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目的本研究旨在比较成纤维细胞来源外泌体与间充质干细胞来源外泌体对小鼠急性皮肤创面的修复作用。方法体外分离培养原代人真皮成纤维细胞（hDF）并鉴定。用超速离心法提取人真皮成纤维细胞来源外泌体（hDF-EXO）、人骨髓间充质干细胞来源外泌体（hMSC-EXO）并鉴定；两种外泌体与hDF共培养24 h后，CCK8细胞增殖实验和划痕实验检测细胞增殖和迁移活性；采用8周龄雌性C57BL/6小鼠构建急性全层皮肤切除模型，在伤口上分别局部涂敷PBS（对照组）、hDF-EXO、hMSC-EXO进行治疗。术后第0、2、4、7天观察小鼠伤口并计算伤口面积。术后第1天取伤口组织检测对外泌体摄取情况，并利用qPCR检测伤口组织TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-10炎症因子水平。术后第7天取伤口组织进行HE染色观察伤口组织结构变化，免疫荧光染色观察伤口组织PDGFR-α、α-SMA、Ki67表达情况。结果hDF表面分子及特异性标志物表达符合成纤维细胞特性。hDF-EXO和hMSC-EXO的形状、粒径、标志物均符合外泌体鉴定标准，且两者浓度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；体外试验数据显示，CCK8法检测显示hDF-EXO组和hMSC-EXO组的细胞活力均显著高于对照组（PPPPPPPP

针对分拣过程中视觉系统识别复杂物体时速度慢、对环境变化适应性不足的问题，提出一种基于轻量型卷积神经网络的机械臂快速分拣方法。该方法首先使用基于轻量型卷积神经网络的MobileNet-SSD算法对图像中的目标物体进行检测，获取目标类别和位置信息；然后根据检测输出结果对图像进行预处理和边缘检测，最终得到校正后的定位结果。在PROBOT Anno机械臂平台上进行分拣实验，实验结果表明，相比于传统的图像处理方法，提出的方法能对复杂目标物体实现快速的检测和定位，对于目标形态和环境的多样性来说具有更好的鲁棒性。

【目的】分析食管鳞癌患者（ESCC组）与健康对照组（HC组）唾液菌群多样性，筛选出食管鳞癌患者唾液中特异性细菌。【方法】收集50例食管鳞癌患者和40例健康对照者的唾液标本，提取总DNA，用PCR扩增16SrDNAV4区，进行高通量测序，将测序数据进行OUT聚类，物种注释及多样性分析。【结果】多样性分析表明ESCC组和HC组整体唾液菌群的多样性及组成方面存在差异（但>0.05），物种分析表明ESCC组以奈瑟菌属（Neisseria）、梭杆菌属（Fusobacterium）、嗜血杆菌属（Haemophilus）、普式菌属（Prevotella）、卟啉单胞菌属（Porphyromonas）为主，健康对照组以奈瑟菌属（Neisseria）、嗜血杆菌属（Haemophilus）、普式菌属（Prevotella）、梭杆菌属（Fusobacterium）、韦荣氏球菌属（Veillonella）为主，LEfSe分析表明ESCC组卟啉菌属表达升高，且具有统计学差异（

文章设计并实现了一种基于嵌入式数据库的波分复用-无源光网络（WDM-PON）系统软件。该系统软件可对图形网管和各种字符终端用户提供管理接口,完成对各种电信业务的管理、监控和配置。结合使用嵌入式数据库,该软件可提高系统软件的性能,尤其是可靠性、实时性,并缩短软件开发周期。

【目的】通过在大鼠脑缺血后再灌注期间使用左旋精氨酸干预黏附分子E-选择素的表达从而减轻炎症损伤。【方法】先后复制易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠(RHRSP)模型和右侧大脑中动脉缺血2h再灌注(MCAO/R)线栓模型(n=192),并设立MCAO假手术组(n=48)。入选MCAO大鼠随机分为3个组,分别于缺血早期给予左旋精氨酸(n=72)、右旋精氨酸(n=48)和等体积生理盐水(n=72)。测定缺血侧脑组织NO代谢物含量、MPO活性、间接免疫荧光染色和RT-PCR方法检测E-选择素表达。【结果】左旋精氨酸组缺血后至再灌注0、4和8h后NO代谢物含量(52±12、81±34、131±27)高于相应时间段的盐水组(43±14、40±17、105±39)和右旋精氨酸组(38±13、34±16、109±29)。左旋精氨酸组大鼠缺血及再灌注早期E-选择素表达及MPO活性低于右旋精氨酸组和盐水组。【结论】大鼠脑缺血早期使用左旋精氨酸可以增加缺血区域NO含量,减少缺血再灌注早期E-选择素的表达和中性粒细胞的浸润。

Different leaf/fruit treatment was conducted to study the effects on fruit grading and nutrient distribution in Orah' mandarin, and to screen the most suitable leaf/fruit ratio of 'Orah' mandarin during cultivation. Fruit thinning was conducted. The fruit number and yield of different grading fruit were investigated under different leaf/fruit ratio, and the correlation was analyzed. The difference of macronutrients in leaves and fruits were determined and the characteristics of nutrient changes were analyzed during the whole growth period. The results showed that the leaf/fruit ratio was negatively correlated with yield, fruit number of whole tree, and positively correlated with average fruit diameter and ratio of 70-80 and >80 mm grading. When the leaf/fruit ratio was 30-40, the ratio of 70-80 and >80 mm grading was the highest, and the optimal leaf/fruit ratio was 30-40. At fruit enlargement stage, the content of nitrogen in the leaves was significantly higher than that in fruits at 15, 30 and 60 leaf/fruit ratio. The content of phosphorus in fruits was significantly higher than that in leaves at 60 leaf/fruit ratio. The content of potassium in the fruits were significantly higher than that in leaves at 30 and 60 leaf/fruit ratio. In addition, the content of macronutrients was highest from May to July at the early stage of fruit enlargement. It was concluded that the optimal leaf/fruit ratio was 30-40, and adequate nutrients should be provided to the fruit trees during the fruit enlargement period. This study provides important data support for fruit thinning and nutrient management of 'Orah' mandarin in Guangxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Population analysis unit is the spatiotemporal object and basic part of geographical analysis in different urban scenes. Aiming at the problem that the current unit expression model pays less attention to the description of specific population analysis features and lacks the correlation method and reference standard of scene and unit feature expression. We propose a population analysis unit expression model considering urban scene change. Methods: The model first considers the unit's demand for feature description of population spatiotemporal analysis in two-dimensional space, as well as the dissimilarity of components such as objects and environments of urban scenes, forming a population analysis unit expression model that integrates scene components. Then, based on the content of model expression, the relationship between urban scene and population analysis unit is analyzed. Referring to the geographic scene modeling method, the correlation characteristics and reference standards between scene and population analysis unit are constructed. Results: In order to verify the rationality of the method, we take the epidemic analysis scenario in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China as a case to realize the population analysis unit modeling and attribute feature dynamic update considering the scenario change. The results show that the proposed model can correlate urban scene information with population analysis unit characteristics according to standards and help to improve unit description ability. Conclusions: By associating the information and characteristics of urban scene elements, the proposed model can enhance the expression ability of units and map the information and characteristics of urban scene in a more standard and reasonable way. It can also provide a reference for the geometric construction of the unit and the interpretation of the analysis results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the shafts in Xiaoqinling Gold District gradually close, it has become imperative to conduct geological hazard investigations and implement remediation measures. Based on the geological environment of the mining area, this study analyzes the types of geological hazards in the region and implements targeted remediation measures, such as waste residue cleaning and transportation, construction of protective dikes, debris retention dams, debris retention walls, trench rehabilitation, road repairs, and vegetation restoration. In Xiaoqinling Gold District, 28 800 m³ of debris retention walls were constructed, stabilizing 20.02 million t of ore residue, cleaning and transporting 5.84 million t of residue, leveling 1.435 million m² of residue slopes, constructing 21.2 km of drainage channels along residue slopes, clearing and dredging 15.5 km of river channels, planting 807 000 saplings, and sowing 14. 6 t of grass seeds. The environmental benefits have been significant, providing valuable insights and references for similar geological hazard remediation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plastics Science & Technology / Suliao Ke-Ji is the property of Plastics Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Machine Tool & Hydraulics is the property of Guangzhou Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (GMERI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Reasonable evaluation of the spatial-temporal evolution of water ecological security in the middle reaches of Yangtze River and analysis of its influencing factors can provide references for the construction of water ecological security barriers in the middle reaches of Yangtze River. The evaluation index system of regional water ecological security was established based on PSR model, and the water ecological security status of the middle reaches of Yangtze River from 2011 to 2020 was evaluated by entropy weight method. The obstacle factors of water ecological security were analyzed combined with the obstacle degree model and countermeasures were proposed. The results show that the comprehensive index of water ecological security of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River has increased from 0.348 3 in 2011 to 0.434 0 in 2020, showing an overall upward trend. The ranking result of water ecological security obstacle degree of the middle reaches of Yangtze River is response >status >pressure, and it is comprehensively affected by scientific and technological expenditure, ecological water consumption, per capita water resources, fixed assets investment and industrial water consumption. The spatial correlation of water ecological security in the middle reaches of Yangtze River is positive, and it shows the characteristics of aggregation distribution in the region. The water ecological security level of the provinces in the middle reaches of Yangtze River is mostly close to the critical safety level, and there is still a big gap between reaching the basic safety level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization is the property of Hebei Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization Magazine Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the impact of adductor canal block combined with general anesthesia on postoperative pain and cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods A total of 72 elderly patients undergoing elective TKA were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group with 36 patients in each group using a random number table method. The control group was given simple general intravenous anesthesia, and the observation group received adductor canal block under ultrasound guidance combined with general anesthesia. Both groups of patients were connected to patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) pumps after surgery. Data of heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded at the time of entering the operating room (T0), insertion of the laryngeal mask (T1), 30 minutes after the start of surgery (T2) and the end of surgery (T3). Visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were recorded in the first 48 hours postoperatively. Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were recorded 3 days after surgery. Additionally, the dosage of propofol and sufentanil, PCIA press times, awakening time, extubation time, first time out of bed and length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with the control group, the observation group showed a decrease in HR at T1 and T3, and an increase in SBP and DBP (P＜0.05). In comparison with the control group, the observation group showed lower VAS scores, along with reduced CRP and IL-6 levels, and higher MMSE scores (P＜0.05) at the same postoperative time points. Patients in the observation group showed reduced doses of propofol and sufentanil, fewer PCIA presses, shorter postoperative recovery, extubation, first time out of bed and hospital stay than those of patients in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion The application of ultrasound-guided adductor canal block combination with general anesthesia helps alleviate postoperative pain, relieve stress responses and improve cognitive function level in elderly patients with total knee replacement surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Arid Land Geography is the property of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium is the property of Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Objective To evaluate the alleviating effect of berberine (BBR) on hepatic inflammation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice from the perspectives of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Methods A total of 24 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. Mice in the NASH and NASH+BBR groups were fed with high-fat, high-fructose, and high-cholesterol diets for 28 weeks to induce the NASH disease models, whereas mice in the CD and CD+BBR groups were given with normal diets, and mice in the CD+BBR and NASH+BBR groups were given with 200 mg/（kg · d) of BBR by gavage once a day starting from the 25th week for 4 consecutive weeks. The body weight of mice was recorded weekly. Glucose tolerance test and insulin resistance test were performed at the 3rd week of administration. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol levels, and hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were measured at the end of treatment. Liver samples were treated with HE, Oil-Red O and Masson staining. The expression levels of liver inflammatory factors of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA were detected by qPCR. The levels of malondialdehyde, total superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity, indicators of oxidative stress in liver tissues were assessed by colorimetric assay. The expression levels of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related pathways in liver tissues were detected by Western blot. Results NASH mouse models were successfully established. Compared with the mice in the NASH group, weight gain was inhibited, glucose tolerance abnormality was mitigated, insulin sensitivity was increased and liver function and hyperlipidemia were improved after treatment with BBR in the NASH+BBR group (all P < 0.05) . Hepatic pathological slices showed a reduction in steatosis, and a decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration, but there was no significant alleviation in fibrosis. The mRNA expression levels of liver inflammatory factors were down-regulated (all P < 0.05) . The levels of hepatic tissue oxidative stress factor of malondialdehyde were decreased, whereas those of antioxidant factors of total superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity were increased (all P < 0.05) . The expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker of GRP78 protein and PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway were significantly down-regulated (all P < 0.05) . Conclusions BBR can alleviate overweight, glycolipid metabolism disorder and liver function abnormality in NASH mice. Besides, it can also mitigate hepatic steatosis and inflammation, but it has no significant effect on the alleviation of fibrosis. BBR mitigates inflammatory response in NASH mice probably by suppressing oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Soochow University Educational Science Edition is the property of Soochow University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni / Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Sun-Yat-Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to summarize the optimal genetic transformation system for Linfen 5064 and provide a technical platform for Shanxi wheat breeding, in this study, the immature embryo of Linfen 5064, a high-quality backbone parent of Chinese wheat, was used as the test material, the key parameters including hormone concentrations of induction, differentiation as well as rooting culture media and bombardment pressure was compared and analyzed. The results showed that Linfen 5064 immature embryos could form callus in all the three concentrations of hormone in inducing culture medium. Among them, in the induction medium containing 2.0 mg/L 2, 4-D, the tested immature embryos showed the highest callus induction rate of 83.0%. Linfen 5064 callus produced regenerated buds in four differentiation culture mediums with diverse hormone concentrations. When the differentiation medium contained 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.2 mg/L 6-BA, the callus had the highest differentiation rate of 70.0%. The differentiated callus of Linfen 5064 exhibited root formation in four hormone concentrations of rooting medium. When the rooting medium contained 0.1 mg/L 2, 4-D without 6-BA, the differentiated callus had the highest rooting rate of 77.5% and formed a majority of roots. Using the optimized hormone concentration culture medium mentioned above, genetic transformation mediated by biolistic particle was carried out on the immature embryo of Linfen 5064. Three pressure treatment groups were set up in the bombardment step to introduce the test plasmids separately. The results showed that 192 regenerated plants were obtained under 900 psi bombardment pressure, with a regeneration rate of 28.3%. Among them, four plants carrying target bands were successfully amplified, with the highest genetic transformation rate of 0.50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To solve the drawbacks of easy protein adsorption and fast drug delivery for traditional poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogel corneal contact lens, β-cyclodextrin-hyaluronan (β-CD-crHA) as a functional derivative was used to modify pHEMA hydrogel for improving the performance of tear protein adsorption inhibition and sustainable drug delivery. The composition, morphology, water contact angle, water absorption, light transmittance, tensile property, tear protein adsorption, and loading and delivery of diclofenac sodium were systematically characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (1H-NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), atomic force microscope (AFM), contact angle instrument, ultra-violet spectrophotometer, and electronic universal testing machine, etc. Results showed that β-CD was successfully bonded on the molecular chain of hyaluronan and the substitution degree was calculated to be 18.2%. Moreover, β-CD-crHA was also proved to incorporate into the matrix of pHEMA hydrogel after crosslinking with aminated polyethylenimine via amidation reaction. The increase of β-CD-crHA content remarkably enhanced the hydrophilicity of pHEMA hydrogel, which effectively reduced the adsorption of lysosome and albumin by 51.3% and 34.8% respectively, in comparison to pure pHEMA hydrogel. Meanwhile, the introduction of β-CD-crHA into pHEMA hydrogel significantly increased the loading capacity of diclofenac sodium and sustainable drug delivery as well. However, β-CD-crHA didn't damage the basic properties of pHEMA hydrogel, such as light transmittance and tensile strain. Therefore, pHEMA/βCD-crHA hydrogel, which effectively improves the tear protein adsorption inhibition and sustainable drug release of traditional pHEMA hydrogel corneal contact lens, is a promising corneal contact lens material for ophthalmic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Objective To investigate the underlying mechanism by which hypoxia caused sperm developmental dysfunction. Methods Mouse spermatocytes GC-2 were conventionally sub-cultured in 6-well plates and grew to the logarithmic growth stage. 8 cell culture plates were selected and randomly divided into the hypoxia group and the control group. The cells in the hypoxia group and the control group were cultured in a Inviv O2 work station in 1% 02, 5% C02 and 94% N2 at 37 ℃ and a constant temperature and humidity of 5% carbon dioxide incubator at 37 ℃, respectively. After hypoxia treatment for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, one cell culture plate was randomly taken from the Inviv 02 work station and the control from the carbon dioxide incubator. The cells in the hypoxia group and the control group were all randomly divided into two parts, of which one was used to extract total RNA and the other to extract total protein. The expressions of HSPA2, HSF1 and HSF2 in GC-2 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot. Results A transient increase in HSPA2 mRNA levels was found in GC-2 cells under hypoxia treatment for 24 h (P <0. 05), but no significant changes were observed at the other time points (6, 12 and 48 h) (P > 0. 05). No significant change in HSPA2 protein was found in GC-2 cells under hypoxia treatment for 6 h (P〉0. 05), but significant decreases at the other time points (12, 24 and 48 h) were observed (P <0. 05). HSF1 mRNA expressions were significantly decreased in GC-2 cells under hypoxia treatment for 6 and 12 h (P <0. 05), and no obvious change at the time point of 24 h was observed (P05), but a significant increase was detected at the time point of 48 h (P < 0. 05). HSF1 protein levels were all significantly downregulated under hypoxia treatment at four time points (6, 12, 24 and 48 h) (P <0. 05). HSF2 mRNA expressions had no significant changes in GC-2 cells at all four time points (6, 12, 24 and 48 h) (P >0. 05), and HSF2 protein levels also showed no significant changes under hypoxia treatment at three time points (6, 12 and 24 h) (P〉0.05), but a significant decrease occurred at the time point of 48 h (P < 0. 05). Conclusion HSPA2, HSF1 and HSF2 expressions in GC-2 cells are all significantly changed under hypoxia, and they may participate in hypoxia-caused sperm developmental dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper provides a comprehensive review of the application of computer vision technology in the automatic detection of road potholes and objective assessment of road conditions. Typically, cameras and various types of depth sensors are used to acquire two-dimensional and three-dimensional road data for road imaging. Pothole detection is carried out based on computer vision technology, with the main detection algorithms including classic two-dimensional image processing, threedimensional point cloud modeling and segmentation, deep learning, and their hybrid methods. The hybrid methods, which exploit the advantages of various algorithms, can greatly improve the accuracy of detection. However, while existing algorithms have achieved good results in pothole detection, they still face many challenges, such as the need to improve the robustness of road geometry reconstruction, high algorithm complexity, and the model's strong dependence on large-scale well-annotated datasets. Therefore, future research should focus more on unsupervised stereo matching algorithms and deep learning algorithms with few samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Engineering Science Research & Application is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)