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BACKGROUND: In addition to apoptosis, recent studies have discovered novel forms of programmed cell death in periprosthetic osteolysis, which is involved in regulating local chronic inflammation and the outcome of osteoblast and osteoclast under pathological conditions. This has an important value for the treatment and prognosis of periprosthetic osteolysis. OBJECTIVE: To provide new ideas and strategies for the prevention and treatment of periprosthetic osteolysis by summarizing studies on the novel forms of programmed cell death. METHODS: The first author used the computer to search the articles published from 2005 to 2022. Chinese search terms “wear particles, periprosthetic osteolysis, programmed cell death, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, necrotizing apoptosis, iron death” were used to search the databases of CNKI, WanFang and VIP. English search terms “osteolysis, wear debris, wear particles, peri*prosthetic osteolysis, PPOL, aseptic loosening, autophagy, regulated cell death, programmed cell death, apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagic cell death, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis” were used for search in PubMed and Web of Science databases. A total of 68 articles were finally included according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Inadequate or excessive activation of autophagy can cause cell death, inhibit bone formation, and promote bone resorption, leading to bone metabolism disorders and osteolysis. (2) Recent studies have paid close attention to pyroptosis in periprosthetic osteolysis, where the Nod-like receptor, pyrin containing 3 inflammasome plays an important role in local inflammation. Inhibiting pyroptosis can effectively alleviate osteolysis. (3) In vitro studies have shown that necroptosis can inhibit the formation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, affecting the process of osteolysis and destruction. (4) Ferroptosis is the newest form of programmed cell death, which is regulated by complex signaling pathways and mechanisms, but is not yet fully understood. (5) Autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis play important roles in the development of periprosthetic osteolysis, and their associated signaling pathways and genes require further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Engineering Science Research & Application is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Femoral neck fracture is a common fracture in the elderly. As one of the mainstream treatment methods, internal fixation is still needed to further pursue strong fixation and reduce the incidence of complications as much as possible. OBJECTIVE: To compare the short-term effectiveness of the femoral neck system and cannulated compressive screws for femoral neck fracture in elderly patients. METHODS: The clinical data of 35 elderly patients with femoral neck fractures who met the research criteria from April 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into the femoral neck system group (16 cases) and cannulated compressive screw group (19 cases) according to different treatment methods. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in gender, age, injured side, injury mode, fracture classification and other general data. The operation time, blood loss, postoperative hospitalization days, reduction quality, healing time, Harris score and postoperative complications of the two groups were recorded and compared. The curative effect was analyzed between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) 16 patients with femoral neck system were followed up for 8-25 months (mean 11.9 months), except for 1 case of internal fixation failure. 19 patients treated with cannulated compressive screws were followed up for 7-26 months (mean 16.3 months). (2) There was no significant difference between the two groups in operation time, blood loss, postoperative hospitalization days, reduction quality, healing time, last Harris score and postoperative complications. (3) The Harris score of the femoral neck system group was significantly better than that of cannulated compressive screw group 1 month after operation (P=0.039). (4) In the femoral neck system group, there was 1 case of internal fixation failure receiving total hip arthroplasty 2 months after operation and 1 case of femoral neck shortening. In the cannulated compressive screw group, there was 1 case of femoral neck shortening with the loosening of the screw. (5) It is indicated that in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in elderly patients, the femoral neck system and cannulated compressive screws have the advantages of being minimally invasive, rapid and easy to operate. In early rehabilitation, the femoral neck system has stronger fixation strength, allowing early weight-bearing and showing better hip joint function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Guangxi Normal University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Unmanned swarm test evaluation is an important bridge that promotes unmanned swarm technology from theory to practice. Compared with traditional combat systems, unmanned swarm systems have the characteristics of autonomous coordination, emergence of capabilities, and intelligent countermeasures. These have greatly exceeded the scope of traditional combat system test evaluation. In response to the abovementioned practical needs， this paper summarizes the groundbreaking work of advancing swarm test evaluation in the United States and China, and discusses the concept and development status of unmanned swarm test evaluation. Based on our previous research on aviation swarm operations, we also explore the main content and feasible technical route of unmanned swarm test evaluation, which will lay the foundation for the information upgrade and intelligent transformation of military equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm formation reconfiguration control with switching interaction topologies is investigated. The UAV swarm formation reconfiguration control law is designed based on the consensus theory. In order to make the UAV swarm form a specified formation configuration, the formation reference vector is introduced. The necessary and sufficient conditions for UAV swarm with switching interaction topologies achieving a predefined formation configuration are proposed. Under the condition that the interaction topologies are connected, the UAV swarm system is proved to be asymptotically stable based on the Lyapunov theory, and an approach to design the parameter matrix in the control protocol is proposed based on the algebraic Riccati equation. Numerically simulated results illustrate the efficiency of proposed control protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An optimization method for spatial configuration of aircraft swarm based on self-adaptive Tent chaos search grey wolf optimizer is proposed for the optimal spatial configuration of aircraft swarm in the coordinated attack of fighters and unmanned aerial vehicles. A mathematical model of cooperative attack zone of air-to-air missiles is established, and a calculating method for cooperative attack zone under the condition of any aircraft swarm spatial configuration is proposed. The self-adaptive Tent chaos search is applied in grey wolf optimizer to improve the performance of the algorithm, thus avoiding the local optimum and the slow search speed. The size of cooperative attack zone is taken as the target function, and the spatial configuration of aircraft swarm is optimized by using the improved algorithm. The simulated results show that the improved algorithm can be used quickly to obtain the optimal spatial configuration with the largest cooperative attack zone and the minimal threat, and the cooperative attack zone of aircraft swarm is significantly larger than the sum of single aircraft attack zone under the optimal spatial configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Engineering Mechanics / Gongcheng Lixue is the property of Engineering Mechanics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)