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文章首先介绍了掺铒光纤放大器（EDFA）的结构和工作原理,然后运用能级理论和激光原理,深入全面地分析了影响EDFA增益和噪声的主要因素,得出了EDFA增益和噪声与泵浦功率、泵浦方式、输入信号光功率和掺铒光纤长度等关系的一些重要结论,并且通过实验进一步验证了这些结论;提出了提高EDFA增益,减小噪声系数的方法;最后根据文中得出的结论,设计了一种高增益低噪声的C波段EDFA光路,该光路已经应用于工程实践中。

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery is the property of Chinese Journal of Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biology Teaching is the property of East China Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the efficacy of the auricular reconstruction using delayed postauricular skin flap applied to concha-type microtia. Methods From January 2011 to December 2021, a retrospective study of patients with concha-type microtia, whom we accepted and treated with the auricular reconstruction using delayed postauricular skin flap. The reconstruction was performed in three stages. The first stage is the procedure of delayed postauricular skin flap preparing and residual auricle dealing, the second stage is the autogenous rib cartilage framework placed and covered with the delayed postauricular skin flap and a postauricular fascial flap which is covered by autologous medium-thickness skin graft, and the third stage involved modification of the reconstructed ear. Results There are a total of 52 cases, of which 46 have completed the third stage surgery and 6 have completed the second stage surgery. All the surgical incisions were primary healing, without infection and necrosis. Follow up observation for six months after surgery, there were 32 of them satisfied, 20 basic satisfied, and no one dissatisfied. Conclusion The auricular reconstruction using delayed postauricular skin flap is a good supplement to the treatment for concha-type microtia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Guangdong Medical Journal is the property of Guangdong Medical Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the effect of ginseng polysaccharide on relieving osteoporosis and Wnt3/B-catenin/Runx2 signaling pathway in ovariectomized rats. Methods Rats were divided into five groups, sham operation group, model group, low-dose and high-dose ginseng polysaccharide groups (100 and 200 mg/kg), and alendronate sodium vitamin D3 group (6.25 mg/kg), with 10 rats in each group. Osteoporosis model was established using ovariectomy. After continuous intervention for 12 weeks, body mass was recorded. The histopathologic morphology of the bone was observed. Bone mineral density, bone biomechanical indexes, serum bone metabolism, and biochemical indexes were detected. Expressions of Wnt3, B-catenin, and Runx2 in the bone tissue were measured. Results Compared to those in the model group, the body mass of rats in low-dose and high-dose ginseng polysaccharide groups decreased significantly P < 0.01 ), the histopathologic morphology of bone was alleviated, P < 0.01 ) and bone mineral density, stiffness, and maximum stress and maximum load increased significantly ( P < 0.05, . Serum TRAP-5b content decreased significantly P < 0.05 P < 0.01 ) . The contents of BALP, OC, OPG, P3+, and Ca2+ increased significantly (P<0.05. P < 0.01 ) . The expressions of Wnt3, B-catenin, and Runx2 in the bone tissue increased significantly (P< 0.05, P < 0.01 ) . Conclusion Ginseng polysaccharide relieves osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Its mechanism may be related to the activation of Wnt3/B-catenin/Runx2 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Potato Journal is the property of Northeast Agricultural University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biology Teaching is the property of East China Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Potato Journal is the property of Northeast Agricultural University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To observe the efficacy of orbital septum fat repositioning with direct internal fixation via a transconjunctival approach for the treatment of lower eyelid bags and tear trough deformity without skin laxity. Methods From June 2016 to June 2021,a retrospective study of 234 patients (468 eyes) who underwent orbital fat repositioning with direct internal fixation using a transconjunctival approach was performed. The collected data included age, duration of surgery, operation effect, patient satisfaction, and postoperative complications. The severity of tear trough deformity was assessed before and after surgery according to the Hirmand classification system.Results The mean age was (28.1±5.2) years. The mean operative time was (50.0±8.3) min. The mean follow-up time was (10.5±3.8) months. There were 126 eyes (26.9%) and 342 eyes (73.1%) with type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ tear trough deformity before surgery, respectively. After surgery, complete correction was achieved in all patients with type Ⅰ tear trough deformity and 324 eyes with type Ⅱ tear trough deformity. An improvement from preoperative type Ⅱ to type Ⅰ tear trough deformity was noted in the remaining 18 eyes. A total of 98.7%of patients were satisfied with their postoperative results. No serious short-term or long-term complications were observed. Conclusion Direct internal fixation of orbital septal fat repositioning via transconjunctival approach is safe and effective in the treatment of lacrimal trough eyelid bags without skin laxity, and it is worthy of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery is the property of Chinese Journal of Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health is the property of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oncology is the property of Chinese Journal of Oncology / Zhonghua Zhongliu Zazhi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a Meta-analysis on the effects of endurance and strength training on maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max), vertical jump and upper and lower limb strength (1RM) of different populations, so as to propose the optimal exercise intervention plan. METHODS: CNKI, PubMed, WanFang, and Web of Science were retrieved from their inception to October 2020. Review Manager 5.4 was used for analyzing the overall effect, heterogeneity, and publication bias using the fixed effect model and random effect model. Finally 15 foreign language documents involving 409 subjects were included and analyzed from different angles. RESULTS: Concurrent endurance and strength training could improve the maximum oxygen uptake, but was relatively inferior to the traditional endurance training. Concurrent endurance and strength training had no significant effect on the overall strength of the upper and lower limbs. The combined effect size of leg lift, leg flexion and extension, and squat and its 95% confidence interval were 8.47 [-3.95, 20.88], 2.46 [-11.34, 9.73], -0.81 [-2.72, 7.64] (P > 0.1). Concurrent endurance and strength training had certain but no significant effect on vertical jump (mean difference=0.44, 95% confidence interval [-0.97,1.85], P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Concurrent endurance and strength training can improve the body’s maximum oxygen uptake. In sports training, compared with the traditional endurance or strength training alone, concurrent endurance and strength training can maintain the body strength level, while developing other basic qualities such as endurance. Therefore, concurrent endurance and strength training has better benefits for physical fitness compared with strength or endurance training alone. Moreover, concurrent endurance and strength training has less impact on explosive force and overall strength, which can achieve the best results based on an 8-12 week training cycle and 2-3 times per week. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oncology is the property of Chinese Journal of Oncology / Zhonghua Zhongliu Zazhi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oncology is the property of Chinese Journal of Oncology / Zhonghua Zhongliu Zazhi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Hyperbaric oxygen can improve the survival rate of the flap, but whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy can reduce the scar adhesion between the delayed flap and the base, and shorten the time of delayed flap revascularization have not been documented. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of the delayed skin flap and the scar tissue at the base on the back of the rat after hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and to seek a safer and more time-saving method of delayed flap formation. METHODS: This experiment simulated the delayed flap model of the human reconstructed ear on the back of Sprague-Dawley rats. Healthy male Sprague- Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group and a hyperbaric oxygen treatment group. In the latter group, the rats were placed in the infant hyperbaric oxygen chamber for hyperbaric oxygen treatment for 5 days after surgery. The blood flow of the flap was recorded preoperatively and daily after surgery. Scar tissue thickness, type I/III collagen ratio, vascular number, vascular diameter and the number of vascular endothelial growth factor-positive cells in the flap were recorded preoperatively and on the 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st days postoperatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The blood flow of the flaps in both groups decreased significantly on the 1st postoperative day, and then began to increase. The blood flow in the hyperbaric oxygen treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group on the 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st days postoperatively (P < 0.05). The subcutaneous tissue edema in the hyperbaric oxygen treatment group was slighter than that in the control group, and the tissue inflammatory cell infiltration was less. On the 21st postoperatively day, the thickness of scar tissue adhesion at the base in the hyperbaric oxygen treatment group was smaller than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The ratio of type I/III collagen in the hyperbaric oxygen treatment group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). On the 7th, 14th, and 21st days postoperatively, the number of blood vessels in the hyperbaric oxygen treatment group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The vascular diameter in the two groups was the smallest on the 1st postoperative day, and the largest on the 14th postoperative day. The vascular diameter in the hyperbaric oxygen treatment group was significantly larger than that in control group on the 1st postoperative day (P < 0.05). The number of vascular endothelial growth factor positive cells in both groups began to increase on the 1st postoperativel day, and reached the maximum value on the 14th postoperative day. The number of vascular endothelial growth factor positive cells in the hyperbaric oxygen treatment group was higher than that in the control group at each observation time point (P < 0.05). To conclude, hyperbaric oxygen can reduce the scar adhesion between delayed skin flap and the basement and increase the blood flow of the delayed flaps in rats. Its mechanism may be related to the promotion of revascularization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of different retention time of silicone drainage tube for lacrimal passage on the quality of life, vision and recurrence rate of chronic dacryocystitis patients. Methods: 91 cases (128 eyes) of chronic dacryocystitis patients who came to our hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected retrospectively. According to the time of catheter retention after operation, they were divided into two groups: group A and group B, among group A had catheter for 6 weeks and 44 cases (61 eyes). Group B was had catheter for 12 weeks, 47 cases (67 eyes). The curative effect, vision, complication rate, incidence rate of chief complaint of tear spillation, quality of life and recurrence rate were compared between the two groups. Results: The total effective rate of extubation day in group A was higher than that of group B (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the total effective rate 3 months after extubation (P>0.05). The scores of social function, physical pain, mental health, physiological function, energy, emotional function, physiological function and overall health in the two groups at 6 months after extubation were all higher than those before operation (P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no statistical difference of vision between the two groups before operation, 3 months after extubation and within the group (P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in the incidence rate of chief complaint of tear spillation between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence rate of complications and recurrence rate in group A were lower than those in group B (P<0.05). Conclusions: The duration of in- dwelling of the silica gel drainage tube in the lacrimal duct has no significant influence on the curative effect, vision, quality of life, and incidence rate of chief complaint of tear spillation in patients with chronic dacryocystitis. However, the complication rate and recurrence rate of patients who have been indwelling for 6 weeks are lower than those who have been indwelling for 12 weeks, suggesting that the duration of indwelling of the silica gel drainage tube in the lacrimal duct should be shortened as much as possible according to the specific conditions of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of double-eyelid blepharoplasty with orbital septum for swollen upper eyelid. Methods From January to December 2019, 121 patients with swollen upper eyelid were collected. The incision was designed according to the conventional method. The excess skin, orbicularis oculi muscle and suborbicularis oculi fat within the designed line were removed, and the orbital septum was exposed. The myocutaneous flap below the incision was preserved, the loose fat fascia was removed and the dense pretarsal fascia was preserved. The orbital septum was cut horizontally along the muscular margin above the incision, the protruded orbital septal fat was removed and suborbicularis oculi fat was thinned. Using the fusion of levator aponeurosis with septum as a pedicle, the lower part of the orbital septum was turned downward and then sutured to the upper border of lower orbicularis oculi muscle and posterior pretarsal fascia. Finally sutured the skin, muscle, orbital septum (anterior tarsal fascia), muscle and skin. Results All 121 patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months, 109 cases were satisfied, 9 cases were basically satisfied and 3 cases were unsatisfied with the results. These 3 patients were basically satisfied with the results after repair. Conclusion Double-eyelid blepharoplasty with orbital septum is a good method for the treatment of swollen upper eyelid. It should be considerable for clinical promotion and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The manufacture of ear brackets in traditional ear reconstruction is likely to cause ear distortion, and 3 D printing technology makes it possible to prepare individualized and highly simulated ears. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of making individualized ear scaffolds using granule cartilage plus n-butyl α-cyanoacrylate glue with 3 D printing technology. METHODS: Male and female modes of 3 D ear scaffolds were prepared for the affected ears according to the ears on the non-injured side. Granule cartilage and n-butyl α-cyanoacrylate glue were placed in the female modes to prepare ear cartilage scaffolds through slight adjustment based on male modes. Then the ear cartilage scaffolds were implanted into the back of New Zealand rabbits. The morphology of constructed ear scaffolds was dynamically observed. At postoperative 4, 8, and 12 weeks, the ear scaffolds were taken out in batches. The connection between granule cartilage and cartilage survival was histologically observed. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of type II collagen. The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Hunan Normal University, China(approval No. 201517). RESULTS and CONCLUSION: (1) Gross observation: compared with before surgery, the length, width and height of the reconstructed ears were not significantly changed, but the weight of the reconstructed ears was significantly increased at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery(P < 0.05). (2) Histological observation: Inflammatory cell infiltration was observed around granular cartilage. With the prolongation of ear scaffold implantation time, inflammatory cell count gradually decreased, and there were more newly formed vessels in the fascia attached to the scaffold. With the prolongation of implantation time, the number of new chondrocytes in the cartilage membrane gradually increased, cartilage volume gradually increased, and mature chondrocytes gradually increased. Obvious decomposition of n-butyl α-cyanoacrylate between cartilage pieces was not observed. Most of the cartilage pieces were still separated by n-butyl α-cyanoacrylate, and a few of cartilage pieces had fiber connections. With the prolongation of implantation time, the connections between cartilage pieces increased. (3) Immunohistochemistry observation: With the prolongation of ear scaffold implantation time, the expression of type II collagen gradually increased. (4) These results suggest that granule cartilage plus n-butyl α-cyanoacrylate glue combined with 3 D printing technology make preparation of individualized ear scaffolds feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery is the property of Chinese Journal of Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oncology is the property of Chinese Journal of Oncology / Zhonghua Zhongliu Zazhi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the application of a triangular bracket composed of auricular cartilage in nasal tip rhinoplasty. Methods The cavum conchae and cymba conchae cartilage of one ear was cut. The cavum conchae cartilage was sliced into 3 strips of different widths. The first was from 4 to 8 mm, the second was from 2 to 4 mm, and the third was from 2 to 4 mm. The first and second strip of cartilage was sutured as a middle column graft, and the third was used as support a column graft. The cymba conchae cartilage was applied as the onlay tip graft and shield graft. The middle column graft was sutured at the front of the end of the nasal septal cartilage, and the support column graft was sutured and fixed to the upper of the middle column graft and the end of the nasal septal cartilage. To further adjust the height and shape of the nasal tip, the onlay tip graft was composed of 1 to 3 layers of cymba conchae cartilage. It was made above the middle column graft, and a shield graft formed by a strip of the cymba conchae cartilage was made in the anterior superior part of the middle column graft. Results A total of 68 patients were followed up from 3 to 36 months. All nasal incisions healed well, and no hematoma or infection occurred. The morphology of the nasal tips was obviously improved. No patients were unsatisfied or required reoperation. Small hematomas in the cavum conchae occurred in 2 patients but gradually absorbed after organization. The contour of the auricle was unaffected. Conclusion Applying a triangular bracket composed of auricular cartilage to form the nasal tip was a safe and feasible method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Automatica Sinica is the property of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: There are many studies on the correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor and scar, but the correlation between angiopoietin-1 and scar is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of angiopoietin-1 and its correlation with angiogenesis during scar formation. METHODS: New Zealand white rabbits irrespective of gender were enrolled, and the scar models were established at the ear ventral center. The scar tissue and normal ear ventral tissue were removed at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after epithelialization. The morphology of scar formation was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, changes of angiogenesis during scar formation were observed through immunohistochemical staining of CD34, and the expression level of angiopoietin-1 was detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression level of angiopoietin-1 in the scar tissue was increased firstly, peaked at 2 weeks after epithelialization, then decreased gradually, and the lowest at 12 weeks close to the normal value. The number of microvessels was the highest at 4 weeks after epithelialization and then decreased gradually. The number of mature vessels was on a rise. Number of mature vessels/total number of microvessels tended to be increased. The expression of angiopoietin-1 was correlated negatively with the number of mature vessels, and number of mature vessels/total number of microvessels during scar formation (P < 0.05). To conclude, angiopoietin-1 may play an important role in angiogenesis during scar formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China University of Petroleum is the property of China University of Petroleum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the management effect of two levels management mode of the graduate students in affiliated hospitals. Methods In the third affiliated hospital of Kunming Medical University， 40 graduates in the class of 2013 grade，were randomly and equally divided into control group and experiment group. The two levels management mode was used in the experiment group， while the unified management of the department of graduate was adopted in the control group. After 1 year， the management effect of the two types of management were evaluated by using questionnaire survey， mainly including management personnel levels， management personnel comprehensive quality， management system rationality， mentor teacher job satisfaction， and class cadre management ability. Results Compared with the control group， the teaching effect of the test group was significantly higher in the results of management personnel levels，management system rationality，and mentor work satisfaction， and the differences were statistically significant （P < 0.05） . Conclusion The two levels management of affiliated hospitals could improve the graduate management effectiveness，the level of management of the management team， and the teaching level of teacher. Meanwhile，the two levels management can complete the graduate student teaching work with good quality and quantity. This model is worthy of further exploration， improvement， perfection and promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective The purpose of the study was to compare the P63 expression in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） between Xuanwei and other regions，and to investigate the relationship of P63 expression and biological behavior. Methods Immunohistochemical method was used. Results The results indicated that the expression of P63 in lung squamous cell carcinoma was extraordinarily high. P63 was related to the TNM staging system，tissue differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis，but not related to gender. In NSCLC，there was no significant difference of the P63 positive expression rate in the same pathological types， staging， tissue differentiation degree，lymph node metastasis and gender between Xuanwei and other regions. It indicated that the expression of P63 was not the reason why it was high incidence of lung cancer in Xuanwei region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)