Sinomanglietia glauca, a species with scientific value to reveal magnoliaceae evolution and the origin of angiosperms, distributing discretely in Jiangxi and Hunan provinces, is catalogued as a rare and endangered plant and wild plant species with extremely small populations. The current endangered causes of S. glauca were systematically reviewed in light of its bioecological characteristics and regeneration mechanisms. The results were as follows:(1) As an ancient relic, history environmental change, the bottleneck effect, high frequency selfing and genetic drift, all could result in a decline in genetic diversity and poor adaptability for S. glauca.(2) “Forest-Gap” guerrilla regeneration model was an important way for this species surviving, due to its light- and nutrient-demanding characteristics, and exclusion stress from interspecific competition in community. However, this model was interrupted by insufficient forest gaps and lower seed dispersal efficiency, less chance to guerrilla.(3)Bamboo expansion and overgrowth seriously reduced S. glauca flowering and fruiting, and interfered seedlings recruitment. Anyhow, the main causes of threats to this resource are selfing genetic recession, interspecific competition exclusion, insufficient effective forest gaps. The information of endangered mechanism and protection ecology is still very weak, the following are hoped to be strengthened in the future: the phylogeography and community system development of S. glauca at the molecular-level, how environment factors affect the growth and development of S. glauca and its responses, “Forest-Gap” regeneration mechanism and seed long-distance dispersal, conservation technology by community adjustment, genetic rejuvenation and reintroduction. The review can provide theoretical guidance for S. glauca and other rare and endangered plants with similar bioecological characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]