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旨在构建健康、低脂、高稳定性的新型蛋黄酱产品，以甘油和月桂酸为原料经过Novozyme 435脂肪酶催化，制备月桂酸型甘油二酯（DAG）粗产物，采用分子蒸馏和硅胶柱层析技术对粗产物进行纯化得到高纯度月桂酸型DAG（纯度>92%），以此为原料制备油泡沫，探究了搅打时间对油泡沫起泡能力、气泡粒径分布、微观结构及稳定性的影响，并将油泡沫50%部分替代或完全替代大豆油用于蛋黄酱制备，研究油泡沫对蛋黄酱流变学特性、色泽、稳定性的影响。结果表明：随着搅打时间的延长，气泡表面吸附的晶体数量明显增多，气泡粒径增大，起泡率先增大后基本保持不变，搅打时间为15 min时油泡沫起泡率最高，且此时的油泡沫储存2个月体积无明显变化；采用油泡沫部分替代及完全替代大豆油后可降低蛋黄酱的黏度，增加蛋黄酱在应力及频率扫描下的弹性模量，蛋黄酱表现出良好的塑性和稳定性，且蛋黄酱的色泽L*值增加,a*值和b*值降低。采用月桂酸型DAG搅打获得的油泡沫可有效降低蛋黄酱的油脂含量和热量，可作为油脂替代物用于新型蛋黄酱产品的开发。Aming to prepare healthy, low-fat mayonnaise with good stability, diglycerol laurate (DAG) with high purity (>92%) was synthesized via esterification of lauric acid with glycerol by using Novozyme 435 and followed by purification steps involving molecular distillation and silica gel column chromatography, and used as raw material for the preparation of oil foam, and the effects of whipping time on the foaming ability, bubble particle size distribution, microstructure and stability of the oil foam were investigated. Soybean oil was 50% partially replaced or completely replaced by oil foam for the preparation of mayonnaise, and the effects of oil foam on the rheological properties, color and stability of mayonnaise were investigated. The results showed that the number of crystals adsorbed on the surface of the bubbles increased significantly with the prolonging of the whipping time, the particle size of the bubbles increased, and the foaming rate first increased and then remained basically unchanged.The foaming rate was the highest when the whipping time was 15 min, and the oil foam volume did not change significantly after 2 months of storage. After using oil foam to partially replace and completely replace soybean oil, the viscosity of mayonnaise decreased, the modulus of elasticity of mayonnaise under stress and frequency scanning increased, mayonnaise showed good plasticity and stability, and the color L* value of mayonnaise increased, a* value and b* value decreased.The oil foam obtained by whipping with DAG can effectively reduce the oil content and calorie of mayonnaise, and can be used as a oil substitute for the development of new mayonnaise products.

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Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Graphene is a new type of carbon nanomaterial with a broad application prospect in modern agriculture in recent years. Most studies have reported that the effect of graphene on the plant growth is closely related to the amount of added graphene. An appropriate concentration can promote the growth of plants, especially the growth of plant roots, and ultimately increase the biomass of plants. However, the high amount of graphene can inhibit the growth of plants. Therefore, it is very necessary to clarify the influence of graphene on the growth and quality of various crops with the great economic value of roots, in order to explore the application potential and value. Taking the radish (a popular fleshy root vegetable crop) as the research object, this study aims to reveal the influence of graphene soaking and treatment on the growth and quality of some root-utilizing crops. A scientific basis was also provided for the graphene application in the high-efficiency and high-quality cultivation of radish. Four concentrations of graphene (0, 20, 40, and 100 mg/L) were used to treat the radish seeds and irrigate soil. An analysis was then made on the effects on the radish seed germination and field planting. In the seed germination experiment, the germination rate of radish seeds was counted to measure the bacon length, in order to characterize the effect of graphene on the radish seed germination. In the field planting experiment, the effect of graphene on the radish growth was evaluated to measure the plant height, leaf number, leaf fresh weight, and leaf length. Some photosynthetic parameters were measured to calculate the leaf Water Use Efficiency (WUE), leaf nitrogen content, fleshy root yield and weight, soluble sugar and vitamin A content, further to comprehensively evaluate the effect of graphene on the radish yield and quality. The results showed that the concentration of graphene in the range of 20-100 mg/L was greatly promoted the germination of radish seeds, where the 40 mg/L graphene presented the most significant effect. Furthermore, the growth of radish plants was significantly improved, when the concentrations of graphene were 20 and 40 mg/L in the field experiment. There was an increase in the chlorophyll content, enhanced photosynthesis, and the leaf WUE. Among them, the WUE referred to the light and function that produced by the unit transpiration water consumption of leaves. The higher WUE value indicated the stronger drought resistance of plants. Specifically, there was the higher WUE of radish leaves that treated with 20 and 40 mg/L graphene, whereas the lower with the 100 mg/L graphene, compared with the control. All graphene treatments were promoted the absorption of N by plants in the main growth and development stage of radish. A leading role of N component was found in the plant life activities, crop yield, and quality, particularly in many important organic compounds, such as the enzymes and protein, nucleic acids, vitamins, alkaloids, and plant hormones. Therefore, the graphene was applied to increase the yield of radish fleshy roots by 3.6%-13.8%. There was also an increase in the contents of soluble sugar and vitamin A. The soluble sugar was the direct product of plant photosynthesis for the normal physiological activities and functions of cells in the plant carbon metabolism. The main process was dominated by the plant growth and development, yield and quality. Vitamin A was also closely related to the plant growth and cell division. Consequently, the graphene with the appropriate concentration can be expected to promote the radish seed germination and plant growth. As such, the absorption of nutrients can also be improved in the radish plant for the high yield and quality. Anyway, the graphene has great an application potential in the high-efficiency and high-quality cultivation of radish in agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the birth status, serious complications, outcome and follow-up of very premature infants, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods: The clinical data of very preterm infants hospitalized in our department from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 were retrospectively collected. We compared and analyzed the difference of their birth status, perinatal status, treatment and outcome, and compared the physical development of infants who were followed up at 40 weeks, 1 month and 3 months after discharge. Results: A total of 101 premature infants were investigated. The gestational age was 22+5-31+6 weeks and the average was 29+6 weeks. The birth weight was 440-2 100 g, and the average was 1 348.21 g. All cases were grouped according to gestational age. All cases were grouped according to gestational age. The number of patients less than 28 weeks was the least, accounting for 10.89%, and the number of patients 30 -30+6 weeks and 31-31+6 weeks were the most, accounting for 27.72% respectively. The older the gestational age, the greater the birth weight, the higher the cesarean section rate, and the higher the Apgar score at 1 minute and 5 minutes. The perinatal related factors in each group were statistically different only in the presence of premature rupture of membranes. In terms of treatment measures, there were significant differences in invasive ventilation time and parenteral nutrition time. In terms of complications, there was significant difference in the incidence of moderate and severe BPD. There were significant differences in hospital stay, improvement rate and abandonment rate among the groups. Among the 75 discharged children who participated in the follow-up of physical development, the average head circumference, average length and average weight of infants of all ages exceeded the P10 percentile, and there was no significant difference between male and female infants. Conclusion: The younger the gestational age, the longer the need for invasive ventilation and parenteral nutrition, the more prone to premature delivery related complications such as moderate and severe BPD, and the survival rate is also more likely to be affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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