Guangxi Tongmian is an important superior provenance region of masson pine in China. The distribution area of this provenance had reached 15 600 hm2. It had a high-quality and rich genetic resources of masson pine, and made a great contribution to the genetic improvement of masson pine. Over the last 30 years, natural resources of masson pine in this region have suffered serious damage. To understand the genetic diversity of natural germplasm resources of masson pine in this area, SSR molecular markers were used to analyze the population genetic structure of masson pine in Tong-mian region. The results showed that 53 alleles were identified by 16 pairs of SSR primers in 285 samples, and the poly-morphism rate was 100%. The mean number of alleles (Na), the mean number of effective alleles (Ne), Shannon's in-formation index (I), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He) were 3.31, 1.68, 0.64, 0.35 and 0.36. This showed that the Tongmian population still maintained high level of genetic diversity. Analysis on genetic struc-ture of each stand in Tongmian population showed that coefficient of genetic differentiation (GST), fixation index (FST) and gene flow(Nm) were 0.049, 0.072 and 3.21. The genotype distribution was closer to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and had no significant heterozygote excess or shortage. In Tongmian population, most genetic variation mainly existed within the stand, and no significant genetic differentiation existed among stands. The gene flow in it was smooth. Mean-while, the genetic diversity of the four stands in the core region was lower than genetic diversity of three stands outside the core region. This indicated that the core region of Tongmian provenance suffered more serious man-made damage. In order to protect the natural updating and natural genetic improvement ability of the natural populations of masson pine in this area, we should pay attention to the scientific management of natural forest. On the one hand, genetic resources should be collected and large-scale germplasm resources should be established. On the other hand, we should establish special nature reserve and prohibit illegal felling, final felling, illegal resin tapping and excessive seeding for the natural population like Tongmian which has large distribution area, high utilization value and no serious damage at present. The results of this study have important reference value for the research and protection of the natural germplasm resources of masson pine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]