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Tangney et al.'s (2004) Brief Self-Control Scale has been widely used in many languages, including Japanese. We developed and validated the Brief Self-Control Scale for Children (BSCS-C). Data came from 1,289 Japanese students in public elementary and junior high schools (691 boys and 598 girls; 633 students in grades 3-6 and 656 students in grades 7-8). Using a cross-validation procedure, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the one-factor structure of the BSCS-C. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses indicated configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the BSCS-C across gender and grade groups. Latent mean differences of the BSCS-C across the groups were small. The BSCS-C demonstrated the internal consistency, seven-month test-retest reliability, and correlations with conscientiousness, extraversion, and the number of behavioral problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite public concern regarding mobile device use and children’s self-regulation, there is little evidence on this topic in the literature. This study investigated whether smartphone and tablet use was associated with effortful control (EC) in early childhood. In Study 1 (N＝183; individuals with a firstborn aged 2–6 years), the Smartphone and Tablet Use Purpose Scale, the Smartphone and Tablet Use Situation Scale, and the Smartphone and Tablet Use Rule Scale were developed and validated. In Study 2 (N＝455; married couples with a firstborn aged 2–6 years), the common fate model showed that smartphone and tablet use rule, but not smartphone and tablet use frequency, smartphone and tablet use purpose, and smartphone and tablet use situation, was associated with higher EC, even after controlling for demographic variables. This was true for subgroup analysis based on the child’s age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]