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Objective　To explore the application effect of TBL combined with PBL in the cultivation of scientific research ability of undergraduate nursing students. Methods　Convenience sampling method was adopted to select nursing undergraduates from Kunming Medical University who had internship in a third-class hospital in Kunming City from July 2020 to May 2021 as the research objects. They were divided into experimental group （ n = 35） and control group （ n = 35） by random number table method. The experimental group recieved the scientific research training of TBL combined with PBL on the basis of routine clinical practice arrangement， the control group recieved routine clinical practice arrangement. The research ability and innovation efficiency of the two groups of nursing students before and after intervention and the score of the graduation thesis after intervention were compared. Results　After intervention， the total score of scientific research ability and other 6 dimensions of nursing students in experimental group were higher than those in control group，and the total score of innovation efficiency， scores of each dimension and graduation thesis scores were higher than those in control group， with statistical significance （P < 0.05） . Conclusion　TBL combined with PBL can effectively improve the scientific research ability and innovation efficiency of undergraduate nursing students，and provide practical guidance for nursing educators to cultivate the scientific research and innovation ability of nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various production and living activities have posed a great impact on the natural environment in the era of ecological civilization. It is necessary to consider how to implement nature restoration and protect while taking from it. Most studies and state-of-art technologies have been developed for resourceful recycling of agricultural wastes, with emphasis on the modern biotechnology and engineering to enhance microbial reduction. This recycling allows for the timely replenishment of nutrients that consumed by the plant production, while reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and fossil fuels. We need to bring ecological balance back. This change of concept fully reflects the evolution of human civilization, where the construction of ecological civilization is highly demanding. Correspondingly, the agricultural engineering discipline is directly related to agricultural ecology and environment, thereby also needs to raise the height of understanding in theory. The scientific ethical concept of harmonious coexistence can be emphasized between human and water, soil, green and resources utilization. A discipline standard can also be recognized as the protection of natural environment and the maintenance of ecological balance. Therefore, the main purpose of agricultural engineering discipline has been changed to promote the harmonious coexistence between human and nature. Chinese cultural factors are also precisely integrating to one of the most important part of agricultural engineering. Consequently, the discipline of agricultural engineering should develop the agricultural production and economy under the premise of respecting and maintaining the natural environment. At the same time, the agricultural development needs to focus on some factors between human and nature, such as agroecology and agricultural culture. The research focus of agricultural development can be extended from a single element of survival to three elements of production, life and ecology. As such, the agricultural engineering discipline in the era of ecological civilization is facing new opportunities and challenges. In this study, a new connotation of agricultural engineering discipline was proposed according to the new ideas and requirements of ecological civilization, including the research objects, theoretical systems, and research of agricultural engineering disciplines. Specifically, the object of study in the discipline of agricultural engineering can be taken the ecosystem, consisting of human and agricultural resources, production and consumption in the era of ecological civilization. It has expanded from agricultural biological systems to agricultural ecosystems. The theoretical system has incorporated the concepts of ecological civilization and agricultural culture. The scientific research has been supplemented to strengthen the cutting-edge fields, such as system science, numerical simulation, big data, and cloud computing. The agricultural engineer in the era of ecological civilization is no longer simply a designer or producer of agricultural machinery and equipment, or a developer of agricultural energy, or a manager of agricultural water and soil. In essence, a modern agricultural engineer has become a farm planner to manage the various risks encountered in agricultural production, particularly integrating agricultural equipment, environment, resources, culture, and production factors. In addition, a future direction was addressed for the construction of agricultural engineering discipline using some examples from the international exploration and application. The results demonstrated that the needs of social progress was met in the development concept of the new connotation of agricultural engineering discipline in the era of ecological civilization. The finding can provide a promising scientific reference to further enrich the theoretical system of agricultural engineering disciplines, while a potential technical support to the ethical form of agricultural culture for sustained social prosperity. Consequently, the agricultural engineering discipline can be expected to become a scientific driving force for the advance of harmonious coexistence, virtuous cycle, and comprehensive development of human, nature and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the correlation and clinical significance of the expression of HBV epicardial large protein (HBV-LP) and HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV-DNA) levels in patients with hepatitis B virus. Methods: 148 patients with hepatitis B virus who were treated in our hospital from January 2016 to June 2018, according to the different serum markers of hepatitis B, the patients were divided into A group with 18 cases, B group with 52 cases, C group with 41 cases and D group with 37 cases. According to different HBV-DNA loads, the patients were divided into negative group with 70 cases, low load group with 21 cases, moderate load group with 35 cases and high load group with 22 cases. The positive rate and levels of HBV-LP and HBV-DNA in different HBV serum markers were detected.The HBV-LP levels and liver function indexes of different HBV-DNA loads were compared, and their correlation was analyzed. Results: The positive rate and levels of HBV-LP and HBV-DNA in C group and D group were higher than that in A group and B group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rate and levels of HBV-LP and HBV-DNA between A group and B group, C group and D group(P>0.05). The levels of aspartic aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and HBV-LP in the negative group, the low load group, the moderate load group and the high load group all showed a tendency to increase gradually, and there was a significant difference between the groups (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between serum HBV-LP and pair value of HBV-DNA load, ALT and AST in patients with hepatitis B viral (P<0.05). Conclusion: Serum HBV-LP in patients with hepatitis B viral can reflect the replication of HBV, and it is closely related to liver function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of carbon budget and carbon compensation zoning is of great significance in formulating strategies to adapt to the low-carbon development of each region, promoting synergistic management of regional ecological environment, and realizing high-quality develop‐ ment. This paper takes 56 municipal units in the Yellow River Basin as the study area, and by constructing a conceptual structure of carbon income and expenditure as well as carbon compensation zoning of the cities in the basin, it studies the spatio-temporal differentiation law of carbon income and expenditure as well as carbon compensation zoning of the urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin by using methods such as the centralization index and the location-con‐ strained multivariate spatial clustering, and then it provides constructive theoretical solutions for the low-carbon development strategy in the process of urbanization. The study shows that: (1) the cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020 are characterized by obvious geographical differentiation of carbon expenditure and revenue, specifically, the carbon expenditure and revenue centralization index of the study area fluctuates up and down around the warning line of 0. 4, and the overall curve shows an obvious fluctuating upward trend. (2) The spatial and temporal variation of carbon income and expenditure among cities in the Yellow River Basin is remarkable, and the data show that carbon emissions in the Yellow River Basin show a structure of "low in the west and high in the east and central parts of the country", with the high-value centres in Gansu, Shaanxi and Shandong provinces in 2000, and then the number of high-value areas of carbon emissions has increased year by year, while at the same time, the absorptive capacity of carbon sinks in each city is roughly equal. (3) Based on the framework of carbon offset zoning, the study area is divided into five types of carbon offset spatial optimization zones, and suggestions are made for green and low-carbon development planning in different types of zones. (4) In the future, the study will refine the spatial scale of the study area, explore the balance of carbon budget and carbon compensation of smaller units, and strive to explore the optimization of the green and low-carbon development mode of small areas, so that the energy conservation and emission reduction and green development of small areas can lead the cities in the region to achieve the dual-carbon goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 对150例糖尿病足感染患者细菌分布及药敏反应特点进行分析。方法 选取糖尿病足伤口感染患者150例,采集患者感染部位溃疡分泌物,用全自动微生物分析仪对致病菌菌种进行鉴定与药敏试验。结果 150份标本共培养出细菌147株,革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌和真菌分别占61.90%、31.29%和6.80%。其中革兰阳性菌中占比最高的为金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和溶血葡萄球菌,三种菌株对万古霉素的耐药率为0。革兰阴性菌中占比最高的为奇异变形菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌,奇异变形菌对头孢他啶的耐药率最低,为20.00%;肺炎克雷伯菌对美罗培南和亚胺培南的耐药率最低,均为9.09%;铜绿假单胞菌对美罗培南、亚胺培南和头孢他啶的耐药率最低,均为25.00%。真菌中占比最高的为白假丝酵母和近平滑假丝酵母,白假丝酵母对两性霉素的耐药率为0,近平滑假丝酵母对氟康唑、伊曲康唑和两性霉素的耐药率均为0。结论 糖尿病足感染患者致病菌主要为革兰阳性菌,其次为革兰阴性菌,真菌比例较低;不同致病菌的敏感抗菌药物不同。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 探讨超重或肥胖对男性生育力的影响。方法 选择行育前查体男性209例,按照《中国成人超重和肥胖症预防和控制指南》将其分为BMI≥18.5~<24 kg/m2者76例、BMI≥24~<28 kg/m2者84例、BMI≥28~<32 kg/m2者32例、BMI≥32 kg/m2者17例;按照国际糖尿病联盟制定的男性中心性肥胖标准将其分为腰围(WC)<90 cm者88例、WC≥90 cm者121例;按照WHO制定的男性中心性肥胖标准将其分为腰臀比(WHR)<0.9者101例、WHR≥0.9者108例,采用手淫法留取精液,分别检测精子体积、精子总数、精子浓度、精子活力,以及正常形态精子率、DNA结构完整精子率、精液白细胞浓度。结果 与BMI≥18.5~<24 kg/m2者、BMI≥24~<28kg/m2者、BMI≥28~<32 kg/m2者比较,BMI≥32 kg/m2者精液体积、精子总数、正常形态精子率、DNA结构完整精子率均明显降低,精液白细胞浓度明显升高(P均<0.05);与WC <90 cm者比较,WC≥90 cm者精液体积、DNA结构完整精子率明显降低,精液白细胞浓度明显升高(P均<0.05);与WHR <0.9者比较,WHR≥0.9者精液体积明显降低,精液白细胞浓度明显升高(P均<0.05)。相关分析发现,BMI、WC、WHR与精液体积均呈负相关关系(P均<0.05),与精液白细胞浓度均呈正相关关系(P均<0.05),与精子总数、精子浓度、精子活力及正常形态精子率、DNA结构完整精子率均无明显相关性(P均> 0.05)。结论 超重或肥胖可引起精液体积下降、精液白细胞浓度升高,当达到重度肥胖时,可导致男性生育力下降。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistical analyses were done to explore the reproductive, fattening and carcass performances of Chuangzang specific dam line Black Swine. The result showed that: its little size and live little size were relatively high, the Primiparous litter size of 0 - 4 generations were all over 10, its pluriparous litter size was over 12, the primiparous and pluriparous little size of the forth generation were respectively 11. 19 and 12. 37, the primiparous and pluriparous little size gradually increased with breeding generations. Daily gain, feed conversion, the day to 75 kg body weight, and live backfat of F01 were respectively 432. 25 g, 3. 43 ,209. 87 days and 23. 02 mm, which respectively in creased by 5. 39 %, 5 .7 % , 7. 21 % and 11. 26 % compared with 0 generations. The lean meat percent of F01 was 43. 69 % to the fifth generations, which increased by 1. 54 percentage points. Its hog had excellent pork quality, it's intramuscular fat was 4. 77 % , and pH, LF, OPTO, tenderness and other indicators were within the range of excellence, and it's an ideal dam breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的：比较两种玻璃化冷冻试剂在小鼠卵裂期及囊胚期胚胎冻存中的应用效果。方法4～6周龄雌性白小鼠20只，2月龄同品系雄鼠10只。雌鼠超数排卵后处死取卵母细胞，雄鼠处死取精子，制作小鼠胚胎模型。将小鼠胚胎分为A、B组，A组卵裂期胚胎122个、囊胚期胚胎69个，B组分别为119、86个。 A、B组分别按加藤玻璃化冷冻试剂及捷鹰玻璃化冷冻试剂说明中的操作方法进行玻璃化冷冻。观察并记录解冻后胚胎存活及发育情况。结果 A、B组卵裂期胚胎解冻后存活率分别为98．36％（120／122）、94．96％（113／119），继续发育至囊胚的比例分别为80．00％（96／120）、74．34％（84／113），两组相比，P均＞0．05。 A、B组囊胚期胚胎解冻后存活率分别为92．75％（64／69）、95．35％（82／86），发育为孵化囊胚的比例分别为82．81％（53／64）、85．37％（70／82），两组相比，P均＞0．05。结论　加藤、捷鹰玻璃化冷冻试剂均可有效保存小鼠卵裂期及囊胚期胚胎，胚胎解冻后存活率和继续发育能力均较高。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the predictive value of cervical-brain arterial stiffness in functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 226 patients admitted to our hospital for acute ischemic stroke from November 2016 to November 2018. The patients were divided into good prognosis groups based on the mRS score 3 months after discharge (mRS score ≤ 2 points, 153 cases) and poor prognosis group (mRS score> 2 points, 73 cases). Ultrasound transcranial Doppler blood flow analyzer was used to measure the carotid-cerebral pulse wave velocity (ccPWV) of patients, and the differences in stroke risk factors, clinical data and stroke types were compared between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used for influential factors on patients prognosis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of ccPWV for poor prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. Results The age, the proportion of risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, smoking and coronary heart disease), the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and ccPWV were lower in poor prognosis group than those at admission. In the poor prognosis group, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). The area under the ROC curve of ccPWV predicting the prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke was 0.881, the best cutoff value was 6.79 m/s, the sensitivity was 83.84%, and the specificity was 76.69%. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the NIHSS score was ≥6 points (OR=6.588, 95%CI: 2.197-15.342), ccPWV≥6.79 m/s (OR=2.638, 95%CI: 1.367-5.647), hypertension (OR=2.146, 95%CI: 1.079-3.254), diabetes (OR=2.014, 95%CI: 1.403-5.341), coronary heart disease (OR=5.349, 95%CI: 3.246-18.298), and age≥70 years (OR=2.341, 95%CI: 1.579-6.241) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Conclusion ccPWV≥6.79 m/s indicates poor prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the clinical value of bevacizumab combined with cisplatin in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods 68 patients with malignant pleural effusion of lung adenocarcinoma admitted to our hospital from August 2015 to August 2017 were included in the study and divided into study group and control group according to computer table method. The control group was given cisplatin, and the study group was given cisplatin and bevacizumab. Then the short- term effects were compared in the two groups after 1 week of treatment. The results of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） measurement and adverse reactions in the pleural effusion after 4 weeks of treatment were observed. Results The total effective rate （85.29%） in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group （61.76%） . There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was 23.53% （2 cases of I° myelosuppression， 6 cases） of gastrointestinal reaction，）， 32.35% in the control group （3 cases of I° myelosuppression， 8 cases of digestive tract reaction）；the VEGF level of the study group decreased significantly after treatment， and there was no statistically significant change in the control group. Conclusion Bevacizumab combined with cisplatin infusion for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion of lung adenocarcinoma is effective, which can effectively improve the short- term efficacy of patients. In addition, pleural VEGF may also be used as a curative effect ofmalignant pleural effusion of lung adenocarcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To determine the characteristics of Tibetan patients with orthodontic treatment in Shangri-la of Diqing prefecture, and provide scientific evidence for dentists. Methods 249 Tibetan orthodontic patients （90 males and 136 females） between the ages of 12-20 were selected in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People’s Hospital. By analyzing and evaluating case data, information on gender, age, oral health status, bad habits, Angle’s classification, clinical presentation classification, and reasons for seeking treatment were organized and recorded. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software. Results The results showed that among the Tibetan orthodontic patients who sought treatment, females aged 11 to 18 were the majority. The highest occurrence of dental caries was observed in oral health. Mouth breathing was the most common bad habit. Angle’s Class I malocclusion was the most common, while Class III was the least common. The most common clinical presentations were crowded teeth, deep overbite, and deep overjet. The main reasons for seeking treatment were aesthetic requirements and parental demands. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females （P > 0.05）. Conclusions There was a certain characteristic in Tibetan patients with orthodontic treatment in Shangri-la of Diqin prefecture. Dentists can take this as scientific evidence to obtain better therapeutic effects, in addition, it is necessary to increase the intensity of oral health publicity and education and input of medical resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 It is of great interest to understand the mechanism underlying breast milk quality for immune disease research. 【Method】 The expression changes of let-7a and let-7f miRNAs were analyzed in porcine milk exosomes across the entire lactation period (newborn to 28 days after birth) by quantitative real-time PCR. 【Result】 let-7a and let-7f were more abundant in the early lactation period (0 and 3 days) than in the later lactation period (7, 14, 21 and 28 days), and were expressed at higher levels in Meishan pigs compared with Yorkshire pigs throughout the entire lactation period. 【Conclusion】 This study is a preludetoin-depth investigations of the essential roles of breast milk exosome-packaged m iRNAs in the development of the infant's immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: CgkX-CM is the catalytic module of κ-carrageenase CgkX from Pseudoalteromonas sp. QY203. The purpose of this study was to construct and screen several recombinant expression strains followed by the optimization of the fermentation to get a high yield of CgkX-CM. Methods: A variety of expression vectors were constructed and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). These strains were induced by IPTG to screen the most efficient strain. Initial pH, induction temperature, concentration of IPTG, culture volume and concentration of glycine were optimized. Results: Five recombinant expression vectors were constructed and screened, and E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET22b-CgkX-CM exhibited the highest enzymatic activity, which was 7.4-11.6 times of other strains. The optimal fermentation conditions of this strain were conformed as follows: initial pH of 7.5, induction temperature of 20°C, concentration of IPTG of 0.1 mmol·L-1, culture volume of 75 mL and concentration of glycine of 1 g·L-1. The optimized enzyme production was 7.3-fold compared to the initial condition and reached 42.6 U/mL. Conclusion: The production of CgkX-CM reached 42.6 U/mL through recombinant expression vectors construction and fermentation optimization. CgkX-CM could be used for the structure-function relationship study of κ-carrageenase CgkX and κ-carrageenan oligosaccharide preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted to compare the thiamine content in longissimus dorsi muscle of Chuanzang black pigs and DLY pigs with different stages (90, 110 and 130 kg). The results showed that the thiamine content were 1. 77,2. 16 and 2. 83 μg/g in longissimus dorsi muscle of Chuanzang black pig at 90,110 and 130 kg, while the thiamine content were 1.29, 1.63 and 1.94 μg/g of DLY. We also found that the thiamine levels were significantly higher in Chuanzang black pigs than those in DLY pigs at 90, 110 and 130 kg (P90kg < 0.05, P130kg <0.05). Correlation analysis showed that thiamine levels were highly correlated with weight (P < 0. 01). These differences in levels of the thiamine may also have indications for meat quality. Our study revealed the deposition law of thiamine in longissimus dorsi muscle at different developmental stages of the two pig breeds. This study also provides data for further study on the pork flavor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effect of superficial intravenous in dwelling needle for infectious patients in the infectious department. Methods From March 2016 to September 2016，we selected 120 cases of patients admitted in a third rate of infectious disease specialist hospital， including contagious liver disease，tuberculosis，AIDS，as the research object. The selected patients were randomly divided into experimental group（n= 60）andcontrol group（n= 60），all patients were given venous blood collection and transfusion therapy. Patients in thenormal control group received blood and disposable intravenous fluids steel needle puncture， while patients in the experimental group were treated with venous indwelling needle for blood and biopsy. The operation effect was statistically compared between two groups. Results The total blood collection and transfusion operating time， puncture times in the experimental group were significantly fewer than those in the control group（P<0.05）. The incidence of hemolysis in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P<0.05）.Conclusion The intravenous indwelling needle has good effect for infectious patients in the infectious department， and is worthy of promotion in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]