Search

Copyright of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering is the property of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Science & Technology & Economy is the property of Grain Science & Technology & Economy Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has developed many behavioral dimensions. Because of the broad scope of OCB, the behavioral dimensions adopted and measured in empirical studies are different in their nature and targets. Neglecting the differences among OCB dimensions may results in problems or even mistakes in theoretical derivation, data analysis, and result explanation. This article uses behavioral targets to classify OCBs into six categories: OCB-T (aimed at tasks), OCB-P (aimed at peers), OCB-S (aimed at supervisors), OCB-O (aimed at organization), OCB-C (aimed at customers), and OCB-E (aimed at environment). Based on the differences in behavioral targets, employees would also have differences in their role definition, psychological motives, and degree of spontaneity when they perform OCBs. Researchers in organizational behavior and other academic disciplines have developed many citizenship behavior scales, including multi-dimensional general OCB scales, one-dimensional general OCB scales, and specific citizenship behavior scales. This article suggests that future OCB researchers consider the logical relationship between an OCB target and the occupation of an OCB actor to choose appropriate OCB dimensions and the corresponding measure in their studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Taking the reform of forestry workstation in Jiangxi Province as an example, this paper sorted out and compared the successive construction and development status of forestry workstation reform. It also summarized the problems faced by forestry workstations such as inadequate institutional implementation, unclear law enforcement management, poor organization and management system, and personnel reduction. This paper analyzed the opportunities and challenges existing in the current development of forestry workstations, and it put forward measures and suggestions such as clarifying the responsibilities of township forestry work, giving play to the role of the forest chief system, changing the source management mode, strengthening the construction of personnel, strengthening supervision and assessment, and strengthening the top-level design of forestry workstations, so as to provide ideas and methods for improving and improving the management level of grassroots forestry work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of NTU Management Review is the property of NTU Management Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency is the property of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Food metabolism is one of the basic processes of urban metabolism. Continuously growing urban population drives sharply increasing food demand with related impacts. Aimed at providing adequate information about dynamic process of urban food metabolism and related environmental footprint to identify measures for future diet optimization and impact reduction, this study systematically analyzed the dynamic characteristics of urban food metabolism on metabolic flux, structure and efficiency during 1978- 2015 based on a case study of Beijing. Life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was used to calculate water-carbon footprint caused by food consumption, and an eco-efficiency index E was constructed to evaluate the efficiency of food metabolism in Beijing. At last, this study explored several effective ways to optimize urban food metabolism. The results indicated that: 1) In 2015, the urban food metabolic flux was 881.4×104 t in Beijing, which increased 3.3 times compared with the one in 1978, while water footprint and carbon footprint increased 6.1 times and 4.4 times respectively. 2) The structure of both metabolic flux and environmental footprint presented the evolution characteristics of shifting from staple food as main food to non-staple food as main food and from plant-derived food dominated diet to diet with equal importance of plant- derived food and animal- derived food. 3) The over-consumption diets, especially high proportion of meat consumption, not only affected the health status of urban inhabitants in Beijing, but also pushed tempestuously per capita environmental footprint of urban inhabitants into a high level, resulting in the eco-efficiency’s decreasing from 1.27 to 0.32. 4) Alleviating the environmental footprint impacts of urban food metabolism should be based on the following aspects: optimizing the industrial supply chain; sparkplugging healthy diet habits and sustainable consumption patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]