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为了探索和建立生物催化在油脂副产品利用中的应用策略，将皱褶假丝酵母脂肪酶（CRL）固定在磁性壳聚糖（Fe3O4@CS）载体上制备磁性固定化脂肪酶（Fe3O4@CS-CRL）。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）对Fe3O4@CS-CRL进行了表征，测定了Fe3O4@CS-CRL的脂肪酶负载量、比活性及酶学稳定性,并将其用于催化水解大豆酸化油生产脂肪酸，通过单因素实验研究了催化反应条件对水解率的影响，考察了催化剂的重复使用性。结果表明：制备的Fe3O4@CS-CRL保留了Fe3O4的磁性晶型，呈球形颗粒状，饱和磁化强度为61.1 emu/g，脂肪酶负载量为5.53 mg/g，比活性为7.70 U/g；相比游离CRL，Fe3O4@CS-CRL具有较好的热稳定性、pH稳定性、有机溶剂稳定性及储存稳定性；Fe3O4@CS-CRL催化水解大豆酸化油生产脂肪酸最佳反应条件为反应温度40 ℃、水油比2∶ 1(PBS与大豆酸化油体积比)、催化剂用量15% (以大豆酸化油质量计)、反应时间36 h，在该条件下大豆酸化油的水解率达到84.93%；Fe3O4@CS-CRL经过5次重复使用后保持了61.4%的初始水解活性。综上，Fe3O4@CS-CRL在酸化油中进行催化反应拓宽了固定化CRL的应用范围，该催化反应体系是一种油脂精炼行业副产品的可持续高效利用方式，在代替传统高能耗工业反应中具有良好的前景。To explore and establish strategies for the application of biocatalysis in the utilization of oil by-products, Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was immobilized on magnetic chitosan (Fe3O4@CS) to prepare magnetic immobilized lipase (Fe3O4@CS-CRL). The Fe3O4 @ CS-CRL was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The lipase loading, specific activity and enzymatic stability of the Fe3O4@CS-CRL were determined. The Fe3O4@CS-CRL was used to catalyze the hydrolysis of acidified soybean oil to produce fatty acids, and the effect of the catalytic reaction conditions on the hydrolysis rate was studied through single factor experiment, and the reuse performance of the catalyst was investigated.The results showed that Fe3O4@CS-CRL retained the magnetic crystal form of Fe3O4, with spherical granule, saturation magnetization strength of 61.1 emu/g, lipase load of 5.53 mg/g, and specific activity of 7.70 U/g. Compared with free CRL, Fe3O4@CS-CRL had better thermal, pH, organic solvent and storage stability, and the optimal reaction conditions for the production of fatty acids from acidified soybean oil catalyzed by Fe3O4@CS-CRL were reaction temperature 40 ℃, water-oil volume ratio 2∶ 1(PBS to acidified soybean oil), enzyme dosage 15% (based on the mass of acidified soybean oil), and reaction time 36 h. Under the optimal conditions, the hydrolysis rate of acidified soybean oil reached 84.93%. In addition, the catalyst Fe3O4@CS-CRL maintained 61.4% of its initial activity after five times of reuse. In conclusion, the Fe3O4@CS-CRL catalytic reaction in acidified oil broadens the application range of immobilized CRL. The catalytic reaction system is a sustainable and efficient use of by-products of oil refining industry, and has a good prospect in replacing the traditional industrial reaction with high energy consumption.

BACKGROUND: It has been proved clinically that adhesion of fibrous scar with the dura mater or nerve root after lumbar operation is an important factor for postoperative symptoms, such as postoperative pain and numbness. OBJECTIVE: To verify the inhibitory effect of autologous ligamentum flavum on the formation of epidural fibrous scar after lumbar surgery and explore the possible molecular biological mechanism. METHODS: Forty-eight Japanese white rabbits (6-8 months old) were randomly divided into three groups: a ligamentum flavum preservation group, a ligamentum flavum non-preservation group, and an autologous fat reposition group. A lumbar laminectomy model was established in all the three groups of rabbits, and rabbit epidural tissues were collected at 3 and 6 weeks after modeling. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe histological changes and the number and density of fibroblasts, VG staining was used to observe the percentage of collagen fiber area, and immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of transforming growth factor β1 and Smad3 proteins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining results revealed that fibroblasts in the ligamentum flavum preservation group were few and loosely arranged, while the cells in the ligamentum flavum non-preservation and autologous fat reposition groups were more numerous and closely arranged. The number density of fibroblasts in the ligamentum flavum preservation group was lower than that in the ligamentum flavum non-preservation and autologous fat reposition groups at 3 and 6 weeks after surgery (P < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference between the latter two groups. VG staining results showed that the collagen fibers in the ligamentum flavum preservation group were sparse and distributed unevenly, while a lot of red collagen fibers were gathered in the ligamentum flavum non-preservation and autologous fat reposition groups. The area percentage of collagen fibers in the ligamentum flavum preservation group was lower than that in the ligamentum flavum non-preservation and autologous fat reposition groups at 3 and 6 weeks after surgery (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the latter two groups. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the degree of positive staining of retained histone the ligamentum flavum preservation group was significantly lower than that of the other two groups. The absorbance value of transforming growth factor β1 and Smad3 in the ligamentum flavum preservation group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups at 3 and 6 weeks after surgery (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the latter two groups. To conclude, there are different degrees of epidural fibrous scar formation after lumbar surgery. If the ligamentum flavum is preserved, it can help to reduce the number of epidural fibroblasts as well as the formation of collagen fibers, thus reducing the adhesion of the fibrous scar tissue to the dural sac and nerve root. The mechanism is not only a purely mechanical blockade, but also to reduce the formation of epidural fibrous scar by interfering with the transforming growth factor β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To analyze the medication rule and composition characteristics of national patent Chinese medicine compound for improving the immune function of tumor patients. Methods We obtained the patent data of Chinese medicine compound for improving the immune function of tumor patients from 1993 to 2022 by searching the patent database of the China National Intellectual Property Administration. Microsoft Excel 2016 was used to establish a prescription database and standardize the processing of data. IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0, Microsoft Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 were used for Apriori association rule analysis, drug frequency statistics and system clustering analysis. Results A total of 107 patents for Chinese medicine compound for improving the immune function of tumor patients was included, involving 339 Chinese medicines, with a total medication frequency of 994 times. Twenty-two high-frequency (frequency ≥ 9 times) Chinese herbal medicines were analyzed. The most frequently used Chinese herbal medicine is Astragali Radix. Systematic clustering analysis on high-frequency Chinese medicine was conducted, and the results are divided into six categories. After analyzing the association rules of Chinese medicine with a frequency of ≥ 2, we obtained high-frequency drug pairs such as "Astragali Radix- Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma" and "Astragali Radix- Angelicae Sinensis Radix". The combination of triplet medicinals with high confidence was "Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma- Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix", "Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma- Astragali Radix-Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma" and "Poria- Lycii Fructus- Angelicae Sinensis Radix", et al. The four properties are mainly cold, warm and calm, while the five flavors are mainly bitter, sweet and pungent. They mostly belong to the liver, spleen and kidney meridians. The most frequently used Chinese medicine are tonifying deficiency drugs and promoting blood circulation and resolving stasis drugs. Conclusion National patent Chinese medicine compound mainly improves the immune function of tumor patients by tonifying deficiency drugs and invigorating blood and resolving blood stasis drugs, which is in line with the pathogenesis characteristics of deficiency and blood stasis in traditional Chinese medicine. The treatment has the characteristic of treating both manifestation and root cause, and is in good agreement with the theoretical basis of traditional Chinese medicine in improving the immune function of tumor patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study aims to establish a novel hyperglycemic obesity mouse model by utilizing Triacsin C, an inhibitor of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1), combined with a high-fat diet, to simulate the changes in adipose tissue and cardiac function observed in patients with obesity-related type 2 diabetes. Methods Twenty adult SPF-grade male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups: the Control group (injected intraperitoneally with citric acid-sodium citrate buffer, Con group) and the TC group (injected intraperitoneally with Triacsin C, TC group). After four consecutive weeks of intraperitoneal injections, both groups were fed high-fat diets. Body weight and glucose tolerance of the mice were assessed every eight weeks. The models were considered successful if fasting blood glucose exceeded 8 mmol/L or blood glucose was above 15 mmol/L two hours after glucose injection. Cardiac function, including ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness (EDIVS), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and left ventricular short-axis fractional shortening (FS), was measured by echocardiography. HE staining was used to detect the changes in epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Immunofluorescence technology was used to analyze changes in CD31 and UCP1 in BAT. ACSL1 expression in myocardial tissue was tested by Western blotting. Results The fasting blood glucose levels were (8.14±1.43) mmol/L in the Con group and (8.18±0.85) mmol/L in the TC group (P>0.05), and the 2- hour postprandial blood glucose levels were (19.8±4.01) mmol/L in the Con group and (22.60±3.97) mmol/L in the TC group (P<0.05). This indicated that both groups of diabetic mouse models were successfully established. Compared to the Con group, the TC group showed poor glucose tolerance; significant decreases in LVEDD, LVEF and FS (P<0.05); significant increases in WAT and BAT areas (P<0.05); significant decreases in CD31 and UCP1 expression (P<0.05); and a significant decrease in the expression of ACSL1 in myocardial tissues (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with the high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes model, the new hyperglycemic obesity and cardiac dysfunction mouse model, created by the combination of Triacsin C and a high-fat diet, is feasible and allows for easier observation of brown adipose tissue whitening, insulin resistance and cardiac dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The earth surface system is the part of the earth system that is most closely related to human beings. The study of surface processes is becoming more and more important in earth system research. The innovative application of geophysics and geodesy to surface processes has gradually become a new interdisciplinary development direction. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) observation technology is widely used in the study of surface processes because of its characteristics of high accuracy, all-weather, large range and quasi-real-time. In this paper, the application of GNSS technology in the study of surface processes is briefly introduced from the aspects of long-term crustal deformation, coseismic and post-seismic deformation, atmospheric precipitable water, load response, magma and volcanic activity, landslide monitoring and reflection measurement, and then the future development is discussed. The advantages of GNSS in observation technology highlight the importance of GNSS in the earth surface processes research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is the main component of caveolin, which can participate in physiological processes such as endocytosis, lipid transport and signal transduction. In recent years, more and more studies have found that the ubiquitination modification of Cav-1 can not only affect the level of Cav-1 itself, but also cause conformational changes of interacting molecules by changing the protein structure, and then play various roles in different diseases. Cav-1 contains 12 lysine residues, of which 6 lysine residues in the N-terminal domain (5/26/30/39/47/57) are essential for the ubiquitination of Cav-1. The types and sites of ubiquitination of Cav-1 are different in diseases, and ubiquitination can be degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and lysosomal pathway. In this paper, we reviewed the relevant studies of Cav-1 ubiquitination in respiratory, digestive, neurological, endocrine, mammary reproduction and other systemic diseases, and found that Cav-1 ubiquitination mainly involves tumor, inflammation, metabolic diseases and other disease processes. By reviewing the role of Cav-1 ubiquitination in different disease models and cells, it is hoped to deepen the understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological significance of Cav-1 ubiquitination, and provide directions for possible future interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation from inflammation to cancer is a complex pathological process, in which the inflammatory state progresses to the formation of malignant tumors. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressively inflammatory and fibrosing disease, predominantly featuring acinar cell atrophy owing to the cellular damage and fibrosis of the pancreatic parenchyma. This review centers on elucidating how prolonged exposure to a chronic inflammatory environment prompts adaptive changes in acinar cells, which may ultimately lead to their conversion into cancerous cells. By delving into the pivotal role of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, this article investigates the multi-stage pathway of CP progression into pancreatic cancer, as well as the underlying molecular regulatory networks. We aim to light on the profound mechanisms of CP's inflammation-driven carcinogenic transformation, and thus provide a scientific foundation for devising innovative preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions targeted at mitigating or halting this lethal conversion process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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