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【Objective】The present paper aimed to analyze the relationship between maize rhizosphere soil and maize growth and development under different continuous cropping years, and discuss the effects of continuous cropping on the growth and development of maize and the physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil.【Method】The agronomic characters of maize, the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil and the enzyme activities of maize were measured in Xinglong Village, Shajing Town, Ganzhou District, Zhangye City, Gansu Province, respectively for 1, 5, 11, 25 and 50 years of continuous cropping. The variance analysis of the experimental data was carried out using SPSS22.0 software.【Result】Hydrolyzable nitrogen decreased first and then increased with the extension of continuous cropping years, and available phosphorus, available potassium and pH increased first and then decreased with the extension of continuous cropping years; The activities of S-SC, S-UE, S-AKP/ALP and S-CAT in the rhizosphere soil of maize under different continuous cropping years were significantly different, all of which increased first and then decreased with the extension of continuous cropping years; The effects of continuous cropping on the aboveground biological characteristics of maize were significantly different. Among them, the growth of maize in rotation for one year was relatively uniform, and the chlorophyll content was high. The photosynthesis of maize in continuous cropping for 11 years was the strongest, the root system was well developed, the hairy root was long, and the distribution was uniform on the main root; Soil available phosphorus, available potassium, weak alkaline soil, S-AKP/ALP and S-SC could promote the root development of maize.【Conclusion】Continuous cropping leads to the decline of corn agronomic traits, the loss of available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil, the enrichment of hydrolytic nitrogen, and the acidification of the soil. Soil available phosphorus, available potassium, weak alkaline soil, S-AKP/ALP and S-SC can promote the development of maize roots. The increase of hydrolytic nitrogen, soil urease （S-UE） and soil catalase （S-CAT） was not conducive to maize root development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]