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气流分离设备的结构参数直接影响其内部流场分布,研究核桃壳仁混合物料气流分离关键机构分离腔结构参数(厚度、长度、进料口下部分离腔长度)与沉降箱结构参数(宽度、内部挡料板长度、壳入口处挡料板位置)对其内部流场的影响，由优选关键机构组建壳仁分离系统并进行流场分析考察其适应性，与课题组研制的壳仁分离系统进行对照，以验证壳仁分离关键机构流场分析在分离系统设计中的可行性。结果表明，分离腔厚度对壳仁分离腔流场分布影响较为明显，沉降箱挡料板长度和位置对核桃壳能否快速流向出壳口有较大影响。关键机构优选参数为：分离腔厚度90 mm，长度1 200 mm，进料口下部分离腔长度300 mm；沉降箱宽度450 mm，2个平行于沉降箱下部对应斜侧板的长挡料板长度满足末端折弯处外侧面与出壳口左右两侧邻近壁面同面，壳入口处挡料板位置贴近沉降箱壳入口。在优选机构参数下组建的壳仁分离系统适宜各等级壳仁分离，且采用流场模拟分析法在壳仁分离关键机构以及分离系统设计中是可行的，同时可以有效缩短设备研发周期、降低设备制作成本。The structural parameters of the airflow separation equipment directly affect the internal flow field distribution. The influences of the structural parameters of the key mechanism separation chamber (thickness, length, length of the lower part of the feed inlet) and deposition chamber (width, length of the internal retaining plate and the position of the retaining plate at the shell inlet) on the internal flow field of the airflow separation of walnut shell kernel mixture were investigated. The shell kernel separation system was formed by the preferred key mechanism and the flow field analysis was performed to examine its suitability,and the feasibility of the flow field analysis of the shell kernel separation key mechanism in the design of the separation system was verified by comparing with the shell kernel separation system developed by the group. The results showed that the thickness of the separation chamber had a significant effect on the flow field distribution of the shell kernel separation chamber, and the length and position of the deposition chamber retaining plate had a great influence on whether the walnut shells could flow quickly to the shell outlet. The preferred parameters of the key mechanism were obtained as follows: the thickness of the separation chamber 90 mm, the length 1 200 mm, the length of the lower part of the feed inlet from the chamber 300 mm, the width of the deposition chamber 450 mm, the length of the two long retaining plates parallel to the corresponding inclined side plate at the lower part of the deposition chamber met the requirement of the same surface of the outer side of the end bending and the adjacent wall on the left and right sides of the shell outlet, and the position of the retaining plate at the shell inlet close to the shell inlet of the deposition chamber. The shell kernel separation system formed under the preferred mechanism parameters was suitable for shell kernel separation of all grades, and the flow field simulation analysis method was feasible in the design of key mechanism and separation system for shell kernel separation, and it could effectively shorten the equipment development cycle and reduce the equipment production cost.

研究核桃破壳壳仁分离加工成套设备壳仁混合物料气流分离系统运行参数对壳仁分离效果的影响，为实际生产中成套设备气流分离系统调节与运行参数选择提供依据。以仁中含壳率和壳中含仁率为指标，在单因素试验的基础上，通过正交试验确定核桃壳仁混合物料气流分离系统的运行参数。结果表明：调节阀开度对壳仁分离效果影响最显著，卸风板开度影响次之、喂料速度影响最小。核桃壳仁混合物料气流分离最优运行参数为：调节阀开度1/2、1/4、1/8壳仁30°，1/16壳仁15°，两组分心木15°；卸风板开度1/2壳仁30°，1/4、1/8、1/16壳仁15°～30°，两组分心木30°～45°；喂料速度1/2、1/4、1/8、1/16壳仁分别为6、2、1、0.35 kg/min。在最优运行参数下，1/2、1/4、1/8、1/16壳仁的仁中含壳率分别为2.26%、1.07%、3.61%、5.57%，壳中含仁率分别为0.88%、054%、3.92%、6.85%。实际生产中建议整套设备原果核桃加工生产能力控制在600 kg/h以内。 The influence of operation parameters of the airflow separation system in the complete equipment of walnut broken and shell kernel separation on the separation effect of walnut shell and kernel was studied, so as to provide basis for the adjustment and selection of operating parameters of the airflow separation system of the complete equipment in practical production. With shell content in kernel and kernel content in shell as indexes, on the basis of single factor experiment, the operation parameters were determined by orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the angle of regulating valve had the most significant influence on the shell kernel separation effect, followed by the angle of air discharge plate and the feeding speed. The optimal operation parameters were abtained as follows: the angle of regulating valve 30° for 1/2,1/4 and 1/8 shell kernel, 15° for 1/16 shell kernel, and 15°for two groups of diaphragm; angle of air discharge plate 30 ℃ for 1/2 shell kernel, 15°-30°for 1/4,1/8 and 1/16 shell kernel, and 30°-45°for two groups of diaphragm; feeding speed 6,2,1,0.35 kg/min for 1/2,1/4,1/8 and 1/16 shell kernel respectively. Under the optimal operation parameters, the shell contents in kernel of 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 and 1/16 shell kernel were 226%, 1.07%,3.61% and 557% respectively, and the kernel contents in shell were 0.88%, 0.54%, 3.92% and 6.85% respectively. In actual production, it was suggested that the productivity of raw walnut processed by the whole set of equipment should be controlled within 600 kg/h.

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