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为研究轻钢桁架轻混凝土组合墙板轴压性能，设计了1个足尺轻钢桁架和2个足尺轻钢桁架轻混凝土组合墙板试件，进行了轴压性能试验，分析了不同轻混凝土厚度对试件破坏特征、荷载-位移曲线、轴压承载力等的影响。建立了有限元模型，进行了数值模拟，阐明了轻钢桁架轻混凝土组合墙板轴压损伤演化过程，揭示了屈服机制。研究表明：轻钢桁架轻混凝土组合墙板的破坏形态主要为轻钢立柱局部变形屈曲和轻混凝土局部压溃破坏；90 mm厚无面层和150 mm厚有面层组合墙板较轻钢桁架试件峰值承载力分别提高了65.2%和361.7%；在轴压荷载作用下轻钢骨架与轻混凝土的协同工作性能较好，轻混凝土在为墙板提供竖向承载力的同时，对轻钢龙骨的约束效应有效提高了其受压稳定性；数值模拟结果与试验结果符合较好，通过参数分析优化了轻钢桁架轻混凝土组合墙板构造，可供工程设计参考。

质子交换膜燃料电池堆的电效率约为50%，电化学反应剩余的能量要以热量的形式散失，造成巨大能量浪费，开发基于燃料电池的热电联产系统可以高效地产生电力和热水，并显著提高系统的能量效率。在MATLAB/Simulink平台上搭建了70 kW级燃料电池热电联产系统，包括燃料电池电模型、热管理模型和热电联产系统综合动态模型，并开发了一种智能控制算法进行水热管理，将电堆运行温度控制在70 ℃左右，在保证电堆正常运行的前提下，提升热能回收效率并降低系统寄生功率。结果表明该系统可以有效地回收燃料电池反应所产生的废热，在增大外部负载提高电堆电效率的同时，热电联产效率会逐渐增高然后降低，热电联产最高效率可以达到83.5%。

为研究不同梁柱节点构造形式对中心支撑框架抗震性能的影响,完成了4个1层1跨的中心支撑框架试件的拟静力试验,研究参数分别为:柱截面形式、梁柱连接方式、梁柱刚度比。试验结果表明:梁柱节点处构造措施的改变,使各试件的局部损伤也存在着差异;各试件的水平力-层间位移角滞回曲线均为S形,箱形柱截面的开裂与梁柱铰接连接会导致滞回曲线有一定程度的捏拢;当柱截面形式为箱形柱时,节点板附近的柱发生局部破坏,框架分担水平力降低;由于节点板的存在,梁柱间的铰接节点近似为半刚接,框架分担水平力降低,但并不影响支撑充分发挥其性能;当柱刚度较低时,框架分担水平力降低,且支撑未能充分发挥其材料性能,因而支撑框架的抗侧承载力降低。

【目的】对SD大鼠喉移植的自然免疫排斥过程进行病理学观察，定义移植喉急性免疫排斥反应的病理评价标准。【方法】实验采用作者已建立的改良模型进行鼠喉移植。实验组12例，受体和供体均为封闭群Ⅱ级雄性SD大鼠，移植术后第1，3，5，7，14，21天（各2例）解剖移植喉，常规病理观察移植喉的组织结构变化；对照组12例，受体和供体均为F344近交系大鼠，方法同实验组。【结果】实验组术后第1天移植喉表现为周围组织，黏膜固有层水肿；术后第3天时固有层增厚，炎症细胞浸润．小涎腺腺泡结构部分破坏，扭曲；呼吸道上皮部分坏死脱落，白细胞浸润．气管腔有浆液渗出；术后第5天小涎腺严重破坏、萎缩，气管上皮呈大部分坏死脱落。肌肉和甲状腺开始坏死、萎缩、炎症细胞浸润；术后第7天则软骨膜开始破坏，软骨周围有大量炎症细胞浸润，甲状腺、小涎腺、肌肉大量破坏，仅剩少量变性组织残留。术后第14天移植喉正常结构消失，大量炎症细胞浸润，软骨结构仅剩部分：术后第21天移植喉完全被疤痕组织替代。对照组术后第1、3、5天变化与实验组相近稍轻，术后第14天、第21天移植喉外周纤维包裹形成，喉结构存在，气管黏膜鳞状化，涎腺、甲状腺、肌肉部分萎缩，甲状软骨结构基本正常。【结论】同种异体SD大鼠异位喉移植的免疫排斥过程呈渐进性过程。黏膜上皮、涎腺、甲状腺、肌肉、软骨被机体免疫排斥破坏时间不一，黏膜上皮最早，软骨最迟。喉移植免疫排斥的时序性与免疫排斥程度分级相关。

【目的】研究大鼠喉移植供体喉的保存，探讨喉体不同组织结构对缺血和坏死的耐受情况。【方法】40只Wister大鼠，采用UW液灌注，低温保存供体鼠喉，分别通过病理光学及透射电镜观察其形态学改变，比较喉不同组织结构的缺血、坏死变化。【结果】供体喉保存60h后，病理HE染色才能镜检到喉体组织缺血改变，电镜24h即可发现组织细胞的缺血改变，鼠喉各组织结构缺血耐受时间不同，最先出现变化的是粘膜上皮，接着是喉内肌、小涎腺、血管内皮、神经纤维，最后改变的是软骨细胞。【结论】透射电镜检查能及时地反映喉体组织细胞缺血、坏死情况，UW氏液保存供体喉不宜超过26h。

收稿日期:2002 -08 -18 摘 要:【目的】探讨麝香组分体外诱导成年大鼠骨髓间质干细胞(adult rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells , rBMMSCs) 定向分化为神经元样细胞的能力。【方法】分别采用含麝香多肽或麝香酮的L-DMEM 培养基体外定向诱导第5 代至10 代的rBMMSCs , 并分别应用相差显微镜观察神经元样细胞和免疫细胞组化检测神经元样细胞所表达的神经干细胞特异性标 志(nestin)、神经元特异性标志[ 神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolase , NSE)和神经丝蛋白(neurofilament , NF)] 及星 形胶质细胞特异性标志[ 胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glia fiber acid pro tein , GFAP)] , 并进行神经元样细胞记数分析。【结果】成年大鼠 BMMSCs 在加入含麝香多肽的无血清L-DMEM 培养基诱导后, 发现细胞胞体收缩, 突起伸出, 形似神经元;免疫组化显示诱 导出的神经元样细胞NSE 、NF、nestin 表达阳性, GFAP 阴性。神经元样细胞记数分析发现:rBMMSCs 经过麝香多肽诱导后, NSE+神经元样细胞和NF-H +神经元样细胞的比例分别高达93.5 和88.2 %;而用含麝香酮的无血清L-DMEM 培养基却无 上述变化。【结论】麝香多肽能在体外诱导rBMMSCs 定向分化为神经元样细胞, 而麝香酮却无此能力。从而可为神经组织工 程和临床上各类神经疾病的神经移植及细胞替代治疗提供大量的种子细胞, 为临床上各类神经疾病的治疗提供一种新的治 疗策略。 关

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By exploring the species diversity and soil physical and chemical properties of four typical forest types (natural broad-leaved mixed forest, artificial broad-leaved mixed forest, artificial broad-leaved pure forest, and artificial coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest) in Zengcheng District, Guangzhou City, based on their origins and stand types, we analyzed their species diversity differences and the relationship between them and soil environmental factors, providing a theoretical basis for improving the quality of natural forests accurately. Using the typical quadrat survey method and statistical analysis methods, we calculated the Magalef richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Simpson dominance index to analyze the differences in species composition, dominance, and species diversity of the arbor and shrub layers in typical forest communities in Zengcheng District, and conducted correlation analysis with soil environmental factors. A total of 193 species belonging to 82 families and 153 genera were surveyed in the study area. The dominant species and their importance values of the four forest types were as follows: natural broad-leaved mixed forest (Machilus thunbergii, 6. 36%), artificial broad-leaved mixed forest (M. thunbergii, 5. 52%), artificial broad-leaved pure forest (Eucalyptus, 29. 54%), and artificial coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (Canarium, 4. 73%). The dominant species in natural and artificial broad-leaved mixed forests showed an inverted J-shaped distribution, while artificial coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests and broad-leaved pure forests showed a normal distribution. The four forest types had significant differences in species diversity, soil nitrogen, and phosphorus content. Among them, the artificial broad-leaved pure forest had the lowest species diversity in the arbor layer and the highest species diversity in the shrub layer. The soil nutrient content of the four forest types varied significantly, and there was a significant correlation between species diversity and soil physical and chemical properties. Forests of different origins and stand types in the region require different management measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in humans. The incidence and mortality of stroke increase with age. With the aggravation of population aging in China, stroke brings heavy burden to patients, families and society. Among all types of stroke, acute ischemic stroke accounts for 70%-80%,and endovascular treatment has become the main treatment for patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, contrast agent extravasation that may occur during treatment has become a common phenomenon. It is very important to clinically identify contrast agent extravasation and predict the effect of extravasation on the clinical prognosis of patients. This article reviewed the causes, risk factors and clinical prognosis of contrast agent extravasation after endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To discuss the effect of mangiferin (MGF) on the healing of hip fracture in the rats by regulating the Wnt/β -catenin signaling pathway, and to clarify the mechanism. Methods: The hip fracture model in the SD rats was established. After successful modeling, the rats were divided into model group, MGF group, and MGF+XAV-939(Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor) group, and sham operation group was set up, and there were 15 rats in each group. From the first day after surgery, the rats in each group received MGF or XAV-939 interventions every two days, totally for 14 times. Lane-Sandhu X-ray scoring method was used to detect the fracture healing in the second and fourth weeks after surgery; micro CT was used to detect the microstructural parameters of the bone, such as bone volume (BV), number of bone trabeculae (Tb. N), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), and bone trabecular thickness (Tb. Th); HE staining was used to observe the morphology of callus tissue of the rats in various groups; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of osteogenic markers bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and type Ⅰ procollagen N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and bone resorption markers tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRACP-5b) and Carboxy-terminal terminalpeptide of type Ⅰ collagen (CTX) in serum of the rats in various groups; Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of β -catenin, Runt-associated transcription factor 2(Runx2), and bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2) in callus tissue of the rats in various groups. Results: Compared with sham operation group, the rats in model group showed distinct fracture lines, an abundance of fibrous tissue at the fracture site, and no bony callus at the 2nd and 4th weeks after fracture, the Lane-Sandhu X-ray scores and microstructural parameters BV, Tb. N, BV/TV, and Tb. Th of the rats in model group were decreased (P<0. 05), the serum level of BALP was decreased (P<0. 05), while the levels of PINP, TRACP-5b, and CTX were increased (P<0. 05), and the expression levels of β -catenin, Runx2, and BMP-2 proteins in callus tissue were decreased (P<0. 05). Compared with model group, the rats in MGF group showed significantly increased new bone callus at 2nd weeks after fracture, almost no visible fracture line at the 4th weeks, faster fracture healing, and replacement of fibrous tissue by bone tissue at the fracture site, the Lane-Sandhu X-ray scores and microstructural parameters BV, Tb. N, BV/TV, and Tb. Th of the rats in MGF group were increased (P<0. 05), the serum level of BALP was increased (P< 0. 05), the levels of PINP, TRACP-5b, and CTX were decreased (P<0. 05), and the expression levels of β -catenin, Runx2, and BMP-2 proteins in callus tissue were increased (P<0. 05). Compared with MGF group, the rats in MGF+XAV-939 group showed only a small amount of new bone callus at the fracture site at 2nd and 4th weeks after fracture, with no formation of the marrow cavity, and the LaneSandhu X-ray scores and microstructural parameters BV, Tb. N, BV/TV, and Tb. Th of the rats in MGF+XAV-939 group were decreased (P<0. 05), the serum level of BALP was decreased (P<0. 05), the levels of PINP, TRACP-5b, and CTX were increased (P<0. 05), and the expression levels of β -catenin, Runx2, and BMP-2 proteins in callus tissue were decreased (P<0. 05). Conclusion: MGF can promote the healing of hip fracture in the rats, and its mechanism may be related to activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum on the silage quality of rice straw and its in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics. Rice straw was used as the raw material, and different amounts of Lactobacillus plantarum were added (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 g/kg on a fresh weight basis), designated as the CON group, LPⅠ group, LPⅡ group, and LPⅢ group, respectively, with five replicates for each group. After ensiling for 60 days, samples were taken to analyze the silage quality and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of each group. The results showed that compared to the CON group and LPⅡ group, the crude protein content of the LPⅠ group and LPⅢ group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The relative feeding value of the LPⅡ group was significantly improved compared to the CON group, LPⅠ group, and LPⅢ group (P<0.05). Compared to the CON group and LPⅡ group, the rapid degradable gas production of the LP Ⅰ group was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Compared to the CON group, LPⅡ group, and LPⅢ group, the isovaleric acid content of the LPⅠ group was significantly increased (P<0.05), the dry matter degradation rate (DMD) of the LP Ⅰ group was significantly improved (P<0.05). The study indicates that the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum to rice straw can improve the silage quality and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of rice straw, and it is recommended that the addition amount of Lactobacillus plantarum when ensiling rice straw should be 0.01 g/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mannan is a kind of natural polysaccharide, which is widely distributed in yeast and plant tis‐ sues. As a feed additive, mannan can enhance humoral and cellular immunity, maintain intestinal bal‐ ance of nature and improve rumen function. In this paper, the physicochemical properties, preparation, determination, metabolic pathway and application of mannan were summarized, which provided reference value for the development and application of mannan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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