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To determine the optimal extraction process for polysaccharides from the stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis. Single factor stepwise optimization experiment and response surface analysis were used to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from Scutellaria baicalensis stem and leaves using microwave assisted hot water extraction, with the polysaccharide content in the extraction solution as the indicator. The optimal extraction conditions for Scutellaria baicalensis stem and leaf polysaccharides obtained from the single factor stepwise optimization experiment were as follows: microwave pre-treatment time of 5 minutes, microwave pretreatment power of 800 W, solid-liquid ratio of 1:35 (g/mL), water extraction time of 4 hours, and water extraction temperature of 100 ℃. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of Scutellaria baicalensis stem and leaf polysaccharides was 17.39%. The optimal extraction conditions for polysaccharides from Scutellaria baicalensis stem and leaves obtained through response surface analysis optimization are: microwave pretreatment time of 312 seconds, microwave pre-treatment power of 800 W, solid-liquid ratio of 1:34 (g/mL), water extraction time of 244 minutes, and water extraction temperature of 100 ℃ . Under these conditions, the extraction rate of polysaccharides from Scutellaria baicalensis stem and leaves is 17.49%. The optimized extraction process of poly-saccharides from Scutellaria baicalensis stems and leaves is simple, reasonable, and feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

提出了一种新型的方钢管混凝土柱与外包U形钢-混凝土组合梁连接节点形式——外伸内隔板钢筋截断式节点。基于"强柱弱梁,节点更强"的抗震设计原则,设计3个试件,并对其进行低周反复荷载试验研究,分析节点的破坏特征,考察节点区的剪切变形,深入研究节点的滞回曲线和骨架曲线,进而研究节点的承载能力、延性、耗能能力、刚度退化等抗震性能。研究结果表明:各试件的破坏主要集中在靠近柱壁的梁端区域,而钢管柱和节点区的变形和应力很小,基本处于弹性阶段;由于梁内混凝土及翼板的组合作用,各节点的滞回曲线呈不对称的纺锤形,无明显捏缩现象,比较饱满,耗能性能良好;各节点试件的位移延性系数和等效粘滞阻尼系数明显大于普通钢筋混凝土结构的相应指标;在整个加载过程中,刚度退化稳定。

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A large number of data show that the prevalence rate of alcoholic liver injury (ALI) is increasing year by year, and it has become one of the main causes of death due to chronic liver diseases such as liver cancer and liver cirrhosis. Quitting drinking is the main method for the prevention of ALI in modern medicine, and the main treatment methods include Western medicine with antioxidant and anti－fibrotic effects and nutritional support. However, Western medicine tends to have an unsatisfactory treatment effect and can only alleviate initial symptoms, and severe ALI still requires surgical treatment. Studies have shown that the monomers extracted from natural drugs and foods have obvious preventive and therapeutic effects on ALI, with high safety and easy access. Therefore, this article systematically summarizes the main natural drug and food monomers used for the prevention and treatment of ALI and proposes the idea of the combination of drug and food for the prevention and treatment of ALI from the perspective of paying attention to the whole process of health, in order to explore more effective prevention, health care, and treatment methods and provide ideas for research on the prevention and control of ALI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Taiwan Law Review is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Taiwanese Journal of Agricultural Chemistry & Food Science is the property of Agricultural Chemical Society of Taiwan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

利用有限元分析方法研究了平面圆管桁架受压腹杆平面内计算长度的主要影响参数以及计算长度随各参数的变化规律。研究结果表明:影响圆管桁架受压腹杆平面内计算长度的主要因素为受压腹杆与弦杆的直径比、壁厚比以及弦杆直径与壁厚的比值,并且随着上述各参数的增大,受压腹杆平面内计算长度系数均呈增大的趋势。最后,根据几十种不同影响参数的有限元计算结果,提出了可供工程应用的圆管桁架受压腹杆平面内计算长度系数的建议值。

BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation affects the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In vitro studies have shown that neural stem cells have antiinflammatory effect, but whether they can be anti-inflammatory in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse, and the mechanism and optimal transplantation route are still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of neural stem cell transplantation in different ways on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model G93A-SOD1 mice. METHODS: Neural stem cells were isolated and identified, transfected with green fluorescent protein. Totally 78 G93A-SOD1 mice aged 70 days were divided into lateral ventricle group, tail vein group, and control group. After adaptive feeding, 5×105 green fluorescent protein-transfected neural stem cells were transplanted into the lateral ventricle, and 1×106 green fluorescent protein-transfected neural stem cells were injected through the tail vein at the age of 84 days. From the age of 85 days, modified Wrathall motor score and rotation test were performed every week to evaluate motor function. Onset time, disease duration and survival time were recorded. At the age of 105 days, immunofluorescence method was conducted to detect survival, migration and differentiation of neural stem cells transfected with green fluorescent protein. The number of motor neurons was measured by Nissl staining. The expression of ChAT was detected by western blot assay. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of NeuN in spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons. The protein and mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6 and transforming growth factor beta in cerebrospinal fluid were detected by ELISA and RT-PCT. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of iNOS, CD206 and NF-κB pathway proteins in the spinal cord. The pathological changes of gastrocnemius muscle were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The extracted neural stem cells grew and differentiated well and could be transfected by green fluorescent protein. (2) The lateral ventricle pathway was more favorable for neural stem cells to enter the central nervous system in the super-early stage after the onset of disease, and decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, increased the level of tumor necrosis factor-β, reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and increased the expression level of CD206, inhibited the activation of NF-κB pathway, slowed down the progression of motor function damage, and reduced the degree of pathological damage of skeletal muscle. (3) In the super-early stage after the onset of the disease, the effects of two ways of transplanting neural stem cells to protect the anterior horn motor neurons and prolong the course of disease and survival time of mice were limited. (4) Results show that in the super early stage after the onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the lateral ventricle may be a better way of transplanting neural stem cells, which has a good anti-inflammatory effect. The mechanism may be regulating the polarization direction of microglia and inhibiting the activation of NF-κB pathway. BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation affects the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In vitro studies have shown that neural stem cells have antiinflammatory effect, but whether they can be anti-inflammatory in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse, and the mechanism and optimal transplantation route are still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of neural stem cell transplantation in different ways on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model G93A-SOD1 mice. METHODS: Neural stem cells were isolated and identified, transfected with green fluorescent protein. Totally 78 G93A-SOD1 mice aged 70 days were divided into lateral ventricle group, tail vein group, and control group. After adaptive feeding, 5×105 green fluorescent protein-transfected neural stem cells were transplanted into the lateral ventricle, and 1×106 green fluorescent protein-transfected neural stem cells were injected through the tail vein at the age of 84 days. From the age of 85 days, modified Wrathall motor score and rotation test were performed every week to evaluate motor function. Onset time, disease duration and survival time were recorded. At the age of 105 days, immunofluorescence method was conducted to detect survival, migration and differentiation of neural stem cells transfected with green fluorescent protein. The number of motor neurons was measured by Nissl staining. The expression of ChAT was detected by western blot assay. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of NeuN in spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons. The protein and mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6 and transforming growth factor beta in cerebrospinal fluid were detected by ELISA and RT-PCT. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of iNOS, CD206 and NF-κB pathway proteins in the spinal cord. The pathological changes of gastrocnemius muscle were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The extracted neural stem cells grew and differentiated well and could be transfected by green fluorescent protein. (2) The lateral ventricle pathway was more favorable for neural stem cells to enter the central nervous system in the super-early stage after the onset of disease, and decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, increased the level of tumor necrosis factor-β, reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and increased the expression level of CD206, inhibited the activation of NF-κB pathway, slowed down the progression of motor function damage, and reduced the degree of pathological damage of skeletal muscle. (3) In the super-early stage after the onset of the disease, the effects of two ways of transplanting neural stem cells to protect the anterior horn motor neurons and prolong the course of disease and survival time of mice were limited. (4) Results show that in the super early stage after the onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the lateral ventricle may be a better way of transplanting neural stem cells, which has a good anti-inflammatory effect. The mechanism may be regulating the polarization direction of microglia and inhibiting the activation of NF-κB pathway. Key words: neural stem cell; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; inflammation; transplantation pathway; microglia; NF-κB pathway; motor neuron; inflammatory cytokine [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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随着空间结构的发展,铸造工艺的提高,铸钢节点在我国得到了日益广泛的应用。本文介绍了铸钢节点的应用概况,研 究了该类型节点的特性、分类以及铸造工艺、并对铸钢节点的设计提出几点注意事项,同时还介绍了铸铜节点的试验概 况。

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Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Animal Science is the property of Chinese Society of Animal Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)