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碳中和背景下，中美两国的竞合关系将显著影响全球气候行动。拜登政府上台后对内对外气候行动均锚定1.5 ℃目标，通过重返《巴黎协定》、召开领导人气候峰会等举措重新领导全球气候治理，重视气候投融资并多渠道寻求能源系统的多边合作。虽然应对气候变化有望成为中美目前极少数合作的亮点，但美国可能通过加强与传统盟友合作、酝酿碳边境调节机制等措施提高对中国气候行动的要价。中国可从加速制定“3060”双碳目标路线图、完善碳定价机制的国内行动，强调中美气候互利互信底线、拓展中欧气候合作深度的双边互动，以及加强南南合作、共建“绿色丝绸之路”的多边联动三方面行动加以应对。

随着ETFE(Ethylene Tetra Fluro Ethylene)膜材的成功研发,凭借其轻质、透光、隔热、抗腐、耐候、自洁等良好的性能而被广泛应用,大量的学者也对其开展研究。ETFE膜材为非织物类膜材,相比织物类膜材其单张膜的抗拉强度较低,常采用气枕的形式多张共同受力,并通过内压使其具有合适的刚度,由此产生的气枕式膜结构具有较好的力学性能和使用性能,逐渐得到广泛的发展并具有良好的前景。提炼出了ETFE气枕式膜结构相比于其它膜结构独有的可调节特性,在服役过程中通过内压改变对受力性能、透光率、隔热性能等的自动调节能力,并对ETFE气枕式膜结构的发展、性能、设计方法与施工技术进行研究与归纳,总结了国内外学者对ETFE气枕式膜结构的研究现状,对工程实践具有一定的指导意义。

以胜利褐煤为原料，通过浓硫酸一步炭化磺化法制备煤基固体酸催化剂，以油酸和甲醇的酯化反应评价催化剂的催化活性。采用单因素实验考察了固液比、磺化温度、磺化时间对催化活性的影响。采用红外光谱、元素分析、BET、SEM、XRD、热重分析等对煤基固体酸催化剂进行表征。结果表明，当磺化温度为110 ℃、磺化时间为90 min、固液比为1∶ 17时，煤基固体酸催化剂具有最优的催化活性，其催化油酸和甲醇的酯化反应的酯化率达到93.50%。煤基固体酸催化剂为具有较低石墨化程度的无定形碳结构，磺酸基已成功键合到了碳基载体上，同时具有丰富的含氧官能团，其表面呈现密集孔结构，且以介孔为主。煤基固体酸催化剂在低于140 ℃时具有较好的热稳定性，重复使用5次后，催化酯化率为57.21%。 Using Shengli lignite as raw material, coal based solid acid catalyst was prepared by one-step carbonization sulfonation of concentrated sulfuric acid. The catalytic activity of the catalyst was evaluated by esterification reaction of oleic acid and methanol.The effects of solid-liquid ratio, sulfonation temperature and sulfonation time on the catalytic activity were investigated.The coal based solid acid catalyst was characterized by IR, EA, BET, SEM, XRD and TG-DTG.The results showed that when the sulfonation temperature was 110 ℃, the sulfonation time was 90 min, and the solid-liquid ratio was 1∶ 17, the coal based solid acid catalyst had the best catalytic activity with the esterification rate reaching 93.50%.The catalyst was amorphous carbon structure with low graphitization degree. The sulfonic acid group was successfully bonded to the carbon-based support. The catalyst had abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, and its surface presented dense pore structure, which was mainly mesoporous. The catalyst had better thermal stability below 140 ℃. After repeated use for 5 times, the esterification rate was 57.21%.

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The experiment aimed to study the nutritional components of three unconventional feedstuffs (brewer's grains, Siraitia grosvenorii pulp, and pineapple peel) and their degradation characteristics in the buffalo's rumen. The experiment selected three healthy Murrah crossbred female buffaloes with permanent rumen fistulas and conducted in vivo tests using the nylon bag method. The results showed that the degradation rates of DM, CP, NDF, and ADF of the three unconventional feedstuffs gradually increased in the buffalo's rumen over time. The DM, NDF, and ADF ruminal degradation rates of pineapple peel were significantly higher than those of brewer's grains and Siraitia grosvenorii Pulp at various time points (P<0.05). Except for 12 h and 72 h, the CP degradation rate of pineapple peel at various time points was significantly higher than that of brewer's grains and Siraitia grosvenorii pulp (P<0.05), and the rapid degradation part of DM and CP of pineapple peel was significantly higher than brewer's grains and Siraitia grosvenorii pulp (P<0.05). The effective degradation rates of DM, NDF and ADF of the three roughages were ranked as pineapple peel > brewer's grains > Siraitia grosvenorii pulp. The study suggests that pineapple peel and brewer's grains have higher nutritional value and can serve as high-quality roughage for buffaloes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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软骨组织工程技术和 3D 打印技术的结合可构建精准支架, 有利于促进软骨组织工程在整形外科的发展。软骨组 织工程技术在鼻整形领域进展缓慢, 受支架材料、种子细胞接种种类和密度不确定性的影响, 组织工程软骨体外培养有较大差 异。在已发表的文献中, 该技术的研究主要集中在动物实验方面, 临床研究初步证明了组织工程软骨鼻再造术的安全性, 但有效 性仍有待继续探索, 距离广泛的临床应用还有一定距离。软骨组织工程技术蕴含的巨大的临床应用潜力, 有进一步研究的价值。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of cyclophenol combined with remifentanil in anesthesia for laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Methods A total of 100 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer admitted to 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force from August 2022 to July 2023 were randomly divided into two groups: the propofol combined with remifentanil group (50 cases) received propofol combined with remifentanil anesthesia, and the cyclopol combined with remifentanil group ( 50 cases) received cyclophenol combined with remifentanil anesthesia. The vital signs (respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood oxygen saturation) of the two groups of patients were observed. Anesthesia indicators (onset time of anesthesia, recovery time of spontaneous breathing, awakening time, time of leaving the room), anesthesia effect, and adverse reactions (Injection pain, hypotension, hypoxemia, respiratory depression, dizziness, drowsiness) were also observed. Results The interaction effect of respiratory rate between two groups, time points, and between groups/time points showed no statistically significant difference ( P > 0.05) ; The interaction between heart rate and blood oxygen saturation between two groups, time points, and between groups and time points showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in the respiratory rate between the two groups of T0 to T5. The heart rate of T1 and T2 in the combination of propofol and remifentanil group was higher than that in the combination of propofol and remifentanil group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in heart rate between the two groups at other times (P > 0.05). The blood oxygen saturation of T2 in the combination of propofol and remifentanil group was higher than that in the combination of propofol and remifentanil group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in blood oxygen saturation between the two groups at other times (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the onset time of anesthesia between the two groups (P > 0.05). The spontaneous breathing recovery time, awakening time, and departure time of the group treated with propofol combined with remifentanil were shorter than those of the group treated with propofol combined with remifentanil, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The total effective rate of the combination of propofol and remifentanil group was 96.00%, which was higher than the 84.00% of the combination of propofol and remifentanil group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the combination of propofol and remifentanil group was 10.00%, which was lower than the 28.00% in the combination of propofol and remifentanil group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The application of cyclophorol combined with remifentanil in anesthesia for laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer has a good effect, can stabilize the patient's intraoperative vital signs, improve anesthesia indicators, reduce adverse reactions, and can be promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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抑郁症是一种以显著而持久的心境低落、兴趣和愉快感缺乏以及精力减退为主要临床表现的心境障碍。 其中，负性自动思维是面对压力个人信息处理偏差的结果，通常会表现出各种各样的认知错误，同时也体现出对自 我、未来以及世界的消极想法，被认为在抑郁症的发病中占有重要地位。导致抑郁症负性自动思维的影响因素主要 包括神经生物学因素、环境因素、人格因素，其中神经生物学因素主要包括基因变异（小脑素1、合成营养因子β1）、 单胺类神经递质（多巴胺、5-羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素）改变、某些脑区（外侧眶额、颞叶皮层和前额叶）功能变化、脑结 构（海马区和海马旁回）改变、认知控制网络异常等，环境因素包括家庭因素和社会因素，人格因素主要指特定的人 格特质，如高能力紧张、低自我力量、低自我接纳、易于内疚、元情绪能力低等。对抑郁症负性自动思维的危险因素 进行总结归纳，可为进一步探究抑郁症的发病机制以及更好地评估和干预抑郁症提供依据。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the impact of research based learning（ RBL） teaching method on undergraduate research innovation ability. Methods A total of 212 undergraduate students were involved in this study. Among them, 104 undergraduate students participated in the traditional teaching method, and 108 undergraduate students participated in the RBL teaching method. After they finished the comprehensive experiment in medical immunology, we assessed the scientific innovation ability and the degree of satisfaction of teaching effectiveness. Results The undergraduate research and innovation capabilities of the RBL teaching group are higher than those of the traditional teaching group（P < 0.001） . The undergraduate students in the RBL teaching group have higher abilities in experimental design，experimental operation，report writing, result presentation， questioning and answering, as well as satisfaction with teaching effectiveness, compared to the traditional teaching group（P < 0.01）. Conclusion The RBL teaching method can significantly improve the scientific innovation ability of undergraduate students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gully erosion is one of the most important indicators of soil loss in the dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River. Serious land degradation has threatened regional agriculture and food security. It is of great significance for the quantitative evaluation of gully erosion and land protection. In this study, the erosion rate was determined from the morphology evolution and development of the gully. The research area was selected as the gully geomorphic watershed near Jinlei National Soil and Water Conservation Science and Technology Demonstration Zone in Yuanmou Dry-Hot Valley. 35 gullies were selected to extract the gully shape parameters from the remote sensing images of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Morphological characteristics were analyzed to calculate the gully erosion rate combined with high-resolution remote sensing images from 2015 to 2022. The results show that: 1) The straight length, curve length, top width, bottom width, depth, area and volume of gully in the study area were 25.21-180.43 m, 25.73-203.01 m, 10.76-51.76 m, 3.56-26.85 m, 1.22-11.92 m, 257.50-8987.88 m² and 142.64-19479.25 m³, respectively. There was a great variation in the morphological parameters of the gully. The length of the gully was less restricted by slope than other areas during development. 2) The ratio of length to top width of gully (L/TW) ranged from 1.35 to 6.38, with an average value of 2.78. There was no significant gully narrowness. The strong lateral erosion occurred at the same time as retrogressive erosion. The ratio of the bottom width to the top width of the gully (BW/TW) ranged from 0.24 to 0.59. The flushing channels were mainly in the "V" and "V-U" shape. The ratio of top width to depth of gully (TW/D) ranged from 2.56 to 26.29, with an average value of 6.04. The lateral erosion rate was much higher than that of the downward. There was a great difference in the cross section of the gully from gully head to mouth. The tortuosity index of gully (TI) ranged from 1 to 1.13, with an average value of 1.05. There was a small bending degree of the gully. 3) 54.29% of the 35 gullies experienced an increase in length, where the retrogressive erosion rate of the gully was 0.02-1.10 m/a (average 0.34 m/a). 77.14% of the gullies experienced an increase in width, where the lateral erosion rate ranged from 0.07 to 1.10m/a (average 0.36m/a). 80.56% of the gullies experienced an increase in area, and the growth rate of the gully area was 1.64 - 105.40m² /a (average 23.44m² /a). The optimal fitting was obtained for the power function of 35 gullies area and volume: V=0.058 4A 1.405, with R² =0.946 1. The volume of the gully was calculated to combine the gully area from the GF-2 remote sensing image. The volume erosion rate of the gully ranged from 1.26 to 339.42 m³ /a (average 51.21 m³ /a). Both the number and rate of lateral erosion gullies were greater than those of retrogressive erosion gullies. Lateral erosion greatly contributed to the growth of the gully area and volume. The findings can provide a strong reference for the development and evolution of large-scale gullies, in order to quantitatively evaluate the erosion in the Dry-Hot Valley of Jinsha River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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