GDF-9 and BMP-15 affect follicular development and zona pellucida structure, which may be an important link leading to infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). BMP-15 activates the Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway, which is closely related to insulin resistance (IR) in PCOS patients. However, the precise quantification of serum GDF-9 and BMP-15 levels is difficult, and the levels of serum GDF-9 and BMP-15 are difficult to be used as specific markers for the diagnosis and treatment evaluation of PCOS. This article reviews the roles of GDF-9 and BMP-15 in follicular development, the effects of abnormal expression of GDF-9 and BMP-15 on follicular development and IR in PCOS patients, and discusses the potential application value of GDF-9 and BMP-15 in the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Scarf osteotomy is an osteotomy of the metatarsal shaft, and the orthopedic force is strong, and the effect of osteotomy is significant, but the orthopedic often fluctuates greatly due to the change of the vetex line of the osteotomy and the angle of the osteotomy, causing undercorrection or overcorrection. Three-dimensional reconstruction software has unique advantages in three-dimensional model reconstruction, osteotomy simulation and index measurement. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify the influence of the osteotomy angle of the Scarf osteotomy line on the strength of orthopedic. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of the inclination angle of the transverse osteotomy line on the strength of hallux valgus correction during Scarf osteotomy using 3-matic software. METHODS: From May 2018 to September 2020, 14 patients diagnosed with hallux valgus were admitted to the Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Wuxi Ninth Hospital, Soochow University, with 21 feet, aged 22 to 76 years old. With the aid of a simulated weight-bearing stent, the simulated weight-bearing CT images of the feet of patients with hallux valgus were obtained. Three-dimensional bone model was constructed in Mimics software, imported in 3-matic software to simulate Scarf osteotomy of the first metatarsal, adjust the different osteotomy angles of the transverse osteotomy line to simulate osteotomy. The relevant indexes of postoperative hallux valgus were measured, and compared with the measurement results of the same individual and the same index. The changing trend of each measured value was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The inclination angle of the transverse osteotomy line of Scarf osteotomy has significant differences with the hallux valgus angle change rate, first-second intermetatarsal angle change rate, lateral intermetatarsal angle change rate and metatarsal head height change rate (P < 0.05). (2) At the same time, the change rate of lateral intermetatarsal angle and metatarsal head height increased significantly when the inclination angle of the osteotomy line was in the range of 20°-25°, and the change rate of hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle was significantly increased in the range of 15°-20°. (3) It is concluded that using computer-assisted technology for preoperative simulation planning to provide a personalized and precise method for the correction of hallux valgus deformity, which is beneficial to reduce the incidence of surgical complications such as metastatic metatarsalgia, and increase the intensity of osteotomy orthopedic and the safety of osteotomy, improve patient satisfaction, reduce the learning curve of surgeons, and provide guidance and theoretical basis for clinical surgical treatment of hallux valgus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of hallux valgus includes bone surgery and soft tissue balance surgery. At present, many surgical plans are made based on the experience of the surgeon. There are many surgical methods for hallux valgus, and the pathological changes are complex and diverse. No surgery can perfectly solve all the problems of hallux valgus, and the surgical effect is not accurate, and the learning curve is also long. OBJECTIVE: To explore the application of digital technology in the treatment of hallux valgus. METHODS: Databases of PubMed, Wanfang, and CNKI were searched. The key words were “hallux valgus; digital technology; biomechanics; finite element; digital orthopedics; osteotomy” in Chinese and English. Retrieval time was from January 2000 to May 2020. Among 571 articles in English and 350 articles in Chinese, 42 articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) When clinical treatment of hallux valgus is performed, the software is used to reconstruct the three-dimensional simulation model, to simulate the operation under different working conditions, and to analyze the orthopedic effect. This has a clear guiding significance for preoperative planning and is helpful to reduce the incidence of postoperative complication of hallux valgus and optimize the orthopedic effect. (2) The use of computer software for three-dimensional modeling and finite element plantar stress analysis has obvious advantages for the study of biomechanical mechanisms and the evaluation of postoperative clinical efficacy. (3) The clinical application of three-dimensional printed hallux valgus osteotomy guide plate and bone model can enable the patients with hallux valgus to get more accurate and personalized treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the surgery for flat feet is to correct the deformity, to restore the medial longitudinal arch and to improve the foot and ankle function. However, it is not sufficient to satisfy the need of individualized treatment, only referring to two-dimensional data and the surgeon’s experience, so over-correction or under-correction usually occurs. The development of digital technology in medicine has greatly promoted the progress in orthopedics, including three-dimensional reconstruction, three-dimensional printing, surgical simulation and surgical navigation. This technologies have been widely used in shoulder joint, elbow joint, hip joint, keen joint and spine in recent years, but studies on flat feet are relatively rare.OBJECTIVE: To review the application status of digital technology in flat feet. METHODS: Databases of WanFang, CNKI, VIP and PubMed databases between January 2000 and September 2018 were searched. The keywords were "flat feet, digital technology, three-dimensional, finite element" in Chinese and English, respectively. Totally 882 articles were retrieved, and finally 49 eligible articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:(1) The application of digital technology in flat feet mainly includes three-dimensional reconstruction, analyzing bone morphology, spatial position relationship and joint movement characteristics, establishing finite element model and stress analysis.(2) The three-dimensional flat feet model with high definition possesses obvious advantages in biomechanical research.(3) Digital guidance in flat feet osteotomy surgery is still rare and it is expected to improve the effect of flat feet surgery by referring to the research in some other orthopedic fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for new engineering talents training has challenged the traditional experimental teaching mode. How to speed up the innovation of engineering education has become an important part of the laboratory reform in universities. This paper, aiming at the existing problems of the traditional experimental teaching and laboratory management, analyzes the necessity of establishing the open engineering laboratory under the new situation, defines the basic principles of open laboratory management and guidance. From the establishment of information management system, introducing students to participate in practical activities, and improving the laboratory management policy three aspects, this paper describes the specific implementation measures and suggestions for construction of open laboratories. This mode not only fully mobilizes students’ initiative in practice and innovation, but also reduces the intensity of laboratory management, and explores a new way for training high-quality engineering talents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the existing problem about knowledge hierarchy fragmentation and alienation of theory from practice in the teaching process of electronic circuit CAD( computer aided design),an active experiment teaching method for electronic circuit CAD is proposed in this paper. Firstly,the teaching method is reformed in three aspects: short semester teaching cycle,laboratory teaching way and active teaching method. Secondly,the knowledge point is divided into four learning levels according to the degree of relevance between the knowledge point and the engineering application,the knowledge system is then optimized. Finally,the assessment method is enriched by incorporating multiple assessment elements. Through the demonstration teaching work in recent three years,the students’ subjective initiative,practical ability and comprehensive analysis and problem-solving ability have been greatly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Scarf osteotomy is an effective procedure for correcting the valgus of the flat foot, which is a three-dimensional orthopedic procedure. Whether the angle of the osteotomy will affect the orthopedic strength needs to be studied. OBJECTIVE: To simulate Scarf osteotomy at different angles in 3-matic software, and to analyze the effect of Scarf osteotomy angle on flat foot orthopedics. METHODS: Three-dimensional models of the flat foot on weight-bearing state were imported into 3-matic software to obtain the sketches of the frontal lateral and coronal rear foot. The relevant indexes of flat feet were measured as the flat feet indexes before operation. In the same model, the traditional Evans combined with medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy, as well as different angles of Scarf osteotomy, such as 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°, 105°, 120° were performed. After the osteotomy was completed, the flat foot-related indicators were measured again, and compared with those before the operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Simple bone surgery had little effect on the talus pitch angle and the talo-first metatarsal angle on lateral side. Evans operation had greater correction of fore foot abduction, while Scarf osteotomy had no significant effect on it. For the effect on the hind foot valgus, Scarf osteotomy showed greater effects than the traditional Evans combined with medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy. The contact area of the osteotomy was larger than that of the traditional one, and decreased gradually with the increase of the angle of Scarf osteotomy. In addition, this study found that perpendicular to the lateral wall of the opposite bone after osteotomy, along the perpendicular to the lateral wall of the external bone can play a part in the role of deepening the arch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to retain effective trajectory information and balance the dynamic correlation between effective trajectory information and global compression efficiency,the vehicle GPS trajectory spatiotemporal adaptive compression based on Douglas Peucker-particle swarm optimization(DP-PSO) algorithm was proposed by massive GPS trajectory data. According to the spatio-temporal characteristics of original trajectory,MDL segmentation framework was used to preliminarily segment the selected effective trajectory at the first stage. The number of segments representing the characteristics of original trajectory was obtained. At the second stage,the vehicle GPS trajectory spatiotemporal adaptive compression based on DP -PSO algorithm was established by influence factors,such as offset angle,perpendicular euclidean distance,trajectory segmentation and so on. All trajectories clustered into a class of trajectory with similar characteristics by dynamic adjusting for threshold parameters. An evaluation index that can fully reflect the spatial and temporal characteristics of the compression results was built. The global optimization and effective compression of all trajectories were realized. Finally,a vehicle GPS trajectory data selected can verify the reliability of the proposed algorithm. The results show that in the comparison of the classical TRACLUS algorithm, the new TCDP, RSF and Top-Down Time Ratio algorithm, the DPPSO not only retains more characteristic trajectory points,but also covers abundant trajectory information in the accuracy of trajectory compression. In terms of simplification,compared with other four algorithms, the average change variation of trajectory compression with the DP-PSO is reduced by 55. 823%, 45. 802%, 50. 815% and 32. 566% respectively. This improvement brings up advantages in complexity, compression accuracy and stability. The compression time is stable at 101 095 ms, improving the overall operation efficiency of trajectory compression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the effect of D-limonene on the NF-κB/IκB expression and serum TNF-α concentration in rats with alcohol-induced brain injury. Methods Sixty Wistar rats were divided into six groups, with ten rats in each group.The rat models of alcoholic brain damage were made in the drug groups 1, 2, 3 and model group, which were administered with 50% ethanol by gavage, daily, 8 mL/(kg· d) in the first two weeks, 12 mL/(kg· d) in the following four weeks. At the same time, the rats in the drug groups 1, 2 and 3 were respectively treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/(kg· d) D-lemonene by gavage. We did not make the animal model in the simple drug group and blank control group, but rats in the blank control group were treated with distilled water, and rats in the simple drug group were treated with 400 mg/( kg· d) D-limonene based on distilled water by gavage. After six weeks, the animals were all executed and the histology of brain was examined by HE staining and light microscope. The expression of NF-κB and I-κB in the brain tissues were tested by immunohistochemical method. In addition, the activity of TNF-α in brain was examined by a double antibody sandwich ELISA. Results The number of neurons in the model group was decreased, which showed irregular distribution, nuclear obviously contracted and deformed, and the morphology of brain tissues in the drug groups 1, 2 and 3 gradually reduced. Significant differences in the NF-κB positive cells and I-κB positive cells were found between the model group and the blank control group (all P<0.05). The NF-κB positive cells were decreased and the NF-κB positive cells were in-creased in the drug groups 1, 2 and 3 as compared with that of the model group (all P<0.05); and significant differences were found between group 3 and the drug groups 1 and 2 (all P<0.05).TNF-αexpression in rat brain homogenate of the model group was higher than that of the blank control group (P<0.05); the expression of TNF-α in rat brain homogenates of drug groups 1, 2 and 3 was decreased as compared with that of the model group (all P<0.05); and the drug group 3 was lower than the drug groups 1 and 2 (all P<0.05). Conclusion D-Limonene may alleviate the alcoholic brain injuries by down-regulating the expression of NF-κB and TNF-αand up-regulating the expression of I-κB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the existing problem in experiment teaching of principle of automatic control， optimization of experiment contents and reform of experiment modes are proposed in this paper. In the experiment content， scientific computing data，plotting simulation curves， and designing controllers or adjusters are achieved based on Matlab simulation. The control systems are constructed in the experiment， and their parameters are modified easily. Furthermore，the results of experiments can be obtained intuitively and rapidly. In the experiment mode， all the experiments are divided into three types of modes (basic theory mode， conclusion-verified mode， and project design mode. The teaching mode is carried out in the learner-centered by changing the roles of teachers， and we emphasis on the experiment principle，and pay attention to problems in the experiment teaching. We also attach importance to experiment process of students，follow students cognitive habits， and pay attention to practical ability of students. The teaching mode can obviously improve students ability in simulation and design. Meanwhile，it has a better practicability and a wider suitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]