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Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the emergence and continuous development of Geographic Information Systems, Geographic Information Science proposed in the nineties of last century has gradually become an emerging discipline between Geography, Information Science, Surveying and Mapping. Adhering to the basic judgment that Geographic Information Science is still an open knowledge system, this paper starts from the basic discipline characteristics of Geography and Information Science, the superior disciplines of Geographic Information Science, focuses on its basic and scientific attributes, and discusses the basic discipline paradigm for the further development of Geographic Information Science, so as to provide a potential development path for the continuous improvement of the knowledge system of Geographic Information Science and the strengthening of the scientific, basic and systematic nature of Geographic Information Science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University is the property of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University is the property of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Aiming at the problems that current address matching relies heavily on word segmentation dictionary and cannot effectively recognize address elements in addresses and their types, a Chinese address parsing method based on deep learning is proposed. Methods: The model combining robustly optimized bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT） transformers pretraining approach (RoBERTa), bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), and conditional random field (CRF) is used to parse Chinese addresses. Firstly, the RoBERT a model is used to obtain the word vector representation of the address. Secondly, BiLSTM is used to learn the address model features and contextual in⁃ formation. Finally, CRF is used to construct the constraint relations between the labels. Results: Through the comparison and evaluation of different word vector representations of addresses and different sequence labeling models, the proposed method in this study achieves the maximum value of 0.940 on the generalization ability test dataset, and the precision, recall rate, and F1⁃score of the corresponding test dataset reach 0.962, 0.974, and 0.968.Conclusions：The method proposed in this paper does not need to extract the ad⁃ dress model features, nor does it rely on word segmentation dictionary for address segmentation. Address elements are recognized by learning address context information and address model features. The model generalization ability test dataset used in this study can effectively test whether the model is overfitted. There is little difference between bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) and BiLSTM for Chinese ad⁃ dress resolution, and the sparse attention mechanism helps to improve the accuracy of address resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Remote Sensing & Science Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: In disaster emergency services, the spatial-temporal distribution maps of geographic entities, thematic information statistical mapping, etc. have become important auxiliary decision-making Methods:. In the face of unpredictable, complex and changing situations of disaster prevention and reduction, disaster emergency mapping services require rapid response, real-time updates to comprehensively and dynamically reflect the information of all aspects of emergency and disaster reduction work. Methods: In order to fully meet the content and efficiency requirements of emergency disaster reduction work, we proposed an adaptive mapping method for disaster emergency services. First, based on the comprehensive analysis of the mapping requirements, map content and operation experience of the disaster emergency scene, we proposed a user-oriented adaptive mapping strategies, and described its specific mapping content in detail, including regional scale, mapping template, dynamic symbol and real-time data. Then, according to the characteristics of the disaster scene and adaptive mapping, the overall technical process was designed. The key technologies such as cartographic knowledge expression, construction of mapping templates, production engine of symbols, situational symbol plotting, order-based mapping mode and personal mapping space were also analyzed in depth to form a complete adaptive mapping solution for disaster emergency. Results: We used six types of disasters such as earthquake, fire, flood, building collapse, geological disaster and traffic accident as application examples. Conclusions: By analyzing previous excellent disaster maps and summering the mapping variables and the relationship between the variables, we used the proposed adaptive mapping technologies to extract 300 kinds of disaster mapping knowledge rules, 200 sets of disaster mapping templates and 100 kinds of dynamic mapping symbols, and build a disaster emergency adaptive rapid mapping platform to provide technical reference for disaster emergency services from the theoretical and practical levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University is the property of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University is the property of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University is the property of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University is the property of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Problems of poor cartographical quality and feature conflict exist in the traditional CIS data-centered cartography. In this paper，we designed PostScript-based high resolution symbol library for high-quality cartography， in which the common graphical descripting mechanism in PostScript imaging model is applied to describe the map symbols and cartographical data structure. There are two major phases in our method： first，to store the map symbols and map graphics using PostScript path structures and to establish the symbol library； and second，to transfer the PostScript-described symbols to be cartography-oriented ones. Crucial issues of our method are discussed in perspectives of map symbol structure，mapping process and feature conflict. Application shows that our method practically improved efficiency and quality of digital map publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University is the property of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For the purpose of solving the arrangement and representation problems in multivariate web mapping, firstly, the research status of the visualization and mapping methods for multivariate web data are analyzed, after that, the demand and characteristics of multi-variate mapping data for the web environment are investigated, and then the arrangement of the multi-variate web mapping data and the visualization strategy is discussed in detail. Based on the previous research, a multi-variate web mapping method using Mashups is introduced from aspects of theory, strategy and technology. A prototype system designed for multi-variate web mapping was developed, and the prototype system was applied to related Resource-3 satellite image mapping programs, the successful implementation of the method shows that it can improve mapping efficiency and the representation effect in multi-variate web mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]