Search

旨在为生产质量更高、口感更佳的大豆基酸奶类产品提供理论指导，采用不同蛋白酶（木瓜蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶）对大豆分离蛋白（SPI）进行限制性酶水解处理，以SPI水解物及其对照品未经酶水解的SPI（HUE）为原料制备SPI乳状液酸诱导凝胶，对HUE和SPI水解物的亚基组成及分子质量进行表征，并分析了限制性酶水解对SPI乳状液酸诱导凝胶机械性能、摩擦学特性以及微观结构的影响。结果表明：经木瓜蛋白酶水解后SPI的7S、11S组分几乎完全消失，经菠萝蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶水解后SPI的7S组分明显减少，11S组分无明显变化，经胃蛋白酶水解后SPI的11S组分几乎消失，而7S组分无明显变化；与HUE制备的凝胶相比，经酶水解后SPI制备的凝胶其硬度和摩擦系数均降低，经木瓜蛋白酶水解后制备的凝胶网络结构不均匀，持水力降低，而经风味蛋白酶水解后制备的凝胶的持水力和微观结构的均匀程度提高。综上，经过合适的蛋白酶适当水解，可以制备硬度更低、持水力更好、摩擦系数更低、微观结构更均匀的SPI乳状液酸诱导凝胶。To provide theoretical guidance for the production of soybean based yogurt products with higher quality and better taste, soybean protein isolate (SPI) was subjected to limited enzymatic hydrolysis by different proteases (papain, bromelain, neutral protease, flavor protease, pepsin), and the SPI hydrolysates and the control samples HUE (no enzymolysis) were used to prepare acid-induced gel. The subunit composition and molecular weight of HUE and SPI hydrolysates were characterized. The effects of limited enzymatic hydrolysis on the mechanical properties, tribological properties and microstructure of acid-induced gel prepared by SPI emulsion were analyzed. The results showed that the 7S and 11S components of SPI almost disappeared after papain hydrolysis. The 7S components of SPI hydrolyzed by bromelain, neutral protease and flavor protease decreased significantly, while the 11S components had no significant change. After hydrolysis with pepsin, the 11S components of SPI almost disappeared, while the 7S components had no obvious change. Compared with the gel prepared with HUE, the hardness and friction coefficient of the acid-induced gel prepared with SPI hydrolysates decreased, the gel prepared with SPI hydrolysates by papain hydrolysis exhibited uneven network structure and reduced water holding capacity, while the gel prepared by flavor protease hydrolysis showed improved water holding capacity and microstructure uniformity. In conclusion, acid-induced gel prepared with SPI emulsion with lower hardness, better water holding capacity, lower friction coefficient and more uniform microstructure can be prepared by proper hydrolysis of appropriate proteases.

目的探究超声引导浅层胸骨旁肋间平面阻滞对胸骨切开心脏手术患者术后恢复质量和镇痛效果的影响。方法本研究共纳入64例胸骨切开心脏手术患者，随机分为接受浅层胸骨旁肋间平面阻滞使用罗哌卡因（罗哌卡因组）或生理盐水（生理盐水组）两组。主要研究指标为患者术后24 h恢复质量评分（QoR-15评分），其次为术后24 h疼痛评分和阿片药物使用情况。结果与生理盐水组比较，罗哌卡因组术后24 h QoR-15评分显著提高［（89.60±13.24） vs （81.18±12.78）， P=0.012］，静息数字疼痛评分显著降低［（3.03±0.72） vs （4.26±0.93）， P<0.001］，咳嗽数字疼痛评分显著降低［（4.40±0.89） vs （5.44±1.05）， Pvs 40.50 （19.25～68.18） mg， P=0.002］，补救镇痛需求亦明显减少［0.00 （0.00～0.00）mg vs 0.00 （0.00～100.00） mg， P=0.007］。结论超声引导浅层胸骨旁肋间平面阻滞可通过提升术后镇痛效果及减少阿片药物使用量，提高胸骨切开心脏手术患者术后24 h的总体恢复质量，利于术后早期康复。

本研究針對525 位學校教育人員、學生家長與民間團體代表進行全國性問卷調查，以瞭解其對於我國品德教育實施現況與問題及面臨十二年國教課程改革之看法。結果顯示：一、品德教育在各教育階段採多元但隨機方式實施，其中個人品德修養與團體規範的教育成效尚佳，但較缺乏公民意識與道德思辨能力之養成；二、品德教育實施之主要困難來自媒體與家庭負面影響，以及師生未予以積極重視；三、受試者對於應著重的品德核心價值與道德議題有所共識；四、單獨設科為多數教育人員與家長期望之品德課程模式；五、十二年國教品德教育須強化的配套措施含師資、教材、網路資源、行政支援與親職教育等。最後，根據分析結果，本研究提出相關的討論與初探性的建議。 A national survey of 525 educators, parents, and civic groups was conducted to determine their perception of the status quo of character and moral education in Grades 1 to 12 as well as their suggestions for the curriculum reform of 12-year basic education. The results indicate that (1) the implementation of character and moral education is diverse and nonsystematic, (2) negative influences of media and family and the ignorance of teachers and students are among the major difficulties in implementing moral and character education, (3) a consensus on the core values and moral issues that should be addressed in 12-year basic education has been attained, (4) most educators and parents prefer that character and moral education be taught as a timetabled subject, and (5) accompanying measures related to the implementation of 12-year basic education include teacher education, instructional materials, Internet resources, administrative support, and parent education. Finally, the results are discussed, and preliminary recommendations for character and moral education in 12-year basic education are proposed.

本研究結合品德教育與校長領導理念，聚焦中小學校長之道德發展及其校園營造關鍵角色，希冀達致具體研究目的有三：一為瞭解中小學校長的道德發展意涵；二為瞭解中小學校長營造品德校園的策略；三為對於校長道德發展及其品德校園營造提出反省與建議。研究者透過親訪19 所中小學校園，以半結構式深度訪談其校長，並以質性探究之詮釋學方法進行訪談內容的剖析，歸納出研究結果的四個主軸：校長對於品德教育的觀點、校長面臨的道德兩難議題及其考量因素、校長的德育信念與道德核心價值，以及校長的品德校園營造策略等面向的特點。藉由理念基礎與實徵文獻對於研究結果的辯證與批判，提出對於校長領導、品德教育及進一步研究之建議。 This study focuses on the moral development of principals and their central role in school culture building based on connections between moral dimension and principal leadership in this study. The three purposes of this study are as follows: (1) Understanding principals’ moral development; (2) understanding principals’ strategies for building morality and character in schools; and (3) providing a reflection and suggestions regarding principals’ moral development and the building of morality and character in schools. We held a semistructured interview with 19 elementary and high school principals in Taiwan and visited each of their campuses. Using hermeneutics as a methodological approach in qualitative research, we reached four aspects of findings: perspectives on morality and character education, moral dilemma and influential factors, moral belief and core ethical values, and strategies for building morality and character in schools from principals’ self-reflections. This study offers implications and suggestions on morality and character education, and principal leadership through a discussion and critical thinking regarding the gaps between findings and literature reviews.

软件容错/高可用性（FT/HA）技术是目前通信协议软件开发中一个十分重要的研究课题,该课题的研究对于提高通信的可靠性具有十分重要的意义。文章首先描述了FT/HA技术的基本原理,然后提出了一种基于温备份的FT/HA解决方案,最后,重点探讨了该解决方案在会话发起协议（SIP）开发中的应用。

近年来,随着我国电信网络的快速发展,网络的规模越来越大,结构也日趋复杂,如何提高各地电信网络的运营水平,完成上级赋予的通信保障职责,保持高水平的服务质量,统一管理不同制造商的设备,已经成为人们所关注并且迫切希望得到解决的问题。文章介绍了针对该问题提出的解决方案,并从设计原则、采用技术、功能模块和建设目标等几个方面进行了详细的阐述。

随着信息时代的到来,新业务和新技术迅速推广应用,应急通信网管理正面临着使运行管理及维护现代化、标准化、简单化和自动化的直接的和紧迫的需求。文章主要介绍针对应急通信专业子网中的基础网———传输网的资源管理系统的设计,并从设计原理、系统设计、数据设计、系统构件和功能实现等几个方面作了详细的阐述。

文章根据软交换会话初始协议（SIP）的基本呼叫控制流程、运用流程图及状态图分析法,重点讨论了SIP协议的设计及实现方法,供读者参考。

Objective To construct a nomogram prediction model for assessing the risk of pharyngeal fistula in patients after total laryngectomy by analyzing the influencing factors associated with this complication, and to validate the efficacy of the model. Methods A total of 500 patients who underwent total laryngectomy at a tertiary-level A hospital were selected for analysis. The predictive factors were identified by Lasso regression. Subsequently, binary logistic regression analysis and R-4.3.1 software were used to construct a nomogram model for predicting the risk of pharyngeal fistula in these patients. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) and calibration curve were used to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of the nomogram model, while the goodness-of-fit tests were used to evaluate its overall accuracy through internal validation. Results The identified influencing factors for pharyngeal fistula after-total laryngectomy included diabetes mellitus, preoperative radiotherapy, postoperative nasogastric feeding duration exceeding 14 days, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 kg/m², preoperative tracheotomy, and preoperative hemoglobin levels below 120 g/L. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the model was found to be 0.927; sensitivity and specificity rates were recorded at 83.9% and 88.2%, respectively, yielding a Youden index of 0.721. Furthermor, the Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated no statistically significant difference (χ² =2.523 1, P=0.960 6). Conclusions A nomogram prediction model for the risk of pharyngeal fistula in patients after total laryngectomy was constructed successfully. This model may provide an evidence-based tool for clinical medical staff to identify potential cases of pharyngeal fistula and implement preventive measures accordingly [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To describe the trend of osteoarthritis (OA) burden in global and Chinese residents, to understand the distribution of OA in China from multiple angles, and to provide data information for informing the development of strategies and measures. Methods Information on the prevalence and burden of OA in China and the world was obtained based on GBD 2019 database. Time trend was reflected by average annual percentage change (AAPC). The prevalence and burden in different sex were predicted using a Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis model. Results From 1990 to 2019, the standardized prevalence and DALY rates of OA in China and the world showed an increasing trend, and the increase rate was faster in China, with AAPC of 0.24% (95% CI: 0.18-0.30) and 0.28% (95% CI: 0.22-0.34), respectively. Most of China's growth during this period occurred from 2000 to 2005. After the age of 35, the prevalence and DALY rate of OA in China increased rapidly, and they were stable after the age of 65. The standardized prevalence and DALY rate of OA in Chinese women were higher than those in men, and this difference mainly stems from the population over 40 years old. From 2020 to 2035, the prevalence and DALY rate of OA in Chinese women might decline, while it might increase in men. Conclusion The burden of OA in China is more serious than that in the world, and the age and gender differences are obvious. At present, the burden from women is higher. In the future, men will show a significant upward trend. More accurate measures should be informed for different groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (Natural Science Edition) / Nanjing Xinxi Gongcheng Daxue Xuebao (ziran kexue ban) is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment is the property of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Hainan Medical University is the property of Journal of Hainan Medical College Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Harbour Engineering is the property of Editorial Office of China Harbour Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Foundry Technology (1000-8365) is the property of Foundry Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cyber Security & Data Governance is the property of Editorial Office of Information Technology & Network Security and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Soil & Water Conservation (1009-2242) is the property of Institute of Soil & Water Conservation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Research is the property of Editorial Board of Feed Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment / Nongye Ziyuan yu Huanjing Xuebao is the property of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment / Nongye Ziyuan yu Huanjing Xuebao is the property of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mountain Research (10082786) is the property of Mountain Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rock & Mineral Analysis is the property of Editorial Board of Rock & Mineral Analysis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Detergent & Cosmetics is the property of Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering / Paiguan Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rock & Mineral Analysis is the property of Editorial Board of Rock & Mineral Analysis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abnormal electricity consumption detection aims to identify electricity consumption behaviors that do not conform to normal electricity consumption patterns or violate electricity consumption contracts. To address the issues of existing reconstruction-based detection methods relying on labeled normal samples and failing to capture complex time dependencies, this paper proposed an unsupervised abnormal electricity consumption detection model based on deep siamese autoregressive net- works (DSAD), which used two siamese autoregressive subnetworks to independently reconstruct the unlabeled input data, and then combined the reconstruction errors of the two subnetworks to predict the normal samples in the data, and utilized multi-head self-attention mechanism to effectively capture complex features such as time dependency, periodicity and random- ness. The results obtained from experiments on large-scale time series datasets and real electricity consumption datasets from state grid show that the proposed method achieves better detection performance in terms of AUC and AP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the therapeutic effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) combined with dry eye comprehensive nursing intervention on patients with dry eye, and the improvement of quality of life and to evaluate patient satisfaction for verifying the effectiveness of the combined treatment. Methods Eighty patients with dry eye treated in our hospital were divided into the observation group (40 cases) and the control group (40 cases). The observation group was given IPL combined with dry eye comprehensive nursing intervention, which included meibomian gland fumigation, meibomian gland massage and deep cleaning of palpebral border, while the control group was given dry eye comprehensive nursing intervention. The tear breakup time, symptom improvement effect, ocular surface disease index and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. Results The break-up time of the observation group was longer than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The ocular surface disease index of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group and the control group was 88% and 80%. Patients nursing satisfaction in the observation group and the control group was 95% and 90% respectively. Conclusions The therapeutic effect of intense pulsed light in combination with dry eyes comprehensive nursing intervention is obvious in patients with dry eye. The combined treatment can effectively prolong the break-up time of patients with dry eye, improve the symptoms and the quality of life of patients, and obtain satisfactory patient experience feedback, which is worthy of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormal power consumption detection aims to identify and locate customers in the power system that deviate significantly from regular power consumption behavior. Existing supervised detection methods based on machine learning or deep learning generally require a large amount of manually labeled data, and require transformation for discrete data, thus leading to the loss of important information. FRS theory provides an effective tool for tackling discrete data. Therefore, FRS can be directly applied to the knowledge classification of heterogeneous information that includes continuous and discrete data. This pa- per proposed an unsupervised anomaly detection method with multi-granularity fuzzy relative differences based on FRS theory, and applied it to detect anomalous power consumption users in smart grid. Specifically, it first used information entropy of fuzzy approximation space to measure the importance of attributes for knowledge classification, then constructed a fuzzy granule sequence based on the attribute set's importance, and defined the fuzzy relative difference of the samples on top of this sequence. Finally, it constructed the anomaly detection method based on multi-granularity fuzzy relative differences and conducted evaluation on public datasets. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The code and data for the experiments are publicly available online (http://www.github.com/chenbaiyang/FRAD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (Natural Science Edition) / Nanjing Xinxi Gongcheng Daxue Xuebao (ziran kexue ban) is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study used myocardial tissues of 10 forensic FFPET patients and the samples were prepared into films. The DNA was extracted using xylene-Chelex100 method, dewaxing solution-Chelex100 method, dewaxing solution-Vazyme Fast-Pure FFPE DNA Isolation kit (abbreviated as FP kit) and dewaxing solution-Beijing Tiangen paraffin-embedded tissue genome extraction kit (abbreviated as Tiangen kit), and determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer for concentration and purity, and short tandem repeats (STR) typing test (23 autosomes). The extraction quality, STR typing quality and detection rate of FFPET in four different extraction methods were compared and analyzed to find an efficient, simple, economical, practical, and convenient method. The results showed that for the quality of extrated DNA, the concentration of DNA extracted by two Chelex100 methods were higher than the two test kits, and the purity of DNA extracted by the kits were superior to that of the other two methods. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The average concentration and purity of DNA extracted by FP kit were superior to those by Tiangen kit without significant differences (P>0.05). For the quality of STR typing and detection rate, STR typing generally shows the imbalance of amplification between different loci and different alleles of the same locus, with the former being higher and the later lower. The average detection rate of STR was in the order of: FP kit >Tiangen kit>Chelex100 method. There were no significant difference in the detection rates of STR loci between the two Chelex100 methods (P>0.05), whereas there were significant differences between them and the other two methods (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the FP kit and Tiangen kit (P<0.05). Therefore when dealing with difficult samples such as formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues in forensic DNA identification cases, the dewaxing solution-Vazyme FastPure FFPE DNA Isolation kit was superior to the other three DNA extraction methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]