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Face anti-spoofing is an integral part of securing face recognition systems. Most current face anti-spoofing methods employ deep convolutional neural networks, and although these systems can provide excellent detection performance, they often involve large number of parameters and computational complexity, which limits their application on resource-limited devices. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a lightweight face anti-spoofing method based on blueprint difference convolution and dual auxiliary supervision (BDC-DAL). This novel approach effectively reduces the parameters and computation of the model by combining a lightweight convolutional structure and blueprint difference convolutional design, while retaining the ability to capture complex fine-grained features. In addition, the introduced dual auxiliary supervision mechanism utilizes the reconstruction process of supervised signals to learn subtle spoof clues, which significantly improves the robustness of the model to unknown attack scenarios. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, this study conducts extensive tests on OULU-NPU and CelebA-Spoof, two recognized face anti-spoofing datasets. The test results are compared with those by performing the current mainstream deep learning face anti-spoofing algorithms and other lightweight network models. The experimental results show that the BDC-DAL method proposed in this paper dramatically reduces the model complexity, with the number of parameters reduced by nearly 90%; and the floating-point operations of the model reduced by about 10%. This shows that the BDC-DAL method successfully balances performance and resource consumption while achieving high efficiency and lightweight, providing a feasible solution for face recognition security in resource-constrained environments.(人脸活体检测是确保人脸识别系统安全不可或缺的一环。当前大多数人脸活体检测算法采用的是深度卷积神经网络，尽管其检测性能卓越，但往往涉及庞大的参数量和计算复杂度，限制了其应用。为克服这些挑战，提出了一种基于蓝图差分卷积和双重辅助监督的轻量级人脸活体检测算法（BDC-DAL）。通过将轻量化的卷积结构和蓝图差分卷积设计相结合，有效降低了模型的参数和计算量，同时保留了捕捉复杂细粒度特征的能力。此外，引入的双重辅助监督机制，利用监督信号重建过程学习细微的欺诈线索，显著提高了模型对未知攻击场景的鲁棒性。为验证算法的有效性，在CelebA-Spoof和OULU-NPU人脸活体检测数据集上进行了广泛测试，并与当前主流的深度学习人脸活体检测算法和其他轻量化网络模型进行了比较，实验结果显示，BDC-DAL算法大幅降低了模型复杂度，参数量减少了近90%，模型的浮点计算量也下降了约10%。BDC-DAL算法在实现高效性和轻量化的同时，成功平衡了性能与资源消耗，为在资源受限环境下的人脸识别提供了可行的解决方案。)

Excentrodendron tonkinense is a national second-class protected plant and also an endangered (EN) species. To facilitate the cultivation and propagation of E. tonkinense seedlings and mitigate the species' endangered status, this study utilized two-year-old E. tonkinense cutting seedlings as experimental subjects. Employing a two-factor experimental design approach, the study conducted fertilization experiments with different nitrogen-to-calcium ratios. The aim was to investigate the impacts of different nitrogen-to-calcium ratios on the growth and physiological traits of E. tonkinense seedlings species. The results were as follows: (1) There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth and physiological characteristics of E. tonkinense seedlings. T5 (N2Ca2) treatment exhibited the greatest enhancements in seedling height and ground diameter, suggesting that a fertilization regimen with medium nitrogen and medium calcium levels can promote the growth and development of E. tonkinense seedlings. (2) The intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), chlorophyll a (Chla), chlorophyll b (Chlb), total chlorophyll (Chl), and carotenoid (Car) contents of seedlings of E. tonkinense in T5 treatment were all the highest, indicating that the fertilization of calcium in medium nitrogen is beneficial for promoting the transport and accumulation of photosynthetic products in E. tonkinense seedlings and enhancing their photosynthesis. (3) The soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP) contents, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of E. tonkinense seedlings in T5 treatment were the highest, while the free proline (Pro) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of E. tonkinense seedlings in T8 treatment were the lowest. Through a comprehensive analysis of growth metrics, physiological indicators and subordination function, it can be inferred that T5 (N2Ca2) nitrogen and calcium synergistic treatment (with N and Ca dosages of 16 g·plant-1 and 24 g·plant-1, respectively) shows the best growth performance of E. tonkinense seedlings, making it the optimal fertilization combination for this study. This study provides a scientific foundation for the efficient cultivation and maintenance of E. tonkinense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of healthy farming, natural plants and their extracts are increasingly used as new feed additives. Artemisia argyi is a perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae family and the Artemisia genus. It is rich in nutrients such as protein, fat, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, and edible fiber. Additionally, Artemisia argyi contains volatile oils, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, which are biologically active compounds. Artemisia argyi products can be used as feed protein raw materials and additives, with mosquito repellent, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune regulation and other biological effects. They are a highly valuable plant material with broad application prospects in animal production. In this paper, the nutritional value of Artemisia argyi and its application in feed were reviewed, in order to provide reference for its use in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: As a common clinical digestive disorder, irritable bowel syndrome becomes an advantageous disease of acupuncture treatment. However, the therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. The methodological characteristics of omics coincide with the multi-target and multi-level characteristics of acupuncture, providing the possibility of revealing the principle of acupuncture in the treatment of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) and the effect of acupuncture at the combined points (selected based on etiologies and symptoms) on IBS-D based on proteomics. METHODS: Twelve 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, an IBS-D model group and an acupuncture group. The IBS-D rat models were prepared using the CAS method. After successful modeling, bilateral Zusanli points, bilateral Neiguan points and Guanyuan points were selected for acupuncture treatment in the acupuncture group, with a frequency of 120 times/minute, 1 minute of acupuncture every 4 minutes, and 15 minutes of needle retention, at an interval of 1 day every 6 days, for 28 days in total. Rats in the normal control group and the model group were not given any intervention. The pressure threshold of rat abdominal retraction reflex was measured to evaluate the visceral hypersensitivity of rats. Proteomics analysis was performed using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry -based platform. MaxQuant software, Perseus software and DAVID, KOBAS, VENNY, STRING online tools were used for the bioinformatics analysis of proteomic data. Visualization analysis was done using Cytoscape 3.7.1 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were 47 differentially expressed proteins between the IBS-D model and control groups. Function analysis of differentially expressed proteins revealed that the pathogenic mechanism of IBS-D was associated with abnormal energy metabolism, the imbalance of colon motor function and increased visceral sensitivity. Important proteins related to IBS-D pathogenesis included Atp5a1, Atp5c1, Idh3b, Atp2a3, Pdhb, Ppp1ca and Mapk3. Sixtyone differentially expressed proteins were identified between the acupuncture group and IBS-D model group. Acupuncture at the combined points reversed the up-regulation of nine differentially expressed proteins and the down-regulation of nine differentially expressed proteins. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that acupuncture at the combined points for IBS-D could function via multi-targets and multi-pathways, reverse the damage of energy metabolism caused by IBS-D, and play a role against oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby relieving pain and regulating the imbalance of intestinal function. Important proteins related to acupuncture effects included Atp5a1, Atp5c1, Pdhb, Sars, Uqcrc2, Prdx2, Prdx4, Ppp1ca, Manf and Tmsb4x3. All these findings preliminarily illustrate the potential molecular mechanisms of IBS-D and the effect of acupuncture at the combined points in the treatment of IBS-D at the protein level, which provide a basis for the clinical application of acupuncture at the combined points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development and application of the Internet, big data, and artificial intelligence, human society is demonstrating characteristics of intelligence, informatization, and datafication, and an increasing number of workers have been integrated into the "virtual world", becoming digital la- borers. The work patterns of digital labor manifest as flexible employment, gaming experiences, emo- tional labor, and other new forms, exhibiting characteristics such as virtuality, prosumption, fluidi- ty, and initiative. While digital laborers enjoy the conveniences of the era, realize their own value, and pursue personal development, they are also subjected to comprehensive and more covert exploita- tion from digital capital and digital platforms. Digital laborers are facing a crisis of subjectivity, and their social interactions and spiritual emotions are undergoing alienation. Based on the core concepts of Marx's human theory, such as "human essence", "human needs", "human value", and "human de- velopment", a concrete analysis of the development and alienation of digital labor is conducted. Ef- forts should be made to protect the rights and interests of digital laborers and promote their free and healthy development from the perspectives of the country, society, and platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Under the background of rural revitalization, agricultural university libraries serve the rural grassroots, and provide " agricultural science" and "agricultural culture" thematic knowledge services for users who participate in rural revitalization at multiple levels, including rural government public officials, rural entrepreneurs, technical service providers, returning migrant workers, farmers and other users. For this reason, the author constructs the "two line service" model of agricultural university library, analyzes the application process of this model in rural revitalization by case analysis, and puts forward the practical value and application mechanism of this model in rural revitalization, with a view to providing an implementable mode choice for agricultural university library to serve rural revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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TCP transcription factors are a type of plant-specific transcription factors, which have been implicated in multiple aspects of plant biological processes. To study the role of potato TCP transcription factors in response to low nitrogen fertilizer stress, here, four transcriptome libraries from potato roots and leaves under the conditions of low nitrogen fertilizer (0.05 mmol·L-1) and sufficient nitrogen fertilize r(7.5 mmol·L-1) were constructed for transcriptome sequencing, respectively. Meanwhile, the differentially expressed TCP transcription factor were analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 24 TCP transcription factors were identified in the four transcriptome libraries, and mainly distributed on the second, third and sixth chromosomes. (2) The analysis of domains showed that all of 24 transcription factors contained basic-Helix-Loop-Helix domain. (3) The phylogenetic analysis showed that the TCP proteins of potato and Arabidopsis thaliana were closely related, and clustered into 10 subgroups. (4) Transcriptome sequencing results showed that the expression levels of most potato TCP transcription factors were suppressed by low nitrogen fertilizer stress. Among them, three TCP transcription factors were significantly differentially expressed in roots, while five TCP transcription factors were specifically expressed in leaves. (5) According to the GO functional analysis and the relationship between the potato and the A. thaliana TCP transcription factors, it is predicted that these TCP transcription factors were involved in response of potato to low nitrogen fertilizer stress. The research provides a foundation for further study on the molecular role of transcription factors in response to low nitrogen fertilizer stress in potato and other crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Barringtonia racemosa is a typical semi-mangrove plant with important medicinal and ornamental values, but it has been listed as an endangered plant and needs urgent protection. In order to explore the effects of different flooding levels, flooding durations, and water salinity on the growth of B. racemosa, the best environmental combination suitable for the survival of B. racemosa was screened out. In this study, two-year-old B. racemosa seedlings were used as experimental materials to simulate all-day tides. The L9(34)orthogonal test design was used to analyze its growth and physiological indicators. The results were as follows:(1)The first group(the flooded water level was ground height, the flooded time was 4 h, and the water salinity was 4%), the fourth group(the flooded water level was height under branch, the flooded time was 4 h, the water salinity was 8%), and the sixth group(the flooded water level was height under branch, the flooded time was 12 h, and the water salinity was 4%)were most suitable for the growth of B. racemosa.(2)The MDA content in the leaves of plants in the fifth group(the flooded water level was height under branch, the flooded time was 8 h, and the water salinity was 12%)was the highest, while the POD, CAT activities and soluble sugar content also reached the highest, indicating that it could effectively resist adversity by activating the protective enzyme system and regulating osmotic substances.(3)The 7th-9th groups(the flooded water level was plant height)all showed dead plants, and the mortality rate was 33.33%, 8.33% and 25% respectively. Among them, the 9th group increased in plant height, ground diameter and number of leaves both were the least. All the above results indicate that B. racemosa exhibits better morphological adaptation and stronger resistance in environmental combinations where the flooded water level was less than height under branch, the flooded time was less than 12 h, and the water salinity was less than 12%. It grows under tidal water flooded environment with salinity, while the flooded water level and water salinity have a significant effect on the growth of B. racemosa, and the flooded time has no significant effect on the overall plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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NAC transcription factors are involved in many processes of plant development, which play an important role in stress response. The NAC transcription factor named PhNAC1(GenBank accession No. MF797909)was cloned from the leaves of Phalaenopsis using RT-PCR and RACE method. The full-length of PhNAC1 was 1 442 bp, which contained a 942 bp ORF that encoding a protein with 313 amino acids residues. The molecular weight of the putative protein was 35.22 kDa and the theoretical pI was 6.95, a hydrophilic and unstable protein. Prediction of secondary structure showed that the random coil and extended strand were the main structural elements of the protein, which conformed to the prediction of tertiary structure. Amino acid sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis between the protein of PhNAC1 and NACs from other Orchids showed that PhNAC1 was close to Phalaenopsis equestris(XP-020576379)with the sequence identity of 97%, followed by the Dendrobium catenatum(XP-020695081)with 84%. The qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the PhNAC1 gene was expressed in both of the vegetative and reproductive organs, and the expression level was the highest in the column. Under the cold stress of 11 ℃/6 ℃, the expression level of PhNAC1 gene was increased significantly with treatment time in leaves during the first five days, and then decreased at the 7th day. Under the cold stress of 4 ℃, the expression level was decreased slightly at 0.5 h, then recovered and remained to the initial level at 1 h after treatment, whereas the expression level was increased obviously after treating for 24、48 h, indicating that PhNAC1 may be involved in cold stress response of Phalaenopsis. This research will be useful for study of molecular mechanism of NAC transcription factor in cold stress response in Phalaenopsis species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】Cymbidium mosaic virus(CyMV) and Odntoglossum ringspot virus(ORSV) are the two main viruses which often infect Phalaenopsis severely and lead to huge economic losses to the industry. In presented paper, these two viruses were detected rapidly, which would provide a basis for breeding Phalaenopsis of resistance to both viruses of CyMV and ORSV. 【Method】The specific primers were designed based on CyMV coat protein(CP) gene and ORSV CP gene sequence which had been reported in NCBI, and antisense RNA technology was used in this study. 【Result】12 samples of Phalaenopsis by using designed specific primers were detected, and 25% of them contained the two viruses, and the cloning products were clear and no redundancy from the same PCR reaction. 125 bp fragment of CyMV CP gene and 164 bp fragment of ORSV CP gene from the leaf tissue of infected Phalaenopsis were obtained. The CP gene fragment of CyMV linked to the expression vector p CAMBIA1300 in 3'→5'orientation, and named p CAMBIA1300-CyMV which could obtain 125 bp fragment by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. The CP gene fragment of ORSV linked to the constructed vector p CAMBIA1300-CyMV in 3'→5'orientation, and designated p CAMBIA1300-CyMV-ORSV which could obtain 289 bp fragment by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. 【Conclusion】CyMV and ORSV by using the specific primers could be detected simultaneously in the same PCR reaction system, and the double-antisense expression vector containing two kinds of the virus CP genes was constructed successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)