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BACKGROUND: Modification of food consistency and volume is a commonly used method of swallowing compensation in clinical practice. Dry swallowing is a commonly used method of evaluation. The hyoid muscles are very important in swallowing. The effects of dry swallowing and swallowing tasks of different consistencies and volumes on hyoid muscle activation levels are still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of simple dry swallowing and swallowing tasks of different consistencies and volumes on the hyoid muscles in healthy adults. METHODS: A total of 44 healthy adults were included from April to August 2019, including 19 males and 25 females, with an average age of (21.7±2.8) years. They randomly performed dry swallowing and swallowing tasks of different consistencies (the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) frame levels 0-4) and volumes (5, 10, 20 mL), and the surface electromyogram signals of the hyoid muscles during each swallowing task were recorded. After processing the raw surface electromyogram signals, the activation levels of the hyoid muscles were compared between dry swallowing and swallowing tasks of different consistency and volume. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mean amplitude values of the suprahyoid muscles corresponding to swallowing tasks of 20 mL for levels 0-4, 10 mL for level 3, and 5 mL for level 4 were higher than those of dry swallowing (P < 0.05). The mean amplitude values of the suprahyoid muscles corresponding to the 20-mL swallowing tasks of different consistencies were higher than those of the 5-mL swallowing tasks of the corresponding consistencies, except for level 3 (P < 0.05). The mean amplitude values of the suprahyoid muscles corresponding to the 20-mL swallowing tasks of different consistencies were higher than those of the 10-mL swallowing tasks of the corresponding consistencies, except for levels 2 and 3 (P < 0.05). The mean amplitude values of the infrahyoid muscles corresponding to all swallowing tasks were higher than that of dry swallowing (P < 0.05). The mean amplitude values of the infrahyoid muscles corresponding to the 20-mL swallowing tasks of different consistencies were higher than that of the 5- and 10-mL swallowing tasks of the corresponding consistencies (P < 0.05). The mean amplitude values of the infrahyoid muscles corresponding to the 10-mL swallowing tasks of different consistencies were higher than those of the 5-mL swallowing tasks of the corresponding consistencies, except for level 3 (P < 0.05). To conclude, in healthy adults performing swallowing tasks of different volumes and consistencies, the level of activation of the hyoid muscles is less susceptible to IDDSI frame levels 0-4 consistency and more susceptible to volume. The higher volume indicates the higher activation level of the hyoid muscles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Guangdong University of Technology is the property of Journal of Guangdong University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lubrication Engineering (0254-0150) is the property of Editorial Office of LUBRICATION ENGINEERING and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Standard Design is the property of Railway Standard Design Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Li+ adsorption and separation from low concentration solution by lithium-ion sieve has become one of the most promising methods due to the high selectivity, adsorption capacity and adsorption rate towards lithium ion (Li+). However, the industrial application of lithium manganese oxide ion-sieve is limited due to its difficult recovery, high Mn dissolution loss rate and poor circulation performance. In this paper, the spinel-structure chromium-iron composite doped lithium-ion sieves were prepared by high-temperature solid state reaction method using LiOH·H2O, MnO2, Fe2O3, and Cr2O3 as raw materials. The effects of Cr doping amounts and calcination temperature on the phase structure, adsorption performance, and Mn dissolution loss rate of the lithium-ion sieve precursors were investigated. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of the synthesized lithium-ion sieve could reach 27.30 mg/g and the Mn dissolution loss rate was only 0.43% when the molar ratio of Li, Mn, Fe and Cr was 1∶2∶0.05∶0.05 and the calcination temperature was 550 °C. The selection adsorption experiments showed that the lithium-ion sieve presents excellent selection performance for Li+. Furthermore, the recycling performance of chromium-iron doped lithium-ion sieve showed that the adsorption capacity could still remain 89% of the second cycle (18.51 mg/g) after five cycles, which is greater than 56% of the undoped lithium-ion sieve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Hainan Medical University is the property of Journal of Hainan Medical College Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Medicine Edition) is the property of Jilin University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate the effects of early ART on the frequencies and phenotypes of double-negative(DN)T cells in acute HIV-infected individuals(AHIs). Methods: AHIs who received early ART were enrolled and the frequencies and phenotypes of DN T cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results: The frequencies of DN T cells were significantly lower in AHIs compared with healthy controls (HCs). Early ART failed to fully restore the frequencies of DN T cells. Moreover, the activation of DN T cell subsets, Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cells in AHIs were significantly increased and negatively associated with CD4+ T cell counts at baseline. Although early ART could normalize the activation of Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cells, Vδ1/2neg T cell activation was still higher in AHIs than that in HCs, which was negatively associated with CD4+ T cell counts after early ART. Conclusion: The changes in the frequencies and phenotypes of DN T cells are associated with HIV disease progression and CD4+ T cell recovery after early ART. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Control Theory & Applications / Kongzhi Lilun Yu Yinyong is the property of Editorial Department of Control Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Control Theory & Applications / Kongzhi Lilun Yu Yinyong is the property of Editorial Department of Control Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

目的: 探究奥美拉唑联合阿莫西林治疗胃炎并胃溃疡效果. 方法: 选取我院2021年3月~2023年4月期间 收治的168例患者为研究对象, 使用数字随机分组法将患者分为2组, 对照组和实验组患者各84例, 对照组使用奥美拉 唑进行治疗, 实验组使用奥美拉唑联合阿莫西林进行治疗, 比较相关蛋白酶水平、不良反应、症候积分和治疗效果. 结果: 两组不良反应发生率明显差异(P > 0.05). 实验组相关蛋白酶水平和症候积分改善效果优于对照组, 治疗总 有效率高于对照组, 比较结果差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05). 结论: 对于胃炎并胃溃疡患者的治疗药物选择, 奥美 拉唑联合阿莫西林用药效果更理想, 该方法能够改善相关蛋白酶水平和症候积分以及治疗效果, 同时不会增加不良反 应风险, 值得进-步推广应用. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Urban Architecture & Development is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the feasibility of ganglioside GD2 as a marker for lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs). Methods Cancer stem cells (CSCs) of lung cancer cell lines were enriched by spheroid culturing in vitro; The expression of stemness-related genes and GD3 synthase (GD3S) in LCSCs were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot; The expression of GD2 and other stemness phenotypes in lung cancer cell line A549 were detected by flow cytometry; Cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 assay; Cell invasion and migration in vitro were examined by Transwell and wound healing assays; The oncogenicity of different subpopulations in cell line A549 was compared with tumor xenograft model. Results CSCs of A549 cell were successfully enriched by and the percentage of GD2+ cells was 0.57% in adherent cell, but the percentage of GD2+ cells was able to increase to 20.4% after spheroid culturing. In comparison with GD2- A549 cells, GD2+ A549 cells showed significantly enhanced cell proliferation (P＜0.05),invasion (P＜0.05) and migration ability (P＜0.01) in vitro. There was a close association between GD2 and two other LCSCs phenotypes, and the expression level of GD2 was positively correlated with the expression of CD44 (P＜0.01) and EpCAM (P＜0.001). The results in vivo indicated that tumors formed by GD2+ A549 cells grew faster (P＜0.001) and were more malignant (P＜0.01) as compared to GD2- A549 cells. Conclusions Ganglioside GD2 is a potential marker for LCSCs to identify cancer stem cells, providing a novel strategy of GD2-targeted lung cancer immunothearapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Information & Control is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Potato Journal is the property of Northeast Agricultural University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Drugs for treating kidney diseases can be quickly eliminated in the body, and it is difficult to reach the kidney in sufficient quantity. Moreover, there are systemic side effects, repeated attacks and other problems. Nanoparticles have attracted more and more attention in targeted drug delivery. At present, there are more and more researches focusing on its influencing factors and potential mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: To sum up the influencing factors and potential mechanisms of nanoparticle renal targeting. METHODS: The related research on nanoparticle kidney-targeted drug delivery system was searched on PubMed and CNKI databases by computer. The English search terms were “Nanoparticles, kidney target” and the Chinese search terms were “kidney target”. The retrieval time was from June 2016 to June 2021. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Nanoparticles with negative charge, high aspect ratio, strong water solubility, high flexibility, high density, certain dose, intravenous administration route, bionic functional simulation, surface modified aptamer antibody and other fragments are all factors that increase the targeted accumulation of kidney. (2) Factors affecting passive targeting, such as size and charge, are related to the mechanical barrier and charge barrier of kidney itself. (3) The factors affecting active targeting are related to the connection of nanoparticles with aptamers, antibody fragments and peptides. The potential mechanism is that these polymers combine with specific receptors on renal tubules to achieve the purpose of active targeting. (4) The potential mechanisms of factors affecting the half-life of nanoparticles in renal targeted circulation include: nanoparticles entering the body can realize the escape of endosomes/lysosomes. The compact folded structure of nanoparticles exposes less enzymes/proteins, isolates the liver, and reduces the chance of forming protein halo. Strong water solubility can be conjugated or absorbed to the surface of nanoparticles to form corona and provide spatial stability. The filamentous nanoparticles with stronger flexibility are aligned with the fluid, and the flexible tail escapes the contact of macrophages and is attracted by hydrodynamic shear force, thus escaping internalization. Higher density nanoparticles circulate more slowly, resulting in slower kidney clearance. Intravenous administration and serine modification can increase the targeted accumulation of nanoparticles in kidney. (5) Although there have been preliminary studies on the imaging diagnosis of non-tumor kidney diseases, acute kidney injury, renal fibrosis, polycystic kidney, glomerulonephritis, and nephrotic syndrome, they are still in the stage of animal experiment, and there are still great challenges in applying these results to clinical practice in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Teacher Education Research is the property of Teacher Education Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Functional Polymers is the property of Journal of Functional Polymers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science & Technology is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Applied Chemical Industry is the property of Shaanxi Research Design Insitute of Petroleum & Chemical Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The inventory-routing problem of refined oil secondary distribution was studied, considering the factors consist of stochastic demand, multi-vehicle and multi-compartment. In order to minimize the total cost such as distribution cost and the penalty cost for violation of time windows, a mixed integer programming model was established. A two-stage heuristic algorithm was designed. In the first stage, the replenishment quantity and time windows were determined according to the initial inventory, probability distribution of sales and so on. In the second stage, the distribution routes and each vehicle were obtained by the genetic algorithm and C-W algorithm. Numerical experiments and results comparison of single-stage algorithm and Gurobi solver verify the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed. The results indicate that our method can not only avoid the stockout of petrol stations, but also effectively reduce the distribution routing cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)