Objective: To explore the relationship between preschool children’s anxiety and mother’s psychological flexibility and the moderating role of whether children are only children. Methods: Totally 387 mothers of preschool children aged 3-7 years were recruited, of which the only children accounted for 47.8%.A survey was conducted with the second version of the Acceptance and Action Scale (AAQ-Ⅱ) and the Spence Child Anxiety Scale (SC AS) .Results: The results of the group regression showed that the AAQ-Ⅱ scores were negatively correlated with total SCAS scores and 4 dimension scores of separation anxiety, fear of physical harm, social fear, and generalized anxiety in preschool only children (β=-0.27, -0.25, -0.18, -0.22, -0.34, Ps<0.05), and negatively correlated with total SCAS scores and 5 dimension scores of separation anxiety, fear of physical harm, social fear, obsessive-compulsive-impulsive disorder, and generalized anxiety in preschool non-only children (β=-0.45, -0.37, -0.37, -0.38, -0.33, -0.39, Ps<0.001) .The results of the moderated effects test showed that the regression coefficients of AAQ-Ⅱ scores and total SCAS scores in the only child and non-only child groups had statistical significance (P <0.05) .Conclusion: The lower the mother’s psychological flexibility, the higher the preschooler’s anxiety level, and preschool non-only children are more likely to be affected by the mother’s psychological flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]